2025-06-172024/25:MJU22 · p.1MJUEnvironment & agriculture

Making decisions publicly accessible

Exemption for total defence from the requirement to disclose environmental decisions

What's at stake: The decision affects public access to information about environmental decisions with significant impact. An exemption protects sensitive information about total defence but also limits transparency, which critics say becomes especially sensitive given today's uncertain security situation.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the new requirement to make certain environmental decisions accessible to the public should include an exemption for decisions concerning total defence, or whether all such decisions should be disclosed without exemption.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee shares the government's assessment that the new requirement to disclose certain decisions to the public should be introduced to fully implement the EIA Directive, but also considers that an exemption for decisions concerning total defence is needed to protect sensitive information that could otherwise negatively affect Sweden's defence capability. The committee therefore recommends adopting the government's proposal including the exemption.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (V, MP)

The reservation (V, MP) welcomes the requirement to disclose decisions but wants to remove the exemption for total defence. The reasoning is that the exemption is considered too sweeping, especially given the current uncertainty surrounding the EU's relationship with the US and the defence cooperation agreement between Sweden and the US.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by V, MP.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/20/0/4follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
SYesYes 93/0/0/13follows the planconfidence: lowderived
MPown reservationNoNo 0/15/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: lowderived
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
MYesYes 59/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
SDYesYes 63/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: mediumderived

Committee proposal

The Riksdag adopts chapter 6, section 26 a of the government's proposal for a law amending the Environmental Code. Thereby, the Riksdag accepts proposition 2024/25:153 point 1 in this respect and rejects motion 2024/25:3407 by Emma Nohrén et al. (MP).

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen antar 6 kap. 26 a § regeringens förslag till lag om ändring i miljöbalken. Därmed bifaller riksdagen proposition 2024/25:153 punkt 1 i denna del och avslår motion 2024/25:3407 av Emma Nohrén m.fl. (MP).

Riksdag decision: The Swedish implementation of the so-called EIA Directive will become clearer. The Riksdag approved the government's proposal. The EIA Directive contains EU regulations on environmental impact assessments for certain public and private projects. The Directive has previously been implemented in Swedish law, but the EU Commission has provided comments on how Swedish legislation is designed. As a result, the government has proposed, among other things, the following changes: Decisions on significant environmental impact shall be made publicly accessible. The Government shall have the authority to determine rules on when a reportable activity may earliest begin. It shall be clearer that environmental organizations are allowed to appeal certain decisions. The legislative changes, which are implemented in the Environmental Code and in several other sectoral laws, take effect on August 1, 2025.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The plan wants greater societal transparency and states that legal security is maintained through citizen oversight and independent scrutiny.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants greater societal transparency and states that legal security is maintained through citizen oversight and independent scrutiny. Removing a sweeping exception for total defense from the requirement to make decisions public follows from that, as does the requirement that the Armed Forces are clearly embedded in democratic structures with functioning accountability. The plan furthermore wants Sweden to act independently in relation to the USA.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill gå mot en större samhällelig insyn och slår fast att rättssäkerheten upprätthålls genom medborgerlig insyn och oberoende granskning. Att ta bort ett svepande undantag för totalförsvaret från kravet att tillgängliggöra beslut följer av det, liksom av kravet att Försvarsmakten ska vara tydligt inordnad i demokratiska strukturer med fungerande ansvarsutkrävande. Planen vill dessutom att Sverige kan agera självständigt i förhållande till USA.

  • increased societal transparencydecisive»Vi vill gå mot en större samhällelig insyn« (party programme ↗)“We want greater societal transparency”
  • oversight and independent scrutiny»Rättssäkerheten behöver upprätthållas genom rättshjälp, medborgerlig« (party programme ↗)“Legal security needs to be maintained through legal aid, citizen”
  • defense under democratic control»vara tydligt inordnade i demokratiska strukturer. Det ställer också« (party programme ↗)“be clearly embedded in democratic structures. That also”
  • independence from the USA»Det är viktigt att Sverige kan agera självständigt från stormakter som« (party programme ↗)“It is important that Sweden can act independently from superpowers such as”
SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan requires strong resilience through significant military capacity and preparedness against hybrid attacks, which speaks for not making protected total defence tasks accessible.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires strong resilience through significant military capacity and preparedness against hybrid attacks, which speaks for not making protected total defence tasks accessible. To remove the exception for total defence, as the counter-proposal demands, goes against that commitment. The plan's general requirement for openness principle in publicly financed activities pulls in the other direction, why the assessment is uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver stark motståndskraft genom betydande militär förmåga och beredskap mot hybridattacker, vilket talar för att skyddsvärda totalförsvarsuppgifter inte ska tillgängliggöras. Att ta bort undantaget för totalförsvaret, som motförslaget kräver, går emot det åtagandet. Planens allmänna krav på offentlighetsprincip i offentligt finansierad verksamhet drar åt andra hållet, varför bedömningen är osäker.

  • strengthened defence capacitydecisive»Stark motståndskraft i hela samhället genom betydande militär förmåga, stark svensk försvarsindustri och god civil beredskap.« (party programme ↗)“Strong resilience throughout society through significant military capacity, strong Swedish defence industry and good civil preparedness.”
  • protection against hybrid threats»Beredskap mot hybridattacker.« (party programme ↗)“Preparedness against hybrid attacks.”
  • resistance to influence»Arbetet för att stärka förmågan att stå emot cyberattacker och desinformation ska stärkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The work to strengthen the capacity to resist cyberattacks and disinformation shall be strengthened.”
  • the openness principle»Offentlighetsprincip i all offentligt finansierad verksamhet.« (party programme ↗)“Openness principle in all publicly financed activities.”
MPMiljöpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan demands that the principle of public access and freedom of disclosure are cherished and strengthened and that citizens shall always be able to scrutinize power.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan demands that the principle of public access and freedom of disclosure are cherished and strengthened and that citizens shall always be able to scrutinize power. A sweeping exemption for total defence from the requirement to make decisions accessible goes against that commitment, which is why the counter-proposal's demand to remove the exemption is supported. The plan also emphasizes good public insight and transparency in the exercise of public power.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att offentlighetsprincipen och meddelarfriheten värnas och stärks och att medborgarna alltid ska kunna granska makten. Ett svepande undantag för totalförsvaret från kravet att tillgängliggöra beslut går emot det åtagandet, varför motförslagets krav på att ta bort undantaget stöds. Planen betonar också god medborgerlig insyn och transparens i offentlig maktutövning.

  • strengthened principle of public accessdecisive»Offentlighetsprincipen och meddelarfriheten måste värnas och stärkas.« (party programme ↗)“The principle of public access and freedom of disclosure must be cherished and strengthened.”
  • scrutiny of power»Medborgarna ska alltid kunna granska makten.« (party programme ↗)“Citizens shall always be able to scrutinize power.”
  • public insight»Det ska finnas god medborgerlig insyn i all rättskipande och rättsvårdande verksamhet« (party programme ↗)“There shall be good public insight into all judicial and legal proceedings”
  • transparency in public power»Detta kräver transparens och öppenhet såväl som ett effektivt och välfungerande rättsväsen som har allmänhetens förtroende.« (party programme ↗)“This requires transparency and openness as well as an effective and well-functioning judicial system that has public confidence.”
CCenterpartietNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The election manifesto wishes to make Sweden even more transparent and the party programme makes openness a precondition for freedom and democracy and against corruption.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto wishes to make Sweden even more transparent and the party programme makes openness a precondition for freedom and democracy and against corruption. A sweeping exception for total defence from the requirement to make decisions accessible conflicts with that line. The plan's demand for a strengthened defence justifies some protection, but not a general exception.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet vill göra Sverige ännu mer transparent och partiprogrammet gör öppenhet till en grundförutsättning för frihet och demokrati och mot korruption. Ett svepande undantag för totalförsvaret från kravet att tillgängliggöra beslut går emot den linjen. Planens krav på ett rustat försvar motiverar visst skydd, men inte ett generellt undantag.

  • increased transparencydecisive»Sverige ska bli ännu mer transparent. Vi vill inrätta en antikorruptionsmyndighet, skärpa regler mot korruption och införa ett lobbyregister.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall become even more transparent. We wish to establish an anti-corruption agency, tighten rules against corruption and introduce a lobby register.”
  • openness against corruption»Öppenhet och transparens är grundförutsättningar för frihet, demokrati och för att förhindra korruption och övergrepp.« (party programme ↗)“Openness and transparency are fundamental preconditions for freedom, democracy and to prevent corruption and abuse.”
  • public access and informant rights»För oss är de grundlagsskyddade fri- och rättigheterna, som exempelvis yttrande-, tryck- och meddelarfrihet, självklara och ska garanteras.« (party programme ↗)“For us the constitutionally protected rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, press and informant rights, are self-evident and shall be guaranteed.”
  • strengthened defence capacity»Vi vill rusta det militära försvaret snabbt, kraftfullt och långsiktigt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We wish to strengthen military defence rapidly, powerfully and long-term.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan requires significantly stronger defence with appropriations of at least two per cent of GDP and views strategic assets in democratic countries explicitly in a security policy perspective, which speaks for exempting protected information about total defence from publication.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires significantly stronger defence with appropriations of at least two per cent of GDP and views strategic assets in democratic countries explicitly in a security policy perspective, which speaks for exempting protected information about total defence from publication. The plan gives the principle of public access fundamental importance at the same time and wants more documents made accessible, so the balance is uncertain. To completely remove the total defence exception has however no support in the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver ett betydligt starkare försvar med anslag om minst två procent av BNP och ser strategiska tillgångar i demokratiska länder uttryckligen i ett säkerhetspolitiskt perspektiv, vilket talar för att skyddsvärda uppgifter om totalförsvaret kan undantas från publicering. Planen ger samtidigt offentlighetsprincipen grundläggande betydelse och vill att fler handlingar görs tillgängliga, varför avvägningen är osäker. Att helt ta bort totalförsvarsundantaget har dock inget stöd i planen.

  • significantly increased defence appropriationsdecisive»försvarsanslaget öka till minst två procent av bruttonationalprodukten« (party programme ↗)“defence appropriations increase to at least two per cent of gross domestic product”
  • security policy perspective on strategic assets»Den utveckling där odemokratiska eller rentav totalitära stater förvärvar strategiska tillgångar i« (party programme ↗)“The development where undemocratic or indeed totalitarian states acquire strategic assets in”
  • strengthened civil defence»det civila försvaret stärkas i samma takt som det militära« (2022 manifesto ↗)“civil defence is strengthened at the same pace as military defence”
  • value of public access»Offentlighetsprincipen har en grundläggande betydelse för att förankra och fördjupa folkstyret,« (party programme ↗)“The principle of public access has fundamental importance for anchoring and deepening democracy,”

flags: osaker_avvagning

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan establishes that the principle of public access is central to an open and vital democracy and that secrecy provisions shall be used restrictively, which speaks against a broad exception for total defence.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that the principle of public access is central to an open and vital democracy and that secrecy provisions shall be used restrictively, which speaks against a broad exception for total defence. At the same time, the plan requires total defence with sufficient resources and protection against current military threats, which gives some support to the exception. The requirement for restrictive secrecy is the more specific commitment and therefore weighs more heavily, but the evidence is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att offentlighetsprincipen är central för en öppen och vital demokrati och att sekretessmöjligheten ska nyttjas restriktivt, vilket talar mot ett svepande undantag för totalförsvaret. Samtidigt kräver planen ett totalförsvar med tillräckliga resurser och skydd mot aktuella militära hotbilder, vilket ger visst stöd åt undantaget. Kravet på restriktiv sekretess är det mer specifika åtagandet och väger därför tyngst, men underlaget är svagt.

  • restrictive secrecydecisive»Sekretessmöjligheten ska nyttjas restriktivt.« (party programme ↗)“Secrecy provisions shall be used restrictively.”
  • the principle of public access»Offentlighetsprincipen, det vill säga tillgången till« (party programme ↗)“The principle of public access, that is access to”
  • strong total defence»Det samlade totalförsvaret måste ha tillräckliga re« (party programme ↗)“The collective total defence must have sufficient re”
  • protected information»Den personliga integriteten ska ha ett starkt« (party programme ↗)“Personal integrity shall have strong”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The counter-proposal wants to remove the exception for total defence from the requirement to make decisions publicly available.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants to remove the exception for total defence from the requirement to make decisions publicly available. The plan is based on the state's integrity and defence capability being the most fundamental task and wants to strengthen defence intelligence capability and protection against espionage and foreign power. Openly publishing decisions concerning total defence goes against these commitments, although the plan otherwise values transparency and accountability in public activities.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill ta bort undantaget för totalförsvaret från kravet att tillgängliggöra beslut. Planen bygger på att statens integritet och försvarsförmåga är den mest grundläggande uppgiften och vill stärka försvarsunderrättelseförmågan och skyddet mot spionage och främmande makt. Att öppet publicera beslut som rör totalförsvaret går emot dessa åtaganden, även om planen i övrigt värnar insyn och ansvar i offentlig verksamhet.

  • state integrity fundamentaldecisive»Att upprätthålla den svenska statens integritet« (party programme ↗)“To maintain the integrity of the Swedish state”
  • strengthened intelligence capability»Stärka försvarsunderrättelseförmågan« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen defence intelligence capability”
  • protection against foreign powers»Ge företag som är engagerade i säkerhetskänslig verksamhet bättre stöd från staten att kunna möta cyberattacker, spionage och stöldförsök från främmande makt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Provide better state support to companies engaged in security-sensitive activities to meet cyber attacks, espionage and theft attempts from foreign powers”
  • protected total defence planning»Säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Secure long-term planning for civil defence”
SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan sees defence as the ultimate guarantor of national freedom and counts national security among the state's core tasks.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan sees defence as the ultimate guarantor of national freedom and counts national security among the state's core tasks. Removing the exemption for total defence would mean that protected information becomes public and thus weakens defence capability, which contradicts the plan's demand for a total defence equipped for war. The plan furthermore emphasises that Sweden must prepare for the deteriorated security situation in the immediate region.

Original (Swedish)

Planen ser försvaret som den yttersta garanten för nationens frihet och räknar nationens säkerhet till statens kärnuppgifter. Att ta bort undantaget för totalförsvaret skulle innebära att skyddsvärda uppgifter blir offentliga och därmed försvaga försvarsförmågan, vilket strider mot planens krav på ett totalförsvar rustat för krig. Planen betonar dessutom att Sverige måste rustas inför det försämrade säkerhetsläget i närområdet.

  • defence as ultimate guarantordecisive»Sverigedemokraterna ser det militära försvaret som den yttersta garanten för bevarandet av vår demokrati, vår frihet, vårt nationella självbestämmande och vår kulturella särart.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden Democrats see military defence as the ultimate guarantor for the preservation of our democracy, our freedom, our national self-determination and our cultural distinctiveness.”
  • total defence equipped for war»Återupprätta ett totalförsvar som är rustat för krig« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Re-establish a total defence equipped for war”
  • security as core task»Till statens kärnuppgifter räknar vi alla frågor som rör nationens säkerhet och oberoende« (party programme ↗)“To the state's core tasks we count all matters concerning the nation's security and independence”
  • heightened security situation»Rusta Sverige inför en ny säkerhetspolitisk situation i vårt närområde« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Prepare Sweden for a new security policy situation in our immediate region”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament