2025-05-142024/25:AU10 · p.1AULabour market

Gender Equality Policy Goals and Methods

The goals, definition and sub-goals of gender equality policy

What's at stake: How gender equality is defined and measured determines which policy measures are considered justified, such as quotas, schools' work against gender patterns, or regulation of domestic work. The choice between an outcome-based and a conditions-based approach therefore affects which tools are used and which groups are affected by future gender-equality measures.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the current definition of gender equality and the sub-goals of gender equality policy - which measure, among other things, an even distribution between the sexes in areas such as power, education and unpaid domestic work - should remain unchanged, or whether they should be fundamentally reformulated so the focus shifts from an even outcome between the sexes to equal conditions for the individual.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee rejects the motions. It shares the view that the gender-equality perspective must be broadly integrated into budget and legislative work and welcomes the government's continued work on gender mainstreaming, but unlike the motions sees no reason for a specific statement from parliament on this. The committee is not prepared to reconsider the current definition of gender equality or to dismantle the sub-goals of gender equality policy, positive differential treatment, or schools' work against traditional gender patterns.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 2 (SD)

The reservation (SD) calls for the government to establish a new definition of gender equality that shifts the focus from quantitative outcomes - such as the gender balance on boards or in workplaces - to ensuring that women and men have equivalent conditions to make free choices. The reservation calls for revising several sub-goals: less weight on quantitative measures of power and influence, schools not actively working against traditional gender patterns, and policy and law not governing how families divide unpaid domestic and care work.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 2 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

The decision would have gone the other way

Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: MModeraterna

Ja 147–64Nej 87–124

Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
SYesAbstain 0/1/92/13departs from the planconfidence: highexplicit
MPYesYes 15/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
CYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: mediumexplicit
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
MNoYes 60/0/0/8departs from the planagainst own programmeconfidence: highexplicit
SDown reservationNoNo 0/63/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Broke with the party line

SKadir Kasirga (S, Stockholms kommun)No — party line: Abstain

MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.

Committee proposal

Parliament rejects the motions 2024/25:204 by Josef Fransson (SD), 2024/25:1395 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) demand 42, 2024/25:1412 by Michael Rubbestad et al. (SD) demands 1, 2, 4, 5, 19 and 27, and 2024/25:3069 by Ardalan Shekarabi et al. (S) demand 4.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:204 av Josef Fransson (SD), 2024/25:1395 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkande 42, 2024/25:1412 av Michael Rubbestad m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1, 2, 4, 5, 19 och 27 samt 2024/25:3069 av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S) yrkande 4.

Riksdag decision: Parliament rejected approximately 60 proposals in motions about gender equality and anti-discrimination measures. Parliament refers mainly to ongoing work in this area. The proposals were submitted during the general motion period of 2024 and address, among other things, gender equality policy goals and methods, equality data, discrimination on various grounds, amendments to the Discrimination Act, and the activities of the Discrimination Ombudsman.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan is based on women's subordination being structural: women's work is valued lower, economic independence is weaker and schools need to work preventatively against destructive gender norms.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is based on women's subordination being structural: women's work is valued lower, economic independence is weaker and schools need to work preventatively against destructive gender norms. The counter-proposal instead wants to shift focus from outcomes to free choice, remove schools' task to oppose traditional gender patterns and prevent politics from steering the distribution of unpaid household work. The plan explicitly requires an individualized parental insurance and therefore speaks against the requirement.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger på att kvinnors underordning är strukturell: kvinnors arbete värderas lägre, den ekonomiska självständigheten är svagare och skolan behöver arbeta förebyggande mot destruktiva könsnormer. Motförslaget vill tvärtom flytta fokus från utfall till fria val, ta bort skolans uppdrag att motverka traditionella könsmönster och hindra politiken från att styra fördelningen av det obetalda hemarbetet. Planen kräver uttryckligen en individualiserad föräldraförsäkring och talar därför emot kravet.

  • individualized parental insurancedecisive»Vänsterpartiet vill se en individualiserad föräldraförsäkring, med« (party programme ↗)“The Left Party wants to see an individualized parental insurance, with”
  • schools' norm work»Skolor och förskolor behöver arbeta förebyggande mot destruktiva normer för att alla barn, oavsett kön, ska kunna leva fria.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Schools and pre-schools need to work preventatively against destructive norms so that all children, regardless of gender, can live freely.”
  • structural undervaluation of women's work»yrken än idag tydligt mans- eller kvinnodominerade och kvinnors arbete värderas generellt lägre än mäns« (party programme ↗)“professions than today are clearly male- or female-dominated and women's work is generally valued less than men's”
  • economic independence as goal»Starkare ekonomisk självständighet gör att var och en kan organisera« (party programme ↗)“Greater economic independence means that everyone can organize”
SSocialdemokraternaYesAbstaindeparts from the planexplicit

The party programme explicitly demands that the education sector works to break social and gender-based patterns, and that women and men evenly distribute unpaid housework.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly demands that the education sector works to break social and gender-based patterns, and that women and men evenly distribute unpaid housework. The counter-proposal instead wishes that the school not actively counteract traditional gender patterns and that politics not influence the distribution of housework. The analysis of gender power structures means the plan speaks against a redefinition that tones down the outcome.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet kräver uttryckligen att utbildningssektorn verkar för att de sociala och könsbundna mönstren bryts, och att kvinnor och män jämnt fördelar det obetalda hemarbetet. Motförslaget vill tvärtom att skolan inte aktivt ska motverka traditionella könsmönster och att politiken inte ska påverka fördelningen av hemarbetet. Analysen av könsmaktsordningen gör att planen talar emot en omdefiniering som tonar ned utfallet.

  • schools must break gender patternsdecisive»Därför måste höga krav ställas på hela utbildningssektorn att verka för att de« (party programme ↗)“High demands must therefore be placed on the entire education sector to work to break”
  • even distribution of housework»måste få möjlighet att ta lika ansvar för hem, familj och barn och att jämnt fördela det« (party programme ↗)“must be able to take equal responsibility for home, family and children and evenly distribute”
  • the gender power structure»En tydlig maktstruktur är det som kallas könsmaktsordningen, den systematiska över- och« (party programme ↗)“A clear power structure is what is called the gender power structure, the systematic over- and”
  • feminist party»Med denna grundsyn är socialdemokratin ett feministiskt parti.« (party programme ↗)“With this fundamental view, social democracy is a feminist party.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The counter-proposal wants schools no longer to actively counter traditional gender patterns and politics not to direct the distribution of unpaid housework.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants schools no longer to actively counter traditional gender patterns and politics not to direct the distribution of unpaid housework. The plan instead requires schools to actively work for gender equality, that preschool applies gender-aware pedagogy and that fathers' parental leave is doubled through earmarked days. The plan also defends quantitative tools such as gender quotas for corporate boards.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill att skolan inte längre aktivt ska motverka traditionella könsmönster och att politiken inte ska styra fördelningen av det obetalda hemarbetet. Planen kräver tvärtom att skolan arbetar aktivt för jämställdhet, att förskolan tillämpar genusmedveten pedagogik och att pappornas uttag av föräldraledighet dubbleras genom öronmärkta dagar. Planen försvarar dessutom kvantitativa verktyg som könskvotering till bolagsstyrelser.

  • schools' active gender equality workdecisive»Skolan ska arbeta aktivt för jämställdhet och lika« (party programme ↗)“Schools should actively work for gender equality and equal”
  • directed distribution of parental days»dubblera pappornas uttag av föräldraledighet — varje förälder ska ta ut minst en tredjedel av föräldradagarna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“double fathers' parental leave — each parent should take at least one third of the parental days.”
  • gender-aware pedagogy»Alla förskolor bör tillämpa en genusmedveten« (party programme ↗)“All preschools should apply gender-aware”
  • quantitative gender equality measures»Könskvotering till bolagsstyrelser behövs« (party programme ↗)“Gender quotas for corporate boards are needed”
CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan establishes that structures and norms that push girls and boys into narrow roles must be taken seriously and counteracted, which is the direct opposite of the requirement that schools should not actively counteract traditional gender patterns.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that structures and norms that push girls and boys into narrow roles must be taken seriously and counteracted, which is the direct opposite of the requirement that schools should not actively counteract traditional gender patterns. The plan furthermore wants to modernize parental insurance with a strengthened gender equality bonus, that is, precisely to steer toward equal responsibility for home and family. The plan thus speaks against the counter-proposal's redefinition.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att strukturer och normer som trycker ner flickor och pojkar i fack måste tas på allvar och motarbetas, vilket är raka motsatsen till kravet att skolan inte aktivt ska motverka traditionella könsmönster. Planen vill dessutom modernisera föräldraförsäkringen med en förstärkt jämställdhetsbonus, det vill säga just styra mot ett jämställt ansvar för hem och familj. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets omdefiniering.

  • counteract gender normsdecisive»Sådana strukturer och normer måste tas på allvar och motarbetas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Such structures and norms must be taken seriously and counteracted.”
  • steering toward equal usage»Vi vill modernisera föräldraförsäkringen så att fler kvinnor kan komma i arbete och göra karriär, bland annat genom att införa en kraftigt förstärkt jämställdhetsbonus.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to modernize parental insurance so that more women can enter the workforce and build careers, among other things by introducing a significantly strengthened gender equality bonus.”
  • equal responsibility in the home»ett jämställt ansvar för hem och familj.« (party programme ↗)“equal responsibility for home and family.”
  • gender equality is urgent»Vi kan inte låta jämställdhetsproblemen fortgå en mandatperiod till.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We cannot allow gender equality problems to continue for another term.”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan requires active work on gender issues throughout the education system and establishes that the shortage of women in business's highest positions is a power problem that cannot be accepted; both these commitments are ones the counter-proposal wants to downplay.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires active work on gender issues throughout the education system and establishes that the shortage of women in business's highest positions is a power problem that cannot be accepted; both these commitments are ones the counter-proposal wants to downplay. The plan also binds the party to three designated parental months per guardian, which is precisely the kind of steering the counter-proposal wants to avoid. The plan's principle that differences resulting from free choices shall not be equalized provides some support for the counter-proposal's redefinition, but weighs lighter than the explicit commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver aktivt arbete med genusfrågor genom hela utbildningssystemet och slår fast att bristen på kvinnor i näringslivets högsta positioner är ett maktproblem som inte kan accepteras; båda dessa åtaganden är sådana som motförslaget vill tona ned. Planen binder också partiet vid tre öronmärkta föräldramånader per vårdnadshavare, vilket är just den sortens styrning motförslaget vill undvika. Planens princip att skillnader som följer av fria val inte ska utjämnas ger visst stöd åt motförslagets omdefiniering, men väger lättare än de uttryckliga åtagandena.

  • active gender work in schoolsdecisive»genusfrågor för att flickor och pojkar ska möta likvärdiga förväntningar och få likvärdiga chanser.« (party programme ↗)“gender issues so that girls and boys meet equivalent expectations and get equivalent chances.”
  • women in power positions»Bristen på kvinnor i näringslivets högsta positioner är ett betydande maktproblem som inte kan« (party programme ↗)“The shortage of women in business's highest positions is a significant power problem that cannot”
  • designated parental months»Tre månader ska vara öronmärkta åt varje vårdnadshavare.« (party programme ↗)“Three months shall be designated for each guardian.”
  • free choices shall not be equalized»följer av människors fria val ska inte utjämnas av politiker.« (party programme ↗)“resulting from people's free choices shall not be equalized by politicians.”
KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme's own definition is that gender equality means people regardless of gender have power to shape their lives according to their own wishes and that women and men shall have equal conditions - thus conditions rather than quantitative outcome.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme's own definition is that gender equality means people regardless of gender have power to shape their lives according to their own wishes and that women and men shall have equal conditions - thus conditions rather than quantitative outcome. The plan also requires that the public through legislation respects the family's sphere, which speaks against politics and law directing families' distribution of unpaid work. That gender equality work in the education system is still important qualifies the part on school's work.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammets egen definition är att jämställdhet innebär att människor oavsett kön har makt att forma sitt liv utifrån sina egna önskemål och att kvinnor och män ska ha likvärdiga förutsättningar - alltså förutsättningar snarare än kvantitativt utfall. Planen kräver dessutom att det offentliga genom lagstiftning respekterar familjens sfär, vilket talar mot att politik och lag styr familjers fördelning av det obetalda arbetet. Att jämställdhetsarbetet i utbildningsväsendet ändå är viktigt kvalificerar delen om skolans arbete.

  • power to shape one's own lifedecisive»Jämställdhet är att människor, oavsett kön, har makt att forma sitt liv utifrån sina egna önskemål.« (party programme ↗)“Gender equality is that people, regardless of gender, have power to shape their lives according to their own wishes.”
  • equal conditions, not outcomes»Kvinnor och män ska ha likvärdiga förutsättningar och villkor för att kunna utveckla sin fulla potential.« (party programme ↗)“Women and men shall have equal conditions and circumstances to be able to develop their full potential.”
  • respect for family's sphere»Genom lagstiftning ska det offentliga respektera familjens sfär och rättigheter.« (party programme ↗)“Through legislation the public shall respect the family's sphere and rights.”
  • gender equality work in school»Jämställdhetsarbetet i hela utbildningsväsendet är viktigt, särskilt i de tidiga åldrarna.« (party programme ↗)“Gender equality work in the entire education system is important, especially in the early years.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planexplicit

The plan explicitly establishes that both the goal and the means of equality policy are expanded life chances, not demands for exact or static outcomes, and that life shall be determined by the choices one makes as an individual.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan explicitly establishes that both the goal and the means of equality policy are expanded life chances, not demands for exact or static outcomes, and that life shall be determined by the choices one makes as an individual. The counter-proposal's demand for a definition that starts from equal conditions for free choices instead of quantitative outcome targets is thus the plan's own line, as is that politics shall not direct families' internal distribution. The plan therefore supports the demand.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår uttryckligen fast att både målet och medlet i jämställdhetspolitiken är större livschanser, inte krav på exakta eller statiska utfall, och att livet ska bestämmas av de val man gör som individ. Motförslagets krav på en definition som utgår från likvärdiga förutsättningar för fria val i stället för kvantitativa utfallsmått är därmed planens egen linje, liksom att politiken inte ska styra familjers inbördes fördelning. Planen stöder därför kravet.

  • life chances not outcome quotasdecisive»och medlet är större livschanser, inte krav på exakta eller« (party programme ↗)“and the means are expanded life chances, not demands for exact or”
  • individual's free choices»de val man gör som individ« (party programme ↗)“the choices one makes as an individual”
  • flexibility without political governance»Öka flexibiliteten i föräldraförsäkringen och göra fler dagar till dubbeldagar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase flexibility in parental insurance and make more days into double days”
  • rights belong to individuals»Fri- och rättigheter tillhör individer och aldrig« (party programme ↗)“Freedoms and rights belong to individuals and never”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the planexplicit

The plan states that true gender equality is not achieved through political measures for equal outcomes at group level, that each individual should be free to form their life without the state controlling their choices, and that it is equally wrong to force men and women to make the same choices as to limit someone based on gender.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan states that true gender equality is not achieved through political measures for equal outcomes at group level, that each individual should be free to form their life without the state controlling their choices, and that it is equally wrong to force men and women to make the same choices as to limit someone based on gender. The counter-proposal's redefinition toward equal conditions for free choices, less weight on quantitative measures and less political direction of families' division of labor aligns with this.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att riktig jämställdhet inte nås genom politiska åtgärder för lika utfall på gruppnivå, att varje individ ska stå fri att forma sitt liv utan att det offentliga styr valen och att det är lika fel att påtvinga män och kvinnor samma val som att begränsa någon utifrån kön. Motförslagets omdefiniering mot likvärdiga förutsättningar för fria val, mindre vikt vid kvantitativa mått och mindre politisk styrning av familjernas arbetsfördelning sammanfaller med detta.

  • outcomes should not be politically controlleddecisive»Riktig jämställdhet nås inte genom att vidta politiska åtgärder för att på gruppnivå skapa samma utfall mellan män och kvinnor, utan genom att ta krafttag mot samhällsfenomen som begränsar den enskilde.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“True equality is not achieved through political measures to create the same outcomes between men and women at group level, but through taking decisive action against social phenomena that limit the individual.”
  • free choice without state control»Varje individ ska stå fri att göra sina egna val och forma sina egna liv, utan att det offentliga ska styra dessa val.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Every individual shall be free to make their own choices and form their own lives, without the state controlling these choices.”
  • no forced uniformity»Men lika fel som det är att begränsa någons möjligheter utifrån kön är det att påtvinga män och kvinnor att göra samma val.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“But equally wrong as it is to limit someone's opportunities based on gender is it to force men and women to make the same choices.”
  • no reserved months»Föräldraförsäkringen ska vara flexibel och familjevänlig och reserverade månader ska bort.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Parental insurance shall be flexible and family-friendly and reserved months should be removed.”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament