2023-03-152022/23:JuU11 · p.34JuUJustice

Aggravating circumstances

New aggravating-circumstance ground for hate-crime motives

What's at stake: The outcome affects how courts can weigh hate-crime motives, for example based on gender or disability, when setting sentences, and thus the protection of groups often targeted by crimes with discriminatory motives.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether parliament should now push for a new aggravating-circumstance ground linked to hate-crime motives, such as gender, and for stronger criminal-law protection for particularly vulnerable groups, or wait until an ongoing government inquiry reports its findings.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee notes that an ongoing inquiry has already been tasked with considering whether gender should be added as a new aggravating-circumstance ground, and with strengthening criminal-law protection for particularly vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities. Since the inquiry is due to report after the summer, the committee sees no reason to support the motions now.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 32 (S)

The reservation (S) argues that work against men's violence against women should continue at full force toward a zero-vision goal, and that the next step should be to introduce a specific aggravating-circumstance ground for crimes with a hate-crime motive.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 32 by S.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 20/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
Sown reservationNoNo 0/92/0/15follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPNoYes 13/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoAbstain 1/0/18/5departs from the planconfidence: highexplicit
LNoYes 13/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: highnot addressed
KDNoYes 15/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MNoYes 58/0/0/10departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDNoYes 62/0/0/11departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Broke with the party line

CMartin Ådahl (C, Stockholms kommun)Yes — party line: Abstain

MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:394 by Ida Ekeroth Clausson and Louise Thunström (both S), 2022/23:882 by Christofer Bergenblock et al. (C) proposal 4, 2022/23:883 by Ulrika Liljeberg et al. (C) proposal 33, 2022/23:1673 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) proposal 78, 2022/23:1882 by Malin Björk et al. (C) proposal 24 and 2022/23:2139 by Ardalan Shekarabi et al. (S) proposal 60.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:394 av Ida Ekeroth Clausson och Louise Thunström (båda S), 2022/23:882 av Christofer Bergenblock m.fl. (C) yrkande 4, 2022/23:883 av Ulrika Liljeberg m.fl. (C) yrkande 33, 2022/23:1673 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkande 78, 2022/23:1882 av Malin Björk m.fl. (C) yrkande 24 och 2022/23:2139 av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S) yrkande 60.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag said no to approximately 140 proposals in motions on criminal law matters that were received during the general motion period 2022. Some of the motions concern peace-breach offences, controlling behaviour or psychological violence against children. Other motions concern, for example, procuring, sexual offences on the internet, hate speech against a group of people, child pornography offences, animal cruelty, aiding and abetting an offender, multiple criminality, aggravating circumstances, recidivism, unauthorised residences, flag desecration and breach of confidentiality.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto demands action against violence and violations against women, children and LGBT people and particularly points out the everyday harassment and intimidation for LGBT people.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto demands action against violence and violations against women, children and LGBT people and particularly points out the everyday harassment and intimidation for LGBT people. The plan also wants punishment that makes these crimes prioritized by law enforcement agencies. A special sentencing enhancement ground for hate crime motives is in line with this, while the plan emphasizes that sentence increases are only part of the solution.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver krafttag mot våld och kränkningar mot kvinnor, barn och hbtqi-personer och pekar särskilt ut hatets och trakasseriernas vardag för hbtqi-personer. Planen vill också ha straff som gör att dessa brott prioriteras av rättsvårdande instanser. En särskild straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv ligger i linje med detta, samtidigt som planen betonar att straffhöjningar bara är en del av lösningen.

  • action against violencedecisive»I ett tryggt samhälle tar vi krafttag mot våld, hedersförtryck och sexuella kränkningar mot kvinnor, barn och hbtqi-personer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“In a secure society we take action against violence, honor-based oppression and sexual violations against women, children and LGBT people.”
  • LGBT people's vulnerability»Och om du är en hbtqi-person är risken stor att trakasserier, hot, hat och våld blir en del av vardagen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“And if you are an LGBT person there is a great risk that harassment, threats, hate and violence become part of everyday life.”
  • punishment that prioritizes crimes»För det behövs det fler poliser, ökad kunskap inom rättsväsendet om samtycke och om våld mot kvinnor och barn, och straff som gör att brotten prioriteras av rättsvårdande instanser.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“For that we need more police, increased knowledge within the judicial system about consent and violence against women and children, and punishment that makes law enforcement agencies prioritize these crimes.”
  • sentence increase with reservations»Vissa straff kan behöva höjas men mycket mer fokus måste riktas mot att förhindra rekryteringen av nya barn till gängkriminalitet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Some sentences may need to be increased but much more focus must be directed at preventing the recruitment of new children into gang crime.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan promises forceful action against men's violence against women and to continue the direction that tightened penalties for violence and violations in close relationships, which directly supports the counter-proposal's zero vision.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan promises forceful action against men's violence against women and to continue the direction that tightened penalties for violence and violations in close relationships, which directly supports the counter-proposal's zero vision. The programme's anti-racist line and its requirement that hate which silences people shall be counteracted also points toward a penalty enhancement ground for hate crime motives. This specific penalty enhancement ground is not explicitly mentioned, hence derived coverage.

Original (Swedish)

Planen lovar krafttag mot mäns våld mot kvinnor och att fortsätta den riktning som skärpt straffen för våld och kränkningar i nära relationer, vilket direkt stöder motförslagets nollvision. Programmets antirasistiska linje och dess krav på att hat som tystar människor ska motverkas pekar också mot en straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv. Just denna straffskärpningsgrund nämns inte uttryckligen, därav härledd täckning.

  • zero vision men's violencedecisive»Krafttag för att stoppa hedersrelaterat våld, sexualbrott och mäns våld mot kvinnor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Forceful action to stop honour-related violence, sexual crime and men's violence against women.”
  • tightened penalties for violence»Vi vill fort sätta den politiska riktning som skärpt straffen för våld och andra kränkningar i nära relationer, och som ökat resurserna till kvinno- och tjejjourernas viktiga arbete.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to continue the political direction that has tightened penalties for violence and other violations in close relationships, and that has increased resources to women's and girls' shelters' important work.”
  • anti-racist party»Socialdemokraterna är ett antirasistiskt parti, som strävar« (party programme ↗)“Social Democrats are an anti-racist party, which strives”
  • hate undermines democracy»Demokratin undergrävs när rasistiska och andra ickedemokratiska grupper sprider sitt hat« (party programme ↗)“Democracy is undermined when racist and other undemocratic groups spread their hate”

flags: citat_migrerat

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The party programme establishes that no one shall be subjected to hate crimes or hate propaganda and that the work against discrimination shall be integrated across all areas of society, which is supported by the election manifesto's demand for stricter anti-discrimination legislation.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme establishes that no one shall be subjected to hate crimes or hate propaganda and that the work against discrimination shall be integrated across all areas of society, which is supported by the election manifesto's demand for stricter anti-discrimination legislation. A special sentencing aggravation for hate crime motives is such strengthened protection. The plan also gives full support to continued vigorous work against men's violence against women.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast att ingen ska utsättas för hatbrott eller hatpropaganda och att arbetet mot diskriminering ska integreras på alla samhällsområden, vilket bärs upp av valmanifestets krav på skärpt lagstiftning mot diskriminering. En särskild straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv är ett sådant skärpt skydd. Planen ger också full uppbackning till fortsatt kraftfullt arbete mot mäns våld mot kvinnor.

  • no one shall be subjected to hate crimesdecisive»utsättas för hatbrott eller hatpropaganda.« (party programme ↗)“subjected to hate crimes or hate propaganda.”
  • stricter anti-discrimination legislation»stärka lagstiftningen mot diskriminering och se över rätten till rättshjälp i diskrimineringsfall.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen the legislation against discrimination and review the right to legal aid in cases of discrimination.”
  • vigorous work against violence»stärka arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck så att likvärdig hjälp ges i hela landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen the work against honour-related violence and oppression so that equivalent help is provided throughout the country.”
  • equal rights across all areas»arbetet för lika rättigheter och mot diskriminering« (party programme ↗)“the work for equal rights and against discrimination”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly demands that more hate crime grounds be added and that sentences be raised for sexual offences and offences against women's integrity, which is precisely what the counter-proposal wants to pursue as the next step.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly demands that more hate crime grounds be added and that sentences be raised for sexual offences and offences against women's integrity, which is precisely what the counter-proposal wants to pursue as the next step. The plan also states that work against men's violence against women must be driven to an end and that men who hit must not escape. Sharpening criminal law on grounds of hate crime motivation therefore lies directly in line with the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver uttryckligen att fler hatbrottsgrunder läggs till och att straffen höjs för sexualbrott och kvinnofridsbrott, vilket är precis vad motförslaget vill ta som nästa steg. Planen slår också fast att arbetet mot mäns våld mot kvinnor ska drivas till ett slut och att män som slår inte ska komma undan. Att skärpa straffrätten vid hatbrottsmotiv ligger därför direkt i linje med planen.

  • expanded hate crime groundsdecisive»lägga till kön och funktionsnedsättning som hatbrottsgrunder« (2022 manifesto ↗)“add gender and disability as hate crime grounds”
  • increased sentences for violent crimes»Vi vill höja straffen för sexualbrott, grov fridskränkning och grov kvinnofridskränkning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to raise sentences for sexual offences, serious assault, and serious offences against women's integrity.”
  • zero tolerance for men's violence»Vi ska leda Sverige mot ett slut på mäns våld mot kvinnor. Män som slår ska inte komma undan.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We shall lead Sweden towards an end to men's violence against women. Men who hit must not escape.”
  • combat discrimination»Vi bekämpar alla strukturer, formella och informella, som förtrycker eller diskriminerar människor.« (party programme ↗)“We combat all structures, formal and informal, that oppress or discriminate against people.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The party programme already establishes that honour motives shall be an aggravating circumstance when assessing a crime's criminal value, and the election manifesto wants to prioritise police work on hate crimes and toughen penalties for honour-related crimes.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme already establishes that honour motives shall be an aggravating circumstance when assessing a crime's criminal value, and the election manifesto wants to prioritise police work on hate crimes and toughen penalties for honour-related crimes. To let hate crime motives be a particular ground for sentence enhancement is the same principle: the motive behind the crime shall raise the criminal value. The plan therefore carries the counter-proposal's requirement.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår redan fast att hedersmotiv ska vara en försvårande omständighet vid bedömningen av ett brotts straffvärde, och valmanifestet vill prioritera polisens hatbrottsverksamhet och skärpa straffen för hedersrelaterade brott. Att låta hatbrottsmotiv utgöra en särskild straffskärpningsgrund är samma princip: motivet bakom brottet ska höja straffvärdet. Planen bär därför motförslagets krav.

  • motive as sentence enhancementdecisive»Hedersmotiv ska vara en försvårande omständighet vid bedömningen av ett brotts straffvärde.« (party programme ↗)“Honour motives shall be an aggravating circumstance when assessing a crime's criminal value.”
  • prioritised hate crimes»prioritera polisens hatbrottsverksamhet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“prioritise police work on hate crimes”
  • toughened penalties for honour crimes»straffen för hedersrelaterade brott skärpas och kriminaliseringen breddas till uttryck för hederstänkande såsom oskuldskontroller och uppfostringsresor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“penalties for honour-related crimes are toughened and criminalisation broadened to expressions of honour thinking such as honour inspections and educational trips.”
  • action against men's violence»Vi vill se en ökad handlingskraft mot sexuellt våld och våld mot kvinnor genom bland annat högre straff för sexualbrott och ett bättre skydd och stöd för offren.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to see increased action against sexual violence and violence against women through among other things higher sentences for sexual crimes and better protection and support for victims.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan is based on the inviolable value of all people and requires that no one is discriminated against on the grounds of sex, ethnicity, religion or sexual identity, and that discrimination can never be tolerated and must be met with legislation.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is based on the inviolable value of all people and requires that no one is discriminated against on the grounds of sex, ethnicity, religion or sexual identity, and that discrimination can never be tolerated and must be met with legislation. Men's violence against women is highlighted as the ultimate expression of lack of gender equality. A special sentencing enhancement ground for hate crime motives follows from these commitments, and the plan shows openness to new criminal law constructions.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger på alla människors okränkbara värde och kräver att ingen diskrimineras på grund av kön, etnicitet, religion eller sexuell identitet, samt att diskriminering aldrig kan tolereras och möts med lagstiftning. Mäns våld mot kvinnor lyfts som det yttersta uttrycket för bristande jämställdhet. En särskild straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv följer av dessa åtaganden, och planen visar öppenhet för nya straffrättsliga konstruktioner.

  • prohibition of discriminationdecisive»på grund av kön, ålder, funktionsvariationer, etniskt ursprung, religion, sexuell identitet« (party programme ↗)“on the grounds of sex, age, functional variations, ethnic origin, religion, sexual identity”
  • legislation against discrimination»kan aldrig tolereras. Därför behöver det finnas en lagstiftning mot diskriminering.« (party programme ↗)“can never be tolerated. Therefore there needs to be legislation against discrimination.”
  • men's violence against women»Mäns våld mot kvinnor är det yttersta uttrycket för« (party programme ↗)“Men's violence against women is the ultimate expression of”
  • new criminal offences»Inför brottsrubriceringen missfirmelse mot tjänsteman« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce the criminal offence of assault on a public official”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan's consistent line is significantly tougher penalties for violent and sexual crimes and new grounds for enhanced penalties, for example in case of re-offending.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's consistent line is significantly tougher penalties for violent and sexual crimes and new grounds for enhanced penalties, for example in case of re-offending. The party programme states that tolerance does not extend to incitement to hate or violent crime, and the manifesto wants to counteract hate against LGBTQ people. A special ground for enhanced penalties for hate crime motives thus aligns with the plan, even though this particular ground is not mentioned.

Original (Swedish)

Planens genomgående linje är kraftigt skärpta straff för vålds- och sexualbrott och nya straffskärpningsgrunder, till exempel vid återfall. Partiprogrammet slår fast att toleransen inte sträcker sig till uppmaningar till hat- eller våldsbrott, och manifestet vill motverka hat mot hbtq-personer. En särskild straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv ligger därmed i linje med planen, även om just den grunden inte nämns.

  • toughened penalties for violent crimesdecisive»Skärpa straffen för vålds- och sexualbrott« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Toughen penalties for violent and sexual crimes”
  • new grounds for enhanced penalties»Införa ett system med kraftiga straffskärpningar vid återfall« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce a system with strong enhancements for re-offending”
  • no tolerance for hate crimes»tolererar inte uppmaningar till hat- eller våldsbrott.« (party programme ↗)“does not tolerate incitement to hate or violent crime.”
  • counteract hate against LGBTQ people»Stoppa utbetalningar av skattemedel till organisationer som hetsar och sprider hat mot hbtq-personer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop payments of public funds to organisations that incite and spread hate against LGBTQ people”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan accepts and demands motivation-based sentence enhancement: crimes with honour motive shall be sentenced according to a special classification to significantly stricter punishment, and law enforcement efforts against violence and threats that limit the lives of vulnerable groups shall be strengthened.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan accepts and demands motivation-based sentence enhancement: crimes with honour motive shall be sentenced according to a special classification to significantly stricter punishment, and law enforcement efforts against violence and threats that limit the lives of vulnerable groups shall be strengthened. A special sentencing enhancement ground for hate crime motive follows the same logic and is in line with the plan's general demand for increased sentences for violence and sexual offences.

Original (Swedish)

Planen accepterar och kräver motivbaserad straffskärpning: brott med hedersmotiv ska dömas enligt en särskild rubricering till påtagligt strängare straff, och rättsväsendets insatser mot våld och hot som begränsar utsatta gruppers liv ska stärkas. En särskild straffskärpningsgrund för hatbrottsmotiv följer samma logik och ligger i linje med planens allmänna krav på skärpta straff för våld och sexualbrott.

  • motivation-based sentence enhancementdecisive»Den som begår brott med hedersmotiv bör dömas enligt en särskild brottsrubricering till påtagligt strängare straff och utvisning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A person committing a crime with honour motive should be sentenced according to a special offence classification to significantly stricter punishment and expulsion.”
  • protection for vulnerable groups»Stärka rättsväsendets insatser mot våld, hot och hedersförtryck som begränsar livet för HBT+ -personer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen law enforcement efforts against violence, threats and honour-based oppression that limit the lives of LGBTQ+ people”
  • vigorous action against violence»Stärka kampen mot våld och överfall« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the fight against violence and assault”
  • increased sentences for violent crime»Kraftigt skärpa straffen för sexualbrott och utvisa utländska våldtäktsmän på livstid« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Significantly increase sentences for sexual offences and expel foreign rapists for life”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament