2025-06-102024/25:MJU18 · p.1MJUEnvironment & agriculture
Comprehensive measures for a circular economy
Overarching goals and measures for a circular economy
What's at stake: A clear target year can give companies and public authorities a shared direction for planning investments and operations, while the absence of such a target leaves the pace of the transition more open-ended. The issue also affects how much furniture, electronics and other public property is reused rather than discarded.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether parliament should now decide on a national target for a fully circular economy by 2040, with clear interim milestones and a special law on reusing public property, or whether it is enough to continue the ongoing national and EU-related work without such a new national target.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee notes that extensive work is already under way, both nationally and within the EU, to strengthen the transition to a circular economy and greater resource efficiency, and is very positive that the government and relevant agencies are actively involved in ongoing EU negotiations. A state committee on economic policy instruments for a circular economy has recently submitted its report, which is now out for consultation, and the European Commission, in its communication on a clean industrial deal, has set a goal for the EU to become a world leader in the circular economy by 2030 and announced a forthcoming legislative act in the area. The committee supports the Commission's overall ambition and looks forward to its proposals, and on this basis considers that the motions calling for a separate national 2040 target and a law on public divestment can be left without further action. The committee also notes that the public sector already has an important role as a role model, including through sustainability criteria for procurement.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (C)
The reservation (C) calls for Sweden to set a national target of having a circular economy in place by 2040, the same year climate neutrality is to be achieved, with clear interim milestones along the way and regular evaluation. The reasoning is that climate is the defining challenge of our time and that a circular economy that breaks fossil dependence and replaces linear material flows with closed loops is necessary to meet climate goals, while ambitious targets also strengthen the competitiveness of businesses. The reservation also calls for an inquiry into a law on public divestment, so that furniture, electronics and other property that agencies and municipalities no longer need is to a greater extent reused and recycled instead of discarded.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by C.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SSocialdemokraterna
Ja 264–17Ja 171–110
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: medium | explicit |
| MP | No | Abstain 0/0/14/4 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| C | No | No 0/17/0/7 | match | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 15/0/0/4 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | match | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/12 | match | confidence: medium | derived |
Committee proposal
Parliament rejects the motions 2024/25:429 by Serkan Köse (S), 2024/25:2519 by Stina Larsson et al. (C) claims 1 and 3, and 2024/25:2613 by Elin Söderberg et al. (MP) claims 24 and 25.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:429 av Serkan Köse (S), 2024/25:2519 av Stina Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkandena 1 och 3 samt 2024/25:2613 av Elin Söderberg m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 24 och 25.
Riksdag decision: Parliament rejected about 170 proposals in motions from the general motion period 2024. The reason is mainly that work is already ongoing in several of the issues that the motions address. The proposals concern, among other things, reuse and recycling, waste, circular food issues, plastic issues, marine litter, and chemical issues.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants a national goal for a circular economy by 2040 and a law on public divestiture to increase recycling. (C) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan requires that reuse and recycling increase and points out the shift to circular economy as a key part of the transition.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that reuse and recycling increase and points out the shift to circular economy as a key part of the transition. A national target with sub-targets and regular evaluation aligns with the plan's requirement that climate targets be linked to concrete, quantified proposals. A law on public disposal follows from the fact that publicly owned activities should lead the way and use their purchases strategically according to the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att återanvändningen och återvinningen ökar och pekar ut skiftet till cirkulär ekonomi som en nyckeldel i omställningen. Ett nationellt mål med etappmål och regelbunden utvärdering ligger i linje med planens krav på att klimatmålen knyts till konkreta, siffersatta förslag. En lag om offentlig avyttring följer av att offentligt ägda verksamheter enligt planen ska gå före och använda sina inköp strategiskt.
- increased reusedecisive»Återanvändning och återvinning av material behöver öka.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reuse and recycling of materials need to increase.”
- circular economy as key part»Det är en nyckeldel i ett bredare skifte till cirkulär ekonomi och« (party programme ↗)“It is a key part of a broader shift to circular economy and”
- quantified targets»klimatmålen med konkreta, siffersatta förslag.« (party programme ↗)“climate targets to concrete, quantified proposals.”
- away from throwaway consumption»produkter som håller och lätt kan återanvändas och delas istället för slit- och släng« (2022 manifesto ↗)“products that last and can easily be reused and shared instead of wear and tear and disposal”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
Transition to circular economy for better use of existing resources is an explicit goal in the party programme, and the election manifesto binds the party to net-zero emissions in 2045 and a firm climate policy framework.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
Transition to circular economy for better use of existing resources is an explicit goal in the party programme, and the election manifesto binds the party to net-zero emissions in 2045 and a firm climate policy framework. A national goal for circular economy with interim targets that align with the climate goal is that combination implemented in governance. That public procurement actors shall be forerunners also carries the proposal about public divestment.
Original (Swedish)
Omställning till cirkulär ekonomi för bättre användning av befintliga resurser är ett uttryckligt mål i partiprogrammet, och valmanifestet binder partiet vid nettonollutsläpp 2045 och ett fast klimatpolitiskt ramverk. Ett nationellt mål för cirkulär ekonomi med etappmål som sammanfaller med klimatmålet är den kombinationen omsatt i styrning. Att offentliga upphandlare ska vara föredömen bär även förslaget om offentlig avyttring.
- transition to circular economydecisive»Omställning till cirkulär ekonomi, för bättre användning av befintliga resurser.« (party programme ↗)“Transition to circular economy, for better use of existing resources.”
- climate neutrality 2045»År 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“In 2045 Sweden shall have no net emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, to thereafter achieve negative emissions.”
- firm climate policy framework»Det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The climate policy framework shall stand firm.”
- public procurement as forerunner»offentliga arbetsgivare och upphandlare ska vara föredömen i att verka för en sund konkurrens« (2022 manifesto ↗)“public employers and procurement actors shall be forerunners in working for sound competition”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan wants a climate policy framework with binding caps and a Swedish emissions budget that ensures climate targets are met, that is time-limited and verifiable targets of the same type as the counter-proposal requests for the circular economy.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants a climate policy framework with binding caps and a Swedish emissions budget that ensures climate targets are met, that is time-limited and verifiable targets of the same type as the counter-proposal requests for the circular economy. The goal is closed loops. The demand for a law on public disposal aligns with the plan's requirement that environmental aspects be weighted more heavily in public procurement.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill ha ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk med bindande tak och en svensk utsläppsbudget som gör att klimatmålen nås, alltså tidsatta och uppföljningsbara mål av samma slag som motförslaget begär för den cirkulära ekonomin. Målet är slutna kretslopp. Kravet på en lag om offentlig avyttring stämmer med planens krav på att miljöaspekter ska väga tyngre vid offentlig upphandling.
- binding climate frameworkdecisive»För att klara klimatmålen krävs ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk med bindande tak för vår klimatpåverkan såväl i Sverige som internationellt.« (party programme ↗)“To meet climate targets, a climate policy framework with binding caps for our climate impact is required both in Sweden and internationally.”
- closed loops»Målet är slutna kretslopp.« (party programme ↗)“The goal is closed loops.”
- time-bound climate targets»ta fram en svensk utsläppsbudget som gör att vi når klimatmålen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“draw up a Swedish emissions budget that ensures we meet climate targets.”
- public sector as model»Vid offentliga upphandlingar ska miljö- och kvalitetsaspekterna viktas betydligt tyngre än i dag.« (party programme ↗)“In public procurement, environmental and quality aspects should be weighted considerably more heavily than today.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto sets the goal that Sweden shall become the world's most resource-efficient country with a more circular economy and that recycling and reuse shall be facilitated.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto sets the goal that Sweden shall become the world's most resource-efficient country with a more circular economy and that recycling and reuse shall be facilitated. A national goal with interim targets and an investigation into reuse of public property are concrete expressions of the same commitment. The party programme establishes that climate policy should be based on what science requires and that high ambitions strengthen environmental technology and entrepreneurship.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet sätter målet att Sverige ska bli världens mest resurseffektiva land med en mer cirkulär ekonomi och att återvinning och återbruk ska underlättas. Ett nationellt mål med etappmål och en utredning om återanvändning av offentlig egendom är konkreta uttryck för samma åtagande. Partiprogrammet slår fast att klimatpolitiken ska utgå från vetenskapens krav och att höga ambitioner stärker miljöteknik och entreprenörskap.
- circular economy as a goaldecisive»Sverige ska bli världens mest resurseffektiva land och ekonomin mer cirkulär. Med rätt stöd och regelförenklingar kan vi återvinna och återbruka allt från kläder till mineral och metaller.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall become the world's most resource-efficient country and the economy more circular. With the right support and regulatory simplifications, we can recycle and reuse everything from clothes to minerals and metals.”
- science-driven climate goals»Klimatpolitiken ska utgå från vad vetenskapen visar är nödvändigt för att undvika farliga förändringar.« (party programme ↗)“Climate policy should be based on what science shows is necessary to avoid dangerous changes.”
- high ambitions strengthen business»Höga ambitioner stärker entreprenörskap, utveckling av miljöteknik och initiativ inom civilsamhället.« (party programme ↗)“High ambitions strengthen entrepreneurship, development of environmental technology and initiatives within civil society.”
- climate first»Centerpartiet sätter klimatet först, för att framtiden måste vara grön.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party puts climate first, so that the future must be green.”
The plan sets a timetabled climate target for 2045 and establishes as a goal that all basic raw materials shall circulate in the production system, which is precisely the ambition the counter-proposal wants to timetable.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan sets a timetabled climate target for 2045 and establishes as a goal that all basic raw materials shall circulate in the production system, which is precisely the ambition the counter-proposal wants to timetable. It also wants public procurement to set clear environmental requirements and reward long-term sustainable products, which carries the requirement for increased reuse of public assets. A national target with interim targets thus follows from the plan's commitments.
Original (Swedish)
Planen sätter ett tidsatt klimatmål till 2045 och slår fast som mål att alla grundläggande råvaror ska cirkulera i produktionssystemet, vilket är just den ambition motförslaget vill tidsätta. Den vill också att offentlig upphandling ställer tydliga miljökrav och premierar långsiktigt hållbara produkter, vilket bär kravet om ökad återanvändning av offentlig egendom. Ett nationellt mål med etappmål följer därmed av planens åtaganden.
- circular material flows as goaldecisive»grundläggande råvaror, såsom växtnäring och mineraler, ska cirkulera i produktionssystemet« (party programme ↗)“basic raw materials, such as plant nutrients and minerals, shall circulate in the production system”
- timetabled climate target 2045»Vi ska nå klimatmålen – inga nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser senast 2045 och därefter negativa utsläpp – inom ramen för en växande ekonomi.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We shall reach the climate targets – no net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 at the latest and thereafter negative emissions – within the framework of a growing economy.”
- environmental requirements in procurement»offentlig upphandling ska tydliga miljö-, klimat- och hälsoskyddskrav kunna ställas« (party programme ↗)“public procurement clear environmental, climate and health protection requirements can be imposed”
- reuse and recycling»Avfallets miljöpåverkan ska minskas genom fungerande återanvändning och återbruk.« (party programme ↗)“The environmental impact of waste shall be reduced through functioning reuse and recycling.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires a circular economy adapted development with extended producer responsibility and a waste hierarchy where waste is first prevented and then recycled, and points out environmentally friendly procurement as a strategic instrument.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires a circular economy adapted development with extended producer responsibility and a waste hierarchy where waste is first prevented and then recycled, and points out environmentally friendly procurement as a strategic instrument. A national goal for circular economy with milestones and a law on public disposal are means for precisely this. The plan does not specify year targets, so the requirement for time-bound targets is derived from stewardship's requirement for long-term thinking.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver en kretsloppsanpassad utveckling med utökat producentansvar och en avfallshierarki där avfall först förebyggs och sedan återanvänds, samt pekar ut miljövänlig upphandling som ett strategiskt instrument. Ett nationellt mål för cirkulär ekonomi med etappmål och en lag om offentlig avyttring är medel för just detta. Planen anger inga årtalsmål, så kravet på tidsatt mål härleds ur förvaltarskapets krav på långsiktighet.
- circular economy adapted developmentdecisive»anpassad utveckling, bland annat genom ett utökat producentansvar.« (party programme ↗)“adapted development, among other things through extended producer responsibility.”
- waste hierarchy»Avfallshantering ska främst utgå från att förebygga avfall, sedan« (party programme ↗)“Waste management should primarily be based on preventing waste, then”
- policy instruments in environmental policy»Lagstiftning med förbud och gränsvärden, en ekologiskt« (party programme ↗)“Legislation with prohibitions and limit values, an ecological”
- stewardship and long-term thinking»Miljön och naturresurserna måste förvaltas ansvarsfullt, så att goda livsbetingelser inte äventyras och så att kommande generationer också får del av dem.« (party programme ↗)“The environment and natural resources must be managed responsibly, so that good living conditions are not jeopardized and so that future generations also benefit from them.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The counter-proposal wants to set a national year-on-year target for circular economy and investigate a special law on public disposal.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal wants to set a national year-on-year target for circular economy and investigate a special law on public disposal. The plan opposes Sweden imposing its own national requirements beyond the EU level and wants instead to reduce red tape and bureaucracy significantly. The plan's climate commitment is net zero by 2045 through technology and electrification, not through new separate target systems and legal requirements for authorities' disposal.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslaget vill sätta ett nationellt årtalsmål för cirkulär ekonomi och utreda en särskild lag om offentlig avyttring. Planen motsätter sig att Sverige lägger på egna nationella krav utöver EU-nivån och vill i stället minska regelkrånglet och byråkratin kraftigt. Planens klimatåtagande är nettonoll till 2045 genom teknik och elektrifiering, inte genom nya separata målsystem och lagkrav på myndigheters avyttring.
- no national separate requirementsdecisive»Minska regelkrånglet och onödig byråkrati, bland annat genom att motverka överimplementering i Sverige av EU-beslut« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce red tape and unnecessary bureaucracy, among other things by counteracting over-implementation in Sweden of EU decisions”
- reduced regulatory burden»Ta bort en tredjedel av företagens administrationskostnader och en tredjedel av regelkrånglet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Remove a third of businesses' administrative costs and a third of red tape”
- net zero 2045 as target»Vi ska som land ta fullt ansvar här hemma och nå nettonollutsläpp senast år 2045.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We as a country shall take full responsibility here at home and reach net zero emissions by 2045 at the latest.”
- effectiveness before target symbolism»Klimatpolitiken får aldrig reduceras till dyrbar symbolpolitik« (party programme ↗)“Climate policy must never be reduced to expensive symbolic politics”
The plan establishes that Swedish targets should be adapted to EU level so that Sweden does not go further than necessary at the expense of living standards and competitiveness.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that Swedish targets should be adapted to EU level so that Sweden does not go further than necessary at the expense of living standards and competitiveness. A separate national deadline for circular economy with milestone targets is precisely such a national special course. The plan instead wants to direct resources to measures that deliver the greatest emissions reduction per invested crown and requires clear results from every public initiative.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att svenska mål bör anpassas till EU-nivån så att Sverige inte går längre än nödvändigt på bekostnad av levnadsstandard och konkurrenskraft. Ett separat nationellt årtalsmål för cirkulär ekonomi med etappmål är just ett sådant nationellt särspår. Planen vill i stället rikta resurserna till de åtgärder som ger störst utsläppsminskning per satsad krona och kräver tydliga resultat av varje offentlig satsning.
- adaptation to EU leveldecisive»De svenska klimatmålen bör anpassas till den klimatlagstiftning som finns på EU-nivå för att inte kraven på andra länder ska bli lägre som en konsekvens av att vi gör mer än nödvändigt på bekostnad av vår levnadsstandard och konkurrenskraft.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish climate targets should be adapted to the climate legislation that exists at EU level so that requirements on other countries do not become lower as a consequence of us doing more than necessary at the expense of our living standards and competitiveness.”
- most emissions per crown»Satsa på åtgärder som minskar utsläppen mest per satsad krona som t ex internationella klimatinvesteringar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in measures that reduce emissions the most per invested crown, such as international climate investments”
- stop symbolic politics»Stoppa symbolpolitik som går ut över möjligheten att bedriva industri och näring« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop symbolic politics that harms the ability to conduct industry and enterprise”
- performance requirements for initiatives»Begära tydliga resultat för varje offentlig satsning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Demand clear results for every public initiative”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2024/25:MJU18)
- Committee report full text (HC01MJU18)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2024/25:1005 — Marint skräp av Rickard Nordin (C)
- Motion 2024/25:1006 — Olagliga komposter av Rickard Nordin (C)
- Motion 2024/25:1016 — Ett nationellt system för skrotbåtar av Kerstin Lundgren (C)
- Motion 2024/25:1030 — Sanering av miljöfarliga vrak på havets botten av Roland Utbult (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:1085 — Stärkt tillsyn av producentansvar för förpackningar av Lars Püss (M)
- Motion 2024/25:113 — Miljövänliga matförpackningar av Björn Tidland (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:115 — Utökade krav på transparens och ansvar för fordonstillverkare samt en teknikneutral definition av miljöbil av Rashid Farivar (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1191 — Sveriges 13 sämsta lagar av Rickard Nordin och Niels Paarup-Petersen (båda C)
- Motion 2024/25:1312 — Hög tid för en lex Kallinge av Katarina Luhr m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:1313 — Minskande av PFAS i vår närmiljö av Katarina Luhr m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:1314 — En åtgärdsplan för att skydda oss och våra livsmedel från PFAS av Katarina Luhr m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:1318 — Ett va-system för nutid och framtid av Katarina Luhr m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:1329 — Gruvpolitik för en mer hållbar mineral- och metallförsörjning av Elin Söderberg m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2024/25:1372 — Marina miljöer och vattenvård av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1384 — Konsumentpolitik av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1394 — Kemikaliepolitik av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1395 — Jordbruk - ökad konkurrenskraft utan förlust av biologisk mångfald av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1398 — Cirkulär ekonomi av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1457 — Mineralpolitik för en stark gruvnäring av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1753 — Rivning och återbruk inom byggsektorn av Katarina Luhr m.fl. (MP)
Source: The Swedish Parliament