2026-02-172025/26:SoU13 · p.8SoUHealth & social services

Effects of Drug Legislation on the Number of Substance Abusers, etc.

Inquiry into the effects of criminalization on drug use

What's at stake: The question concerns whether making personal drug use itself a criminal offence — rather than the drugs themselves — contributes to stigmatization and worse health for people with addiction, or whether continued criminalization of personal use is necessary for the goal of a drug-free society. The outcome directly affects people living with substance abuse and addiction.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The motion demanded that the government set up an inquiry into how the criminalization of personal drug use has affected the number of users and their health, while the committee held that the issue should not be handled separately since the continued drug policy is already being prepared as part of a broader process.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee rejects the motion, pointing out that the continued drug policy, including matters relating to the drug policy inquiry's proposals, is already being prepared within the Government Offices, and that the Riksdag should not preempt that work through a separate inquiry.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 13 (V, MP)

The reserving parties (V, MP) want the government to set up an inquiry analyzing how the criminalization of personal use has affected the number of users and their quality of life and health, and hold that drugs should remain illegal but that being under the influence of drugs should be decriminalized in order to counter a repressive view of people with addiction.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 13 by V, MP.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/19/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SYesYes 92/0/0/14follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPown reservationNoNo 0/16/0/2follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
KDYesYes 17/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
MYesYes 59/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDYesYes 62/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motion 2025/26:2799 by Karin Rågsjö et al. (V) claim 8.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2025/26:2799 av Karin Rågsjö m.fl. (V) yrkande 8.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected 120 proposals on alcohol, drugs, doping, tobacco and gambling in motions from the regular motion period 2025. The proposals address ANDTS policy (Alcohol, Narcotics, Doping, Tobacco and Gambling), which includes, among other things, alcohol issues, drug issues, and tobacco and nicotine issues. The Riksdag refers mainly to ongoing work.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan's overriding commitment is that people who have become trapped in substance abuse shall receive the care they need and be treated with respect, and that sentences shall be carefully designed to actually reduce crime.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's overriding commitment is that people who have become trapped in substance abuse shall receive the care they need and be treated with respect, and that sentences shall be carefully designed to actually reduce crime. An investigation of how criminalization of personal use affects the number of users and their health, with maintained prohibition but decriminalized use, follows from that stance. The plan is also critical of repression as a substitute for tackling problems seriously.

Original (Swedish)

Planens avgörande åtagande är att människor som fastnat i missbruk ska få den vård de behöver och behandlas med respekt, och att straff ska vara noggrant utformade för att faktiskt sänka brottsligheten. En utredning av hur straffbarheten för eget bruk påverkar antalet brukare och deras hälsa, med bibehållet förbud men avkriminaliserat bruk, följer av den hållningen. Planen är också kritisk mot repression som ersättning för att angripa problemen på allvar.

  • care before punishmentdecisive»Människor som fastnat i missbruk ska ha tillgång till den vård« (party programme ↗)“People who have become trapped in substance abuse shall have access to the care”
  • criticism of repression»Alltför ofta lyfts repression och hårdare tag upp som lösningar istället för att ta itu med problemen på allvar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Too often repression and harder measures are put forward as solutions instead of tackling the problems seriously.”
  • sentences should reduce crime»Straff och andra påföljder för brott behöver vara noggrant« (party programme ↗)“Sentences and other penalties for crimes need to be carefully”
  • the vulnerable are hit hardest»Droganvändningen är jämt fördelad över alla samhällsklasser men det är de mest utsatta i samhället som drabbas hårdast.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Drug use is evenly distributed across all social classes but it is the most vulnerable in society who are hit hardest.”
SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan maintains a consistently restrictive line against narcotics: measures against imports and forceful combating of organized crime fuelled by narcotics, with punishments in proportion to the seriousness of the crimes.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan maintains a consistently restrictive line against narcotics: measures against imports and forceful combating of organized crime fuelled by narcotics, with punishments in proportion to the seriousness of the crimes. The plan nowhere opens for decriminalization of use or intoxication. The counter-proposal's demand for decriminalization thus goes against the plan, although the plan's emphasis on care and rehabilitation pulls in the other direction.

Original (Swedish)

Planen håller en genomgående restriktiv linje mot narkotika: krafttag mot införseln och kraftfullt bekämpande av den organiserade brottslighet som narkotikan göder, med straff i paritet med brottens allvar. Ingenstans öppnar planen för att avkriminalisera bruk eller påverkan. Motförslagets krav på avkriminalisering går därför emot planen, även om planens betoning av vård och rehabilitering drar åt andra hållet.

  • restrictive drugs linedecisive»Vi vill ta krafttag mot införsel av vapen och narkotika, bland annat genom stärkt gränskontroll.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to take measures against imports of weapons and narcotics, including through strengthened border control.”
  • combat organized crime»Kraftfullt bekämpande av organiserad kriminell verksamhet.« (party programme ↗)“Forceful combating of organized criminal activity.”
  • punishments proportional to the crime»Straff i paritet med brottens allvar.« (party programme ↗)“Punishments in proportion to the seriousness of crimes.”
  • care and rehabilitation»Fokus på rehabilitering och återgång i samhället.« (party programme ↗)“Focus on rehabilitation and reintegration into society.”
MPMiljöpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan wants a drug policy built on harm reduction, science and proven experience with focus on reducing harm and saving lives rather than meeting addiction with punishment.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants a drug policy built on harm reduction, science and proven experience with focus on reducing harm and saving lives rather than meeting addiction with punishment. Investigating how the criminality of personal use affects the number of users and their health, and decriminalising the effects themselves, aligns with that direction. The plan is also principally liberal in its view of state intervention against individuals.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill ha en narkotikapolitik byggd på skademinimering, vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet med fokus på att minska skador och rädda liv snarare än att möta beroende med straff. Att utreda hur straffbarheten av eget bruk påverkar antalet brukare och deras hälsa, och att avkriminalisera själva påverkan, ligger i linje med den inriktningen. Planen är också principiellt frihetlig i synen på statens ingripanden mot enskilda.

  • harm reduction as foundationdecisive»En effektiv narkotikapolitik måste kombinera förebyggande arbete med skademinimering« (party programme ↗)“An effective drug policy must combine preventive work with harm reduction”
  • scientifically grounded policy»beroendevård som bygger på vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet« (party programme ↗)“addiction care built on science and proven experience”
  • save lives before repression»fokus ligger på att minska skador, rädda liv och stärka vägen till återhämtning.« (party programme ↗)“focus lies on reducing harm, saving lives and strengthening the path to recovery.”
  • liberal basic stance»Miljöpartiet är ett frihetligt parti.« (party programme ↗)“The Greens are a liberal party.”
CCenterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The documents say nothing about criminal liability for personal use, but the party programme treats substance abuse as a matter of support, influence and rehabilitation rather than repression, and criminal policy should promote a new life situation without crime.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The documents say nothing about criminal liability for personal use, but the party programme treats substance abuse as a matter of support, influence and rehabilitation rather than repression, and criminal policy should promote a new life situation without crime. Together with the liberal harm model this speaks for the counter-proposal's investigation of how criminal liability affects users' health and quality of life. The conclusion is derived and therefore uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Dokumenten säger inget om straffbarheten för eget bruk, men partiprogrammet behandlar missbruk som en fråga om stöd, inflytande och rehabilitering snarare än om repression, och kriminalpolitiken ska stimulera till en ny livssituation utan brottslighet. Tillsammans med den frihetliga skademodellen talar detta för motförslagets utredning av hur straffbarheten påverkar brukarnas hälsa och livskvalitet. Slutsatsen är härledd och därför osäker.

  • care perspective on addictiondecisive»psykisk ohälsa eller missbruksproblem måste ha inflytande över sitt liv och få det stöd som behövs« (party programme ↗)“mental illness or substance abuse problems must have influence over their lives and receive the support they need”
  • rehabilitative criminal policy»Kriminalpolitiken ska därför både förebygga och avskräcka från brott, stödja brottsdrabbade och stimulera dem som har begått olagliga handlingar till en ny livssituation utan brottslighet.« (party programme ↗)“Criminal policy should therefore both prevent and deter crime, support crime victims and promote those who have committed illegal acts to a new life situation without crime.”
  • freedom's harm model»En människas frihet kan i grunden endast begränsas av hänsyn till andra människors lika rätt till frihet.« (party programme ↗)“A person's freedom can fundamentally only be limited by consideration for other people's equal right to freedom.”
  • preventive public health perspective»En förutsättning för en hållbar välfärd är ett förebyggande förhållningssätt.« (party programme ↗)“A prerequisite for sustainable welfare is a preventive approach.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The party programme explicitly establishes that use of drugs shall be criminalized to deter drug debut, and that zero tolerance shall prevail in all respects of handling.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly establishes that use of drugs shall be criminalized to deter drug debut, and that zero tolerance shall prevail in all respects of handling. The counter-proposal's requirement that it shall be lawful to be under the influence thus contradicts the plan in substance. That the plan simultaneously wants to investigate drug policy in its entirety and depart from a harm reduction principle does not change the stance toward decriminalization.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår uttryckligen fast att användning av narkotika ska vara kriminaliserad för att avhålla från narkotikadebut, och att nolltolerans ska råda i alla led av hanteringen. Motförslagets krav på att det ska vara straffritt att vara påverkad går därmed emot planen i sak. Att planen samtidigt vill utreda narkotikapolitiken i sin helhet och utgå från en skadelindringsprincip ändrar inte hållningen till avkriminalisering.

  • criminalized personal usedecisive»För att avhålla från narkotikadebut ska användning vara kriminaliserad.« (party programme ↗)“To deter drug debut, use shall be criminalized.”
  • zero tolerance in all respects»Nolltolerans ska råda mot narkotika i alla led av hanteringen.« (party programme ↗)“Zero tolerance shall prevail against drugs in all respects of handling.”
  • investigate drug policy»Mot bakgrund av Sveriges höga narkotikadödlighet och problem med gängbrottslighet vill Liberalerna dock att den svenska narkotikapolitiken utreds i sin helhet.« (party programme ↗)“Against the background of Sweden's high drug mortality and problems with gang crime, the Liberals, however, want Swedish drug policy to be investigated in its entirety.”
  • the harm reduction principle»Politiken ska utgå från en skadelindringsprincip.« (party programme ↗)“Policy shall depart from a harm reduction principle.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The party programme explicitly states that all non-medical possession and use of drugs shall be prohibited and the goal is a drug-free society.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly states that all non-medical possession and use of drugs shall be prohibited and the goal is a drug-free society. The counter-proposal wants to decriminalize being under the influence of drugs, which is the direct opposite of that commitment. The plan also requires that all crimes are prosecuted without exception, while it wants to meet addiction with care aimed at drug freedom rather than with less repression.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet säger uttryckligen att allt ickemedicinskt innehav och bruk av narkotika ska vara förbjudet och att målet är ett narkotikafritt samhälle. Motförslaget vill avkriminalisera att vara påverkad av narkotika, vilket är raka motsatsen till det åtagandet. Planen kräver dessutom att alla brott beivras utan undantag, samtidigt som den vill möta beroende med vård inriktad på drogfrihet snarare än med mindre repression.

  • all non-medical use prohibiteddecisive»Allt ickemedicinskt innehav och bruk av narkotika ska vara förbjudet.« (party programme ↗)“All non-medical possession and use of drugs shall be prohibited.”
  • drug-free society»Målet med narkotikapolitiken ska vara ett narkotikafritt samhälle.« (party programme ↗)“The goal of drug policy shall be a drug-free society.”
  • all crimes shall be prosecuted»Alla brott ska effektivt och utan undantag beivras, också sådana som kan avfärdas som smärre brott och förseelser.« (party programme ↗)“All crimes shall be effectively and without exception prosecuted, also those that can be dismissed as minor crimes and offences.”
  • care aimed at drug freedom»Missbruks och beroendevård ska inriktas på att bryta beroendet och ge förutsättningar för en ny drogfri livsstil.« (party programme ↗)“Abuse and addiction care shall be aimed at breaking the addiction and providing conditions for a new drug-free lifestyle.”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The counter-proposal's substantive core is that it should be decriminalized to be under the influence of narcotics.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal's substantive core is that it should be decriminalized to be under the influence of narcotics. The plan's line is the opposite: specialized narcotics police shall be reintroduced and the justice system shall emphasize the individual's responsibility for their actions already from a young age. The plan responds to substance abuse with expanded substance abuse care within a major crime prevention package, not with reduced penalties.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslagets sakliga kärna är att det ska avkriminaliseras att vara påverkad av narkotika. Planens linje är den motsatta: specialiserade narkotikapoliser ska återinföras och rättssystemet ska inskärpa den enskildes ansvar för sina handlingar redan från unga år. Planen svarar på missbruk med utbyggd missbruksvård inom ett stort brottsförebyggande paket, inte med lättade påföljder.

  • restrictive drug policydecisive»Återinföra de specialiserade narkotikapoliserna« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reintroduce the specialized narcotics police”
  • personal responsibility for actions»skolan och socialtjänsten ska inskärpa den enskildes ansvar« (party programme ↗)“schools and social services shall emphasize the individual's responsibility”
  • substance abuse care as response»Det handlar om över 50 reformer för att stärka socialtjänst, skola och missbruksvård.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is about over 50 reforms to strengthen social services, schools and substance abuse care.”
  • tangible consequences»stränga straff och kännbara skadestånd.« (party programme ↗)“severe punishments and tangible damages.”
SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The counter-proposal wants to decriminalize being under the influence of drugs and investigate the effects of criminal sanctions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants to decriminalize being under the influence of drugs and investigate the effects of criminal sanctions. The plan's central criminal policy commitment is the opposite: policy should be reorganized around zero tolerance and incapacitation, even minor crimes should be investigated and prosecuted, and sentences should be substantially increased. The plan explicitly rejects that crimes are explained away. Therefore, the plan argues against the counter-proposal's demands.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill avkriminalisera att vara påverkad av narkotika och utreda straffbarhetens effekter. Planens bärande kriminalpolitiska åtagande är motsatt: politiken ska läggas om till nolltolerans och inkapacitering, även mindre allvarliga brott ska utredas och lagföras, och straffen ska höjas kraftigt. Planen avvisar uttryckligen att brott bortförklaras. Därför talar planen emot motförslagets krav.

  • zero tolerance as foundationdecisive»Sveriges kriminalpolitik behöver helt läggas om för att bygga på nolltolerans och inkapacitering.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden's criminal policy needs to be completely reorganized to be based on zero tolerance and incapacitation.”
  • even minor crimes prosecuted»Införa nolltolerans mot brott så att även mindre allvarliga brott utreds och lagförs« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce zero tolerance for crime so that even minor crimes are investigated and prosecuted”
  • toughened sentences»Kraftigt höja straffen samt avskaffa mängdrabatten vid allvarliga brott mot person« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Substantially increase sentences and abolish sentence mitigation for serious crimes against persons”
  • no explaining away crimes»Istället för att bortförklara brott och rikta fokus mot förebyggande integrationsåtgärder som inte visat sig fungera, är det hög tid att lägga om den kriminalpolitiska inriktningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Instead of explaining away crimes and focusing on preventive integration measures that have not worked, it is high time to reorganize the criminal policy direction.”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament