2023-03-302022/23:NU13 · p.12NUBusiness & energy

Strengthened conditions for mining

Increased Swedish extraction of innovation-critical metals and minerals

What's at stake: The issue concerns Sweden's dependence on imports of metals and minerals from a small number of countries, which makes supply vulnerable, weighed against the possibility of increasing domestic extraction to strengthen supply security and export opportunities.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether Sweden should actively increase domestic extraction of innovation-critical metals and minerals, backed by a state review of the conditions, or whether the committee opposes such a call.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee opposes the motions, and does not consider a special call for increased Swedish extraction of innovation-critical metals and minerals necessary.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 18 (C)

The reservation (C) wants a review of the possibilities for long-term sustainable extraction of innovation-critical metals and minerals in Sweden, and wants parliament to state that more minerals and metals should be extracted in Sweden. The reason given is Sweden's dependence on imports from a small number of countries, which makes supply vulnerable and a security-policy risk, and that the imports often come from countries with a larger climate footprint and worse working conditions.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 18 by C.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoAbstain 1/0/92/14departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPYesYes 15/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MNoYes 59/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
SDNoYes 64/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Broke with the party line

SMalin Larsson (S, Västernorrlands län)Yes — party line: Abstain

MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:1123 by Elisabeth Thand Ringqvist et al. (C) amendment 17, 2022/23:1672 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) amendment 19 and 2022/23:2063 by Fredrik Olovsson et al. (S) amendments 3 and 4.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:1123 av Elisabeth Thand Ringqvist m.fl. (C) yrkande 17, 2022/23:1672 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkande 19 och 2022/23:2063 av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S) yrkandena 3 och 4.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag issued a directive, a tillkännagivande (formal communication), to the government regarding the role of authorities in permit processes. The committee considers that authorities in connection with permit processes should work in a more advisory and solution-oriented manner than previously. The directive is based on a proposal in a motion from the general motion period 2022 regarding mineral policy issues. The Riksdag rejected approximately 40 proposals in other motions. These concern, among other things, permits and permit processes, prohibition against mining, property rights and compensation, as well as so-called innovation-critical metals and minerals.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan requires that the state increases its control over the infrastructure and resources that climate transition needs, which speaks for metals and minerals that the transition requires being extracted domestically under societal governance.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that the state increases its control over the infrastructure and resources that climate transition needs, which speaks for metals and minerals that the transition requires being extracted domestically under societal governance. The plan also establishes that more of the value of natural resources shall remain where they are extracted, and that even richer countries have the right to protect themselves against unfair and environmentally damaging competition. The counter-proposal's requirement for long-term sustainability fits within the plan's requirement for a just environmental space.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att staten ökar sin kontroll över den infrastruktur och de resurser som klimatomställningen behöver, vilket talar för att de metaller och mineral omställningen kräver utvinns inhemskt under samhällelig styrning. Planen slår också fast att mer av naturresursernas värden ska stanna kvar där de utvinns, och att även rikare länder har rätt att skydda sig mot underbuds- och miljöskadlig konkurrens. Motförslagets krav på långsiktig hållbarhet ryms inom planens krav på ett rättvist miljöutrymme.

  • state control over transition resourcesdecisive»Staten måste öka sin kontroll över infrastruktur och resurser som behövs för att genomföra klimatomställningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The state must increase its control over infrastructure and resources needed to implement climate transition.”
  • natural resources' value remains locally»Mer av naturresursernas värden måste stanna kvar där de utvinns och produceras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More of the value of natural resources must remain where they are extracted and produced.”
  • protection against damaging unfair competition»även rikare länder ska ha rätt att skydda sig mot underbuds- och miljöskadlig konkurrens.« (party programme ↗)“even richer countries should have the right to protect themselves against unfair and environmentally damaging competition.”
  • just environmental space»Samhällets resursanvändning måste därför anpassas till ett rättvist miljöutrymme.« (party programme ↗)“Society's resource use must therefore be adapted to a just environmental space.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaNoAbstaindeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto builds climate policy on the basis that the transformation's industry should be located in Sweden with Swedish wages and collective agreements, which supports domestic extraction rather than imports from countries with worse conditions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto builds climate policy on the basis that the transformation's industry should be located in Sweden with Swedish wages and collective agreements, which supports domestic extraction rather than imports from countries with worse conditions. The party programme simultaneously requires that extraction remains within what is sustainable long-term and that working conditions are good, which is precisely the scrutiny the counter-proposal wishes to see. The plan does not, however, address innovation-critical metals specifically.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet bygger klimatpolitiken på att omställningens industri ska stå i Sverige med svenska löner och kollektivavtal, vilket talar för inhemsk utvinning framför import från länder med sämre villkor. Partiprogrammet kräver samtidigt att uttaget håller sig inom det långsiktigt hållbara och att arbetsvillkoren är goda, vilket är precis den genomlysning motförslaget vill se. Planen talar dock inte om just innovationskritiska metaller.

  • green industry with collective agreementsdecisive»Det skapar tusentals jobb över hela landet här och nu – jobb med svenska löner och kollektivavtal.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“That creates thousands of jobs throughout the country here and now – jobs with Swedish wages and collective agreements.”
  • sustainable resource extraction»naturtillgångar och ekosystem utnyttjas i dag över gränsen för det långsiktigt hållbara« (party programme ↗)“natural resources and ecosystems are exploited today beyond the limit of what is sustainable long-term”
  • good working conditions globally»Goda arbetsvillkor, rättvisa löner och ansvar för det omkringliggande samhället är något« (party programme ↗)“Good working conditions, fair wages and responsibility for the surrounding society is something”
  • the state drives the transformation»Politiken måste ta ett större ansvar. Det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast. Genom statliga investeringar kan vi öka takten i industrins omställning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Policy must take greater responsibility. The climate policy framework shall stand firm. Through state investments we can increase the pace of the industry's transformation”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The counter-proposal requires that more minerals and metals are extracted domestically.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal requires that more minerals and metals are extracted domestically. The plan's key commitment is that environmental consideration should outweigh short-term exploitation interests and that the use of finite resources should decrease through reuse and closed loops. A stated goal of increased extraction contradicts this, even though the plan's requirements for environmental and labour conditions of imported goods partly supports the counter-proposal's argument.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget kräver att mer mineral och metaller utvinns inhemskt. Planens avgörande åtagande är att miljöhänsyn ska väga tyngre än kortsiktiga exploateringsintressen och att användningen av ändliga resurser ska minska genom återanvändning och slutna kretslopp. Ett uttalat mål om ökad utvinning står mot detta, även om planens krav på importerade varors miljö- och arbetsvillkor delvis talar för motförslagets argument.

  • environmental consideration before exploitationdecisive»Miljöhänsyn ska väga tyngre än kortsiktiga exploateringsintressen.« (party programme ↗)“Environmental consideration should outweigh short-term exploitation interests.”
  • closed loops»minska användningen av ändliga resurser, sluta slösa med energi och material och i ökad utsträckning återanvända och återvinna. Målet är slutna kretslopp.« (party programme ↗)“reduce the use of finite resources, stop wasting energy and materials and increasingly reuse and recycle. The goal is closed loops.”
  • apply the precautionary principle»För att skydda miljön ska försiktighetsprincipen tillämpas så långt det är möjligt.« (party programme ↗)“To protect the environment the precautionary principle should be applied as far as possible.”
  • demands on imported goods»Sverige ska ställa krav på att importerade varor är tillverkade med hänsyn till miljö, mänskliga rättigheter och arbetsförhållanden för anställda i tillverkningsländerna.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden should demand that imported goods are manufactured with consideration to environment, human rights and working conditions for employees in manufacturing countries.”
CCenterpartietNoNofollows the planexplicit

The counter-proposal's demand almost word-for-word reproduces the election manifesto's commitment that Sweden should extract more minerals and metals domestically instead of importing from countries with larger climate footprint and worse working conditions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal's demand almost word-for-word reproduces the election manifesto's commitment that Sweden should extract more minerals and metals domestically instead of importing from countries with larger climate footprint and worse working conditions. The plan furthermore directly connects extraction to the green transition and demands faster permit processes. A review of opportunities for sustainable extraction thus aligns with the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslagets krav återger nästan ordagrant valmanifestets åtagande om att Sverige ska utvinna mer mineral och metaller inhemskt i stället för att importera från länder med större klimatavtryck och sämre arbetsvillkor. Planen kopplar dessutom utvinningen direkt till den gröna omställningen och kräver snabbare tillståndsprocesser. En genomlysning av möjligheterna till hållbar utvinning ligger därmed i linje med planen.

  • increased domestic mineral extractiondecisive»Det är bättre att Sverige tar ansvar och utvinner mer mineral och metaller istället för att fortsätta importera dem från länder med större klimatavtryck och sämre arbetsvillkor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is better that Sweden takes responsibility and extracts more minerals and metals instead of continuing to import them from countries with larger climate footprint and worse working conditions.”
  • minerals for green transition»Med rätt reformer kommer nya jobb att skapas på landsbygden inom allt från produktion av biobränslen till utvinning av de mineral och metaller som krävs för den gröna omställningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“With the right reforms, new jobs will be created in rural areas in everything from biofuel production to extraction of the minerals and metals required for the green transition.”
  • faster permit review»Det är dags att halvera tiden det tar att få tillstånd för gröna investeringar och reformera miljöbalken så att ett projekts klimatnytta ges större vikt i miljöprövningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is time to halve the time it takes to get permits for green investments and reform the Environmental Code so that a project's climate benefit is given greater weight in environmental assessment.”
  • recycling as complement»Sverige ska bli världens mest resurseffektiva land och ekonomin mer cirkulär.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should become the world's most resource-efficient country and the economy more circular.”
LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants to benefit from trade but without naivety toward dependence on undemocratic powers, and it builds environmental policy on technological development that requires innovation-critical metals.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to benefit from trade but without naivety toward dependence on undemocratic powers, and it builds environmental policy on technological development that requires innovation-critical metals. A thorough examination of sustainable domestic extraction is therefore in line with the plan, particularly when the alternative is import from countries with worse conditions. The plan's free-trade-friendly stance qualifies but does not prevent domestic extraction from being enabled.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill dra nytta av handeln men utan naivitet inför beroenden av odemokratiska makter, och den bygger miljöpolitiken på teknikutveckling som kräver innovationskritiska metaller. En genomlysning av hållbar inhemsk utvinning ligger därför i planens linje, särskilt när alternativet är import från länder med sämre villkor. Planens frihandelsvänliga hållning kvalificerar men hindrar inte att utvinning här hemma möjliggörs.

  • reduced naivety about dependenciesdecisive»dra nytta av frihandelns fördelar utan den naivitet som alltför länge uppvisats för kinesisk och rysk maktpolitik« (2022 manifesto ↗)“benefit from the advantages of free trade without the naivety that has been shown too long toward Chinese and Russian power politics”
  • technology solves environmental problems»Teknisk utveckling är en central del av lösningen på dagens miljöproblem.« (party programme ↗)“Technical development is a central part of the solution to today's environmental problems.”
  • free trade over protectionism»Nationalism, protektionism och stängda gränser ska höra till historien.« (party programme ↗)“Nationalism, protectionism, and closed borders shall belong to history.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

Stewardship is according to the plan no passive preservation but responsible use and development of resources, and the plan wants to see increased domestic processing of raw materials.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

Stewardship is according to the plan no passive preservation but responsible use and development of resources, and the plan wants to see increased domestic processing of raw materials. It also notes that low-income countries often lack necessary environmental regulation and modern environmental technology, which is exactly the reason the counter-proposal provides for extracting more at home. A thorough review of sustainable domestic extraction follows thus from the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Förvaltarskapet är enligt planen inget passivt bevarande utan ett ansvarsfullt brukande och förädlande av tillgångarna, och planen vill se ökad inhemsk förädling av råvaror. Den konstaterar dessutom att låginkomstländer ofta saknar nödvändig miljöreglering och modern miljöteknik, vilket är just skälet motförslaget anför för att utvinna mer hemma. En genomlysning av hållbar inhemsk utvinning följer därmed av planen.

  • active stewardshipdecisive»Förvaltarskapsprincipen innebär inget passivt bevarande, utan ett ansvarsfullt brukande och förädlande av tillgångarna.« (party programme ↗)“The stewardship principle means no passive preservation, but responsible use and development of resources.”
  • weaker environmental rules in import countries»I låginkomstländer saknas ofta« (party programme ↗)“In low-income countries often lack”
  • domestic processing»ökad inhemsk förädling av råvaror« (party programme ↗)“increased domestic processing of raw materials”
  • precaution with nature interventions»Utifrån förvaltarskapsprincipen måste försiktighetsprincipen vara« (party programme ↗)“Based on the stewardship principle the precautionary principle must be”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan states that Sweden's rich mineral resources shall be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term, and that vulnerability shall be reduced by increased self-sufficiency in the new security climate.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan states that Sweden's rich mineral resources shall be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term, and that vulnerability shall be reduced by increased self-sufficiency in the new security climate. To assess the possibilities for sustainable extraction and extract more innovation-critical metals domestically instead of importing them is precisely that direction. The plan furthermore wants to simplify permitting processes for the transition industry.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att Sveriges rika mineraltillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och långsiktigt hållbart, och att sårbarheten ska minska genom ökad självförsörjningsgrad i det nya säkerhetsläget. Att genomlysa möjligheterna till hållbar utvinning och utvinna mer innovationskritiska metaller inhemskt i stället för att importera är precis den inriktningen. Planen vill dessutom förenkla tillståndsprocesserna för omställningsindustrin.

  • responsible mineral extractiondecisive»Våra rika mineraltillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och långsiktigt hållbart.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our rich mineral resources shall be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term.”
  • reduced vulnerability, increased self-sufficiency»Det nya säkerhetsläget i Europa gör att vi som land måste minska vår sårbarhet och öka vår självförsörjningsgrad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The new security climate in Europe means that we as a country must reduce our vulnerability and increase our self-sufficiency.”
  • continued extraction of minerals»Våra rika mineraltillgångar ska även fortsättningsvis kunna utvinnas på ett« (party programme ↗)“Our rich mineral resources shall continue to be extracted in”
  • simplified permitting processes»vi förkorta och förenkla tillståndsprocesser för industrier som satsar på omställning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“we shorten and simplify permitting processes for industries investing in transition”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants to increase the self-sufficiency rate for critical goods, make use of rural mineral values and make it easier to open mines.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to increase the self-sufficiency rate for critical goods, make use of rural mineral values and make it easier to open mines. The counter-proposal's demand for a review of sustainable extraction and more domestic extraction instead of import from countries with worse conditions therefore lies in the plan's direction. The plan also sees Swedish production as more environmentally efficient than imported, which strengthens the conclusion.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill öka självförsörjningsgraden av kritiska varor, ta tillvara landsbygdens mineralvärden och göra det enklare att öppna gruvor. Motförslagets krav på en genomlysning av hållbar utvinning och på mer inhemsk brytning i stället för import från länder med sämre villkor ligger därför i planens riktning. Planen ser också svensk produktion som mer miljöeffektiv än importerad, vilket stärker slutsatsen.

  • öppna fler gruvordecisive»Det behöver också bli enklare och gå snabbare att öppna gruvor för de mineraler som behövs för exempelvis tillverkning av batterier.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It also needs to become easier and faster to open mines for the minerals needed for, for example, battery manufacturing.”
  • ökad självförsörjning»Öka den svenska självförsörjningsgraden av kritiska produkter och varor« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase Sweden's self-sufficiency rate for critical products and goods”
  • bruka landsbygdens resurser»Sverige behöver en politik som tar till vara värdet ute i landsbygden och som gör det enklare att i kombination med en väl avvägd miljöhänsyn att skapa fler verksamheter, jobb och ökad tillväxt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs a policy that makes use of the value in the countryside and makes it easier to combine with well-balanced environmental considerations to create more activities, jobs and increased growth.”
  • industrin först»Prioritera svensk industri och konkurrenskraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Prioritize Swedish industry and competitiveness”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament