2025-06-102024/25:AU7 · p.9AULabour market
Work via digital platforms
Regulating platform work and platform companies' employer responsibility
What's at stake: The outcome determines whether people who earn a living through app-based platform work gain employee status and protections such as sick pay, or remain classified as self-employed contractors. It affects platform companies' costs and business model, and how quickly the Swedish labour-market model extends to this growing sector.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the government should now commission a dedicated inquiry and legislate so that platform workers are treated as employees and platform companies as employers, or whether it is enough to rely on ongoing collective-bargaining developments and an already-adopted EU directive on platform work.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee views it positively that digital platforms create new services and jobs, but stresses that everyone working in Sweden should have good working conditions regardless of the form of work, and that platform work must not involve the exploitation of labour. The committee notes that labour-market parties have already taken up the issue through industry-adapted collective agreements, that agreements have already been signed in some areas, and expects this work to continue since high collective-agreement coverage benefits the whole labour market. The committee also points out that a recently adopted EU directive on platform work, which must be implemented by December 2026 at the latest, already addresses the issue of correctly determining platform workers' employment status, and that the government already has work under way. A separate new initiative is therefore not judged necessary at this time.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 11 (S)
The Social Democrats welcome more jobs but not at the cost of worse pay and conditions, and point out that platform companies can increasingly avoid employer responsibility by claiming to be mere service brokers. Unlike the committee, the Social Democrats believe action is needed now: platform workers should to a greater extent be regarded as employees with corresponding rights, and more platform companies should be covered by collective agreements, which is why the government should commission an inquiry to map and address the problems within the platform economy.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 11 by S.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| S | No | No 0/93/0/13 | follows the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| MP | No | Yes 14/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| C | Yes | Yes 17/0/0/7 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | Yes | Yes 14/0/0/2 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 15/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | No | Yes 60/0/0/12 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:62 by Nooshi Dadgostar et al. (V) claims 31 and 32, 2024/25:834 by Jamal El-Haj (-), 2024/25:2193 by Mattias Jonsson and Gunilla Carlsson (both S) and 2024/25:3070 by Ardalan Shekarabi et al. (S) claim 25.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:62 av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V) yrkandena 31 och 32, 2024/25:834 av Jamal El-Haj (-), 2024/25:2193 av Mattias Jonsson och Gunilla Carlsson (båda S) och 2024/25:3070 av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S) yrkande 25.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 70 proposals in motions from the general motion period of 2024 concerning labour law and working time. The proposals concern, for example, fixed-term employment, employment rate, seniority rules, right to leave and split shifts. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to current regulations and to the parties' responsibility, that is, trade unions and employer organizations, for regulating conditions in the labour market.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to extend the main contractor's responsibility for wages to include hired-in personnel. (S) — Reservation 11
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The election manifesto explicitly identifies gig work as a source of insecurity in the labour market.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto explicitly identifies gig work as a source of insecurity in the labour market. The counter-proposal's demand that platform workers to a greater extent be treated as employees and covered by collective agreements is precisely the order the plan wants to see, where all employees are protected by strong collective agreements and labour law is developed for safer jobs. The plan also wants to close the space for exploiting people's vulnerable position.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet pekar uttryckligen ut gig-jobb som en källa till otrygghet på arbetsmarknaden. Motförslagets krav på att plattformsarbetare i högre grad ska betraktas som anställda och omfattas av kollektivavtal är precis den ordning planen vill se, där alla anställda skyddas av starka kollektivavtal och arbetsrätten utvecklas för tryggare jobb. Planen vill dessutom täppa till utrymmet att exploatera människors utsatta ställning.
- gig work creates insecuritydecisive»Otryggheten skapas genom tillfälliga anställningar, sms-jobb, gig-jobb, deltidsjobb och bemanningsjobb.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Insecurity is created through temporary employment, SMS jobs, gig work, part-time work, and temp agency work.”
- safer jobs through labour law»Vi vill skapa tryggare jobb genom att utveckla arbetsrätten.« (party programme ↗)“We want to create safer jobs by developing labour law.”
- collective agreements for all employees»anställda i Sverige ska skyddas av starka kollektivavtal.« (party programme ↗)“employees in Sweden shall be protected by strong collective agreements.”
- strong labour law legislation»Vänsterpartiet kommer att fortsätta försvara förhandlingsrätten och en stark arbetsrättslagstiftning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party will continue to defend the right to collective bargaining and strong labour law legislation.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The party programme explicitly identifies platform capitalism as a cause of the increase in low-paid and insecure jobs in Sweden.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme explicitly identifies platform capitalism as a cause of the increase in low-paid and insecure jobs in Sweden. The goals of more permanent and secure employment, collective agreements as the norm, and strong labour law support the counter-proposal's requirement for an inquiry, for platform workers to be increasingly seen as employees, and for increased collective agreement coverage. The plan thus directly supports what the counter-proposal requires.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet pekar uttryckligen ut plattformsekonomin som en orsak till att andelen lågbetalda och otrygga jobb ökat i Sverige. Målen om fler fasta och trygga anställningar, kollektivavtal som norm och stark arbetsrättslig lagstiftning bär motförslagets krav på en utredning, på att plattformsarbetare i högre grad ses som anställda och på ökad kollektivavtalstäckning. Planen talar därmed direkt för det motförslaget kräver.
- platform economy creates insecuritydecisive»Den så kallade plattformsekonomin, en otillräckligt reglerad arbetskraftsinvandring och politiska beslut som resulterat i sänkta lönenivåer har bidragit till att andelen lågbetalda, otrygga och lågproduktiva arbeten ökat i Sverige.« (party programme ↗)“The so-called platform economy, insufficiently regulated immigration of labour, and political decisions resulting in lowered wage levels have contributed to the increase in low-paid, insecure and low-productivity jobs in Sweden.”
- permanent and secure employment»Fler fasta och trygga anställningar.« (party programme ↗)“More permanent and secure employment.”
- collective agreements as norm»Kollektivavtal som norm, försvar av den svenska modellen.« (party programme ↗)“Collective agreements as the norm, defence of the Swedish model.”
- strong labour law»Stark arbetsrättslig lagstiftning.« (party programme ↗)“Strong labour law.”
The plan particularly identifies the part of the labour market where workers have weak connection and few rights and establishes that their working conditions must be improved — precisely the situation the counter-proposal describes in platform economy.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan particularly identifies the part of the labour market where workers have weak connection and few rights and establishes that their working conditions must be improved — precisely the situation the counter-proposal describes in platform economy. The plan also values the collective bargaining model and wants to encourage union organising, which bears the requirement for more collective agreements and employment-like rights.
Original (Swedish)
Planen pekar särskilt ut den del av arbetsmarknaden där arbetstagarna har svag anknytning och få rättigheter och slår fast att deras arbetsvillkor måste förbättras — precis den situation motförslaget beskriver i plattformsekonomin. Planen värnar dessutom kollektivavtalsmodellen och vill uppmuntra facklig organisering, vilket bär kravet på fler kollektivavtal och anställningsliknande rättigheter.
- protection for weakest connecteddecisive»På den del av arbetsmarknaden där arbetstagarna ofta har svag anknytning och få rättigheter är inflytandet mycket litet.« (party programme ↗)“On the part of the labour market where employees often have weak connection and few rights, the influence is very small.”
- improved working conditions»Deras arbetsvillkor måste förbättras.« (party programme ↗)“Their working conditions must be improved.”
- collective agreements as norm»Vi värnar den svenska modellen där arbetsmarknadens parter gemensamt förhandlar fram vad som ska gälla på arbetsmarknaden genom kollektivavtal.« (party programme ↗)“We value the Swedish model where the labour market parties jointly negotiate what should apply on the labour market through collective agreements.”
- functioning labour law»Vi vill värna en fungerande arbetsrätt och ge arbetstagare inflytande över både arbetets innehåll och arbetstiden.« (party programme ↗)“We want to value a functioning labour law and give employees influence over both the content of work and working time.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme states that the rules of the labor market should be determined by the parties to the greatest extent possible and that laws and regulations should not override freedom of collective bargaining.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme states that the rules of the labor market should be determined by the parties to the greatest extent possible and that laws and regulations should not override freedom of collective bargaining. The counter-proposal's requirement that platform workers be reclassified as employees to a greater degree and that more platform companies be subject to collective agreements goes against that arrangement and the flexibility the plan values. The election manifesto additionally wants to create more doors into the labor market, which platform work can constitute.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet slår fast att arbetsmarknadens spelregler i mesta möjliga mån ska fastställas av parterna och att lagar och regler inte bör köra över den fria avtalsrätten. Motförslagets krav på att plattformsarbetare i högre grad ska omklassas till anställda och att fler plattformsföretag ska omfattas av kollektivavtal går emot den ordningen och den flexibilitet planen värnar. Valmanifestet vill dessutom skapa fler dörrar in på arbetsmarknaden, vilket plattformsarbete kan utgöra.
- the parties before legislationdecisive»Det skapar en flexibel och långsiktigt hållbar arbetsmarknad och flyttar makten närmare dem som berörs.« (party programme ↗)“It creates a flexible and long-term sustainable labor market and moves power closer to those affected.”
- freedom of collective bargaining»bör lagar och regler inte köra över den fria avtalsrätten eller sätta någon i underläge på arbetsmarknaden på grundval av kortare anställningsår eller andra godtyckliga skäl.« (party programme ↗)“laws and regulations should not override freedom of collective bargaining or put anyone at a disadvantage on the labor market on the basis of shorter employment periods or other arbitrary reasons.”
- flexible labor market»Svensk arbetsmarknad behöver både mer flexibilitet och mer trygghet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Swedish labor market needs both more flexibility and more security.”
- more doors in»Skapa fler dörrar in till arbetsmarknaden genom fler enkla jobb, det vill säga jobb som inte kräver kvalificerad utbildning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create more doors into the labor market through more simple jobs, that is, jobs that do not require qualified training.”
The plan wants a labour market with low barriers and high mobility and requires that policy swiftly remove obstacles to take advantage of technological development's opportunities.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants a labour market with low barriers and high mobility and requires that policy swiftly remove obstacles to take advantage of technological development's opportunities. It also affirms that conditions shall principally be determined by agreement and not in law, which speaks against a state initiative to reclassify platform workers as employees. The plan also values livelihood enterprise as a path that broadens the labour market.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill ha en arbetsmarknad med låga trösklar och hög rörlighet och kräver att politiken snabbt undanröjer hinder för att ta vara på den tekniska utvecklingens möjligheter. Den slår också fast att villkoren i huvudsak ska bestämmas genom avtal och inte i lag, vilket talar emot ett statligt initiativ för att omklassificera plattformsarbetare som anställda. Planen värnar dessutom levebrödsföretagandet som en väg som vidgar arbetsmarknaden.
- low barriers and high mobilitydecisive»arbetsmarknad kännetecknas av låga trösklar och hög rörlighet i kombination med starka« (party programme ↗)“labour market is characterized by low barriers and high mobility in combination with strong”
- remove obstacles for new technology»Politikens uppgift måste vara att snabbt undanröja hinder för att underlätta för företag och« (party programme ↗)“Policy's task must be to swiftly remove obstacles to facilitate businesses and”
- agreement rather than legislation»avtal och inte i lag, bidrar till ansvarstagande på arbetsmarknaden« (party programme ↗)“agreement and not in law, contributes to responsibility-taking on the labour market”
- valued livelihood enterprise»kallat levebrödsföretagande – vidgar arbetsmarknaden och ökar människors frihet« (party programme ↗)“called livelihood enterprise – broadens the labour market and increases people's freedom”
The plan wants good employment security to be pursued for all workers and requires that legislation provide reasonable security, which supports the requirement to map and address platform companies avoiding employer responsibility.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants good employment security to be pursued for all workers and requires that legislation provide reasonable security, which supports the requirement to map and address platform companies avoiding employer responsibility. Strong and independent trade unions and the parties' role also argue for collective agreements to cover more platform companies. At the same time, the plan warns against unjustified barriers to the labour market, which makes the support conditional.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill att god anställningstrygghet ska eftersträvas för alla arbetstagare och att lagstiftningen ger rimlig trygghet, vilket bär kravet på att kartlägga och åtgärda att plattformsföretag undviker arbetsgivaransvar. Starka och oberoende fackföreningar och parternas roll talar också för att kollektivavtal ska omfatta fler plattformsföretag. Samtidigt varnar planen för omotiverade trösklar in på arbetsmarknaden, vilket gör stödet villkorat.
- employment security for alldecisive»God anställningstrygghet för alla arbetstagare ska« (party programme ↗)“Good employment security for all workers shall”
- role of unions in working life»Starka och partipolitiskt oberoende fackföreningar« (party programme ↗)“Strong and politically independent trade unions”
- avoid barriers to the labour market»omotiverade trösklar in på arbetsmarknaden.« (party programme ↗)“unjustified barriers to the labour market.”
- protection in working life»Väl fungerande lagar mot all diskriminering i arbetslivet ska finnas.« (party programme ↗)“Well-functioning laws against all discrimination in working life shall exist.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The counter-proposal wants to investigate the platform economy with the aim that platform workers to a greater extent shall be regarded as employees and more platform companies be covered by collective agreements.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal wants to investigate the platform economy with the aim that platform workers to a greater extent shall be regarded as employees and more platform companies be covered by collective agreements. The plan's business policy commitment is in the opposite direction: conditions for starting and growing shall be good, regulatory red tape shall decrease substantially, and a free business sector shall create new jobs. The plan sees market economy and freedom of contract as the foundation for prosperity, which speaks against redefining new work forms as employment.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslaget vill utreda plattformsekonomin i syfte att plattformsarbetare i högre grad ska betraktas som anställda och fler plattformsföretag omfattas av kollektivavtal. Planens näringspolitiska åtagande är motsatt riktning: villkoren för att starta och växa ska vara goda, regelkrånglet ska minska kraftigt och ett fritt näringsliv ska skapa nya jobb. Planen ser marknadsekonomi och avtalsfrihet som grunden för välstånd, vilket talar emot att omdefiniera nya arbetsformer till anställningar.
- good conditions for businessdecisive»Villkoren för att starta, växa och expandera behöver vara goda« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Conditions for starting, growing and expanding need to be good”
- free business creates jobs»Moderaterna vill bygga ett land där ett fritt näringsliv skapar ett välstånd som kommer alla till del.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Moderates want to build a country where a free business sector creates prosperity that benefits everyone.”
- reduced regulatory red tape»Ta bort en tredjedel av företagens administrationskostnader och en tredjedel av regelkrånglet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Remove one-third of companies' administrative costs and one-third of regulatory red tape”
- market economy and freedom of contract»Grunden för Sveriges välstånd är en marknadsekonomi baserad« (party programme ↗)“The foundation for Sweden's prosperity is a market economy based”
The plan commits to protecting Swedish employees' security and position and increasing security and safety in working life.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan commits to protecting Swedish employees' security and position and increasing security and safety in working life. An investigation that maps how platform companies avoid employer responsibility is in line with that commitment. At the same time, the plan is based on the parties themselves regulating the conditions, which makes support for the legislative route uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen åtar sig att värna svenska löntagares trygghet och ställning och att öka tryggheten och säkerheten i arbetslivet. En utredning som kartlägger hur plattformsföretag undviker arbetsgivaransvar ligger i linje med det åtagandet. Samtidigt bygger planen på att parterna själva reglerar villkoren, vilket gör stödet för lagstiftningsvägen osäkert.
- löntagarnas ställning värnasdecisive»Svenska löntagares trygghet och ställning ska värnas på arbetsmarknaden« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish employees' security and position shall be protected on the labor market”
- trygghet i arbetslivet»Öka tryggheten och säkerheten i arbetslivet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase security and safety in working life”
- välmående före vinstintressen»De anställdas välmående får inte äventyras av kortsiktiga vinstintressen.« (party programme ↗)“Employees' well-being must not be jeopardized by short-term profit interests.”
- partsmodellen försvaras»Försvara den svenska modellen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Defend the Swedish model”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2024/25:AU7)
- Committee report full text (HC01AU7)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2024/25:1400 — En trygg familjepolitik med barnets bästa i fokus av Daniel Persson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1412 — Jämställdhet och diskriminering av Michael Rubbestad m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1469 — Bättre villkor för småföretagare av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1488 — Ett starkare integritetsskydd i ett föränderligt arbetsliv av Aida Birinxhiku (S)
- Motion 2024/25:1521 — Hyvling av arbetstid av Gunilla Carlsson och Dzenan Cisija (båda S)
- Motion 2024/25:1580 — En arbetsmarknad som skapar ekonomisk självständighet för kvinnor av Karin Sundin (S)
- Motion 2024/25:1926 — En starkare ekonomisk familjepolitik av Isabell Mixter m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2024/25:196 — En arbetsrätt för starka och trygga löntagare av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2024/25:2004 — Politisk strejk av John E Weinerhall (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2184 — Införande av heltid som norm på svensk arbetsmarknad av Zara Leghissa m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2024/25:2193 — Bättre villkor och arbetsmiljö även inom gig-ekonomin av Mattias Jonsson och Gunilla Carlsson (båda S)
- Motion 2024/25:2386 — Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv av Magnus Persson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:2479 — Handling mot ofrivillig deltid av Sanna Backeskog m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2024/25:2545 — Garantera företagens avtalsfrihet av Boriana Åberg (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2624 — Föräldrars rätt till ersättning även under skoltid under vissa omständigheter av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:2764 — Möjliggörande av dygnspass inom svensk blåljusverksamhet av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2948 — Arbetsmarknad av Jonny Cato m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2024/25:3070 — Utgiftsområde 14 Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2024/25:3136 — Utgiftsområde 24 Näringsliv av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2024/25:42 — Enskilda löntagares och arbetsgivares rätt att väcka talan i Arbetsdomstolen av Nima Gholam Ali Pour (SD)
Source: The Swedish Parliament