2026-03-042025/26:FöU7 · p.3FöUDefence
Leadership during heightened readiness
Command and mandates during heightened alert
What's at stake: In crisis and war, clear mandates and fast decision paths determine how effectively Sweden can act. Unclear roles between agencies, county administrative boards and municipalities risk delaying important decisions.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
At issue is whether the current system of sector-responsible authorities is sufficient for clear command during heightened alert, or whether parliament should now demand clearer mandates for decisions and leadership at all levels.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee agrees that today's division of authorities into sectors provides a workable platform for planning and managing crises, heightened alert and war, but that the roles and mandates of sector-responsible authorities and county administrative boards need to be strengthened. It sees no grounds at present for further measures beyond the ongoing reform development and therefore rejects the motion.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 2 (C)
The reservation holds that the ability to exercise command in total defence, and to make decisions in uncertain situations, needs to be developed at every level – from municipal crisis staffs to the government. Governance of peacetime crisis preparedness needs to be clearer and connected to the total-defence perspective, with mandates that are known and rehearsed in advance, and the reservation wants the Riksdag to instruct the government on the need for clear mandates for decisions and command.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 2 by C.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SDSverigedemokraterna
Ja 282–21Ja 221–82
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 19/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 15/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| C | No | No 0/21/0/3 | match | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | No | Yes 61/0/0/10 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motion 2025/26:2822 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) motion 43.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motion 2025/26:2822 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 43.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag has considered a communication from the government. It concerns the National Audit Office's report on government management of civil defence construction. The National Audit Office's overall assessment is that the government's management of civil defence construction was not sufficiently effective during the period reviewed, 2015–2024. Over the past two years, the Riksdag has studied the civil defence area in depth with regard to performance monitoring. The observations that the Riksdag has made during this time are consistent with the National Audit Office's assessment. However, the Riksdag agrees that management and monitoring have improved significantly and welcomes the government's intention to continue working to strengthen both management and monitoring in the field. The Riksdag places the communication on file, which means the matter is closed. The Riksdag also rejected 14 proposals in motions from the general motion session of 2025. The proposals concern, among other things, civil defence, what tasks the Agency for Civil Defence and Readiness (formerly the Agency for Societal Security and Preparedness) should have, and state responsibility for rescue services.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to present proposals for implementing the investigation on municipalities' and regions' preparedness for crisis and war. (C) — Reservation 2
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan wants to see a modern total defence with broad capability to meet various types of crises and requires that defence and police roles are clearly embedded in democratic structures with functioning accountability.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to see a modern total defence with broad capability to meet various types of crises and requires that defence and police roles are clearly embedded in democratic structures with functioning accountability. Clearer, more regulated management of crisis preparedness with mandates that are known and exercised in advance addresses both these demands. The plan says nothing about the sector division as such, so the conclusion is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill se ett modernt totalförsvar med bred förmåga att möta olika slags kriser och kräver att försvarets och polisens roller är tydligt inordnade i demokratiska strukturer med fungerande ansvarsutkrävande. Tydligare, mer reglerad styrning av krisberedskapen med mandat som är kända och övade i förväg svarar mot båda dessa krav. Planen säger inget om sektorsindelningen som sådan, varför slutsatsen är härledd.
- broad crisis capabilitydecisive»bred förmåga att möta olika former av kriser Sverige kan ställas inför.« (party programme ↗)“broad capability to meet various forms of crises Sweden can face.”
- democratic management of defence»vara tydligt inordnade i demokratiska strukturer.« (party programme ↗)“be clearly embedded in democratic structures.”
- modern total defence»Vi vill se ett modernt totalförsvar byggt på allmän värnplikt, med en« (party programme ↗)“We want to see a modern total defence built on general military service, with”
- resources to municipalities»Omfördelningen från stat till region och kommun måste öka och särskild hänsyn ska tas till de många kommuner och regioner som idag inte får ihop sin ekonomi« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The redistribution from state to region and municipality must increase and special consideration shall be given to the many municipalities and regions that today cannot balance their finances”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires a strengthened civil defence and strong resilience throughout society, built jointly from the municipalities upward in a folkförsvar (Sweden's civil defence system).
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires a strengthened civil defence and strong resilience throughout society, built jointly from the municipalities upward in a folkförsvar (Sweden's civil defence system). Developing leadership capacity at all levels and linking peacetime crisis preparedness with total defence follows from these commitments. The plan, however, says nothing about mandate and regulatory technique.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver ett upprustat civilt försvar och en stark motståndskraft i hela samhället, byggd gemensamt från kommunerna och uppåt i ett folkförsvar. Att utveckla ledningsförmågan på alla nivåer och binda samman den fredstida krisberedskapen med totalförsvaret följer av dessa åtaganden. Planen säger dock inget om mandat och regleringsteknik.
- strengthened civil defencedecisive»Rusta upp det civila försvaret.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen civil defence.”
- joint resilience»Samhällets motståndskraft byggs bäst tillsammans, eftersom det är så den gemensamma« (party programme ↗)“Society's resilience is best built together, since that is how the joint”
- strong civil preparedness»Stark motståndskraft i hela samhället genom betydande militär förmåga, stark svensk« (party programme ↗)“Strong resilience throughout society through significant military capacity, strong Swedish”
- civil defence»Svenskt folkförsvar med utbyggd värn- och civilplikt.« (party programme ↗)“Swedish civil defence with expanded military and civilian service obligations.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan demands that civil defence is strengthened so that crisis preparedness can meet different types of threats, and that the division of responsibility between the state, municipalities and other actors is clarified.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan demands that civil defence is strengthened so that crisis preparedness can meet different types of threats, and that the division of responsibility between the state, municipalities and other actors is clarified. The election manifesto wants to allocate a larger share of defence spending to civil defence and prepare Sweden based on lessons from recent crises. Clearer and more coherent leadership and direction from municipalities' crisis management bodies up to political level follows from this.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att det civila försvaret stärks så att krisberedskapen klarar olika typer av hot, och att ansvarsfördelningen mellan stat, kommuner och andra aktörer tydliggörs. Valmanifestet vill lägga en större andel av försvarets pengar på civilt försvar och rusta Sverige efter lärdomarna av de senaste årens kriser. Tydligare och mer sammanhängande ledning och styrning från kommunernas krisstaber upp till politisk nivå följer av detta.
- strengthened civil defencedecisive»Därför måste det civila försvaret stärkas, så att både Sveriges och EU:s krisberedskap är rustade för att kunna möta olika typer av hot.« (party programme ↗)“Therefore civil defence must be strengthened, so that both Sweden's and the EU's crisis preparedness is prepared to meet different types of threats.”
- clear division of responsibility»Vi vill tydliggöra ansvarsfördelningen mellan stat, kommuner och andra aktörer, och se« (party programme ↗)“We want to clarify the division of responsibility between the state, municipalities and other actors, and see”
- resources for civil defence»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“allocate a larger share of defence spending to civil defence, and increase allocations to crisis preparedness.”
- lessons from previous crises»Vi har lärt oss mycket av de senaste årens kriser och nu ska vi rusta Sverige för att stå starkt oavsett vad som händer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We have learned much from recent crises and now we must prepare Sweden to stand strong no matter what happens.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that Sweden's total defence is strengthened and that civil defence and society's preparedness are built up for war and crisis, and that defence capability is adapted to new threats.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that Sweden's total defence is strengthened and that civil defence and society's preparedness are built up for war and crisis, and that defence capability is adapted to new threats. Developing leadership and decision-making capability at all levels and linking the management of peacetime crisis preparedness to total defence is a direct application of that. The plan says nothing about sectoral division, so the stance is derived from the preparedness commitments.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att Sveriges totalförsvar rustas och att civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap byggs upp inför krig och kris, samt att försvarsförmågan anpassas efter nya hot. Att utveckla lednings- och beslutsförmågan på alla nivåer och koppla styrningen av fredstida krisberedskap till totalförsvaret är en direkt tillämpning av det. Planen säger inget om sektorsindelningen, varför ställningstagandet härleds ur beredskapsåtagandena.
- strengthen civil preparednessdecisive»Även det civila försvaret är livsviktigt. Vi måste rusta civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap inför krig och kris.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Civil defence too is vital. We must strengthen civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis.”
- strengthened total defence»Vi behöver rusta Sveriges totalförsvar, stärka hela rättskedjan, satsa på förebyggande insatser och en likvärdig skola.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We need to strengthen Sweden's total defence, strengthen the entire chain of accountability, invest in preventive measures and an equal school.”
- adaptation to new threats»Därför måste vi också anpassa vår försvarsförmåga efter nya hot mot landet.« (party programme ↗)“Therefore we must also adapt our defence capability to new threats to the country.”
- strengthened civil preparedness»Centerpartiet vill rusta försvaret, stärka Sveriges civila beredskap och fullfölja inträdet i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party wants to strengthen defence, strengthen Sweden's civil preparedness and complete NATO membership.”
Worldstate weighed in: Israel's and USA's attacks on Iran and deteriorating security situation — increases the importance of practiced and clear leadership in total defence
The plan requires that total defence is strengthened significantly in the most difficult security situation since the Second World War and that civil defence is expanded at the same pace as the military.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that total defence is strengthened significantly in the most difficult security situation since the Second World War and that civil defence is expanded at the same pace as the military. Clearer, more regulated, and practiced leadership from municipalities' crisis management boards to political leadership is a prerequisite for that capability. The plan also wants the state to take greater responsibility for preparedness planning, which supports the counter-proposal's demand.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att totalförsvaret stärks kraftigt i det svåraste säkerhetsläget sedan andra världskriget och att det civila försvaret byggs ut i samma takt som det militära. En tydligare, mer reglerad och övad ledning från kommunernas krisstaber till den politiska ledningen är en förutsättning för den förmågan. Planen vill också att staten tar ett större ansvar för beredskapens planering, vilket stöder motförslagets krav.
- significantly strengthened total defencedecisive»I ett säkerhetspolitiskt läge som är det svåraste sedan andra världskrigets slut behöver Sveriges totalförsvar stärkas kraftigt.« (party programme ↗)“In a security policy situation that is the most difficult since the end of the Second World War, Sweden's total defence needs to be strengthened significantly.”
- civil defence in pace with military»Antalet anställda och värnpliktiga i krigsorganisationen ska öka, ny materiel tillföras och det civila försvaret stärkas i samma takt som det militära.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The number of employees and conscripts in the war organization shall increase, new equipment be provided, and civil defence strengthened at the same pace as the military.”
- state responsibility for preparedness»Staten ska ta ett större ansvar för sjukvårdens strategiska planering, placering av högspecialiserad vård, beredskap och långsiktig kompetensförsörjning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The state shall take greater responsibility for strategic planning in healthcare, placement of highly specialized care, preparedness, and long-term competence supply.”
- defence's main task»Det svenska försvarets huvuduppgift, att försvara Sveriges territorium och dess befolkning, ska vara avgörande för hur försvaret utformas.« (party programme ↗)“The main task of the Swedish defence, to defend Sweden's territory and its population, shall be decisive for how defence is shaped.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that the collective total defense has sufficient resources and that it is capable of maintaining readiness for disasters and other severe strain, and that crises are met with all of politics' preventive possibilities.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that the collective total defense has sufficient resources and that it is capable of maintaining readiness for disasters and other severe strain, and that crises are met with all of politics' preventive possibilities. That leadership capability and mandate are known and practiced in advance is a prerequisite for this. The principle of subsidiarity also requires clear responsibility distribution between levels.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att det samlade totalförsvaret har tillräckliga resurser och att det förmår upprätthålla beredskap för katastrofer och andra svåra påfrestningar, samt att kriser möts med politikens alla preventiva möjligheter. Att ledningsförmåga och mandat är kända och övade i förväg är en förutsättning för detta. Subsidiaritetsprincipen kräver dessutom en tydlig ansvarsfördelning mellan nivåerna.
- a collective total defensedecisive»Det samlade totalförsvaret måste ha tillräckliga resurser för att kunna garantera« (party programme ↗)“The collective total defense must have sufficient resources to be able to guarantee”
- readiness for severe strain»delta i hanteringen av katastrofer och andra svåra påfrestningar i samhället samt att delta i« (party programme ↗)“participate in the management of disasters and other severe strain in society as well as participate in”
- preventive crisis management»Kriser måste mötas med politikens alla preventiva möjligheter.« (party programme ↗)“Crises must be met with all of politics' preventive possibilities.”
- clear responsibility distribution between levels»inte på ett ändamålsenligt sätt klarar av ska de större gemenskaperna ta ansvar för.« (party programme ↗)“not in an appropriate way are capable of shall the larger communities take responsibility for.”
Worldstate weighed in: Israel's and USA's attacks on Iran and worsened security situation — sharpens the requirement for practiced leadership capability during raised alert
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The counter-proposal wants to develop management and decision-making capacity in total defence and make the governance of crisis preparedness clearer and more coherent with total defence.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal wants to develop management and decision-making capacity in total defence and make the governance of crisis preparedness clearer and more coherent with total defence. The plan promises a national security council at the Prime Minister's Office and secured long-term planning for civil defence, based on the premise that military defence cannot perform its tasks if civil defence does not function. The demand thereby aligns with the plan's total defence commitments.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslaget vill utveckla lednings- och beslutsförmågan i totalförsvaret och göra styrningen av krisberedskapen tydligare och mer sammanhängande med totalförsvaret. Planen lovar ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen och en säkrad långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret, med utgångspunkten att det militära försvaret inte kan lösa sina uppgifter om det civila inte fungerar. Kravet ligger därmed i linje med planens totalförsvarsåtaganden.
- unified crisis leadershipdecisive»Inrätta ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Establish a national security council at the Prime Minister's Office”
- coherent total defence»Fungerar inte det civila försvaret så kan inte heller det militära försvaret lösa sina uppgifter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If civil defence does not function, neither can military defence perform its tasks.”
- long-term emergency preparedness governance»Säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Secure long-term planning for civil defence”
- strong civil defence»Tryggheten i Sverige förutsätter också ett starkt civilförsvar« (party programme ↗)“Security in Sweden also presupposes a strong civil defence”
Worldstate weighed in: Israel's and the US's attacks on Iran and deteriorated security situation — increases the importance of exercised mandates and clear leadership during heightened alert
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that special legislation be drawn up for how a crisis organization shall coordinate society's efforts and how emergency measures can quickly be implemented, which is exactly the counter-proposal's demand for clearer and more regulated management with known mandates.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that special legislation be drawn up for how a crisis organization shall coordinate society's efforts and how emergency measures can quickly be implemented, which is exactly the counter-proposal's demand for clearer and more regulated management with known mandates. The plan also wants to strengthen operational crisis management capacity at all levels, from the Prime Minister's Office to municipalities. That this should be linked to the reestablishment of total defence follows from the plan's goal to reestablish total defence.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att särskild lagstiftning tas fram för hur en krisorganisation ska samordna samhällets insatser och hur undantagsåtgärder snabbt ska kunna sättas in, vilket är precis motförslagets krav på en tydligare och mer reglerad styrning med kända mandat. Planen vill också stärka den operativa krisledningsförmågan på alla nivåer, från Regeringskansliet till kommunerna. Att detta ska hänga samman med totalförsvaret följer av planens mål att återupprätta totalförsvaret.
- regulated crisis managementdecisive»Särskild lagstiftning bör tas fram för hur en krisorganisation effektivt ska kunna samordna samhällets insatser vid en kris och hur undantagsåtgärder snabbt ska kunna sättas in av det allmänna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Special legislation should be drawn up for how a crisis organization can effectively coordinate society's efforts during a crisis and how emergency measures can quickly be implemented by the public sector.”
- crisis management at all levels»Den operativa krisledningsförmågan behöver stärkas på Regeringskansliet och vid landets myndigheter, regioner och kommuner.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Operational crisis management capacity must be strengthened at the Prime Minister's Office and at the country's authorities, regions and municipalities.”
- central crisis management»Förbättra den centrala krisledningsförmågan« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Improve central crisis management capacity”
- reestablished total defence»Sverigedemokraterna vill återupprätta totalförsvaret och att Sverige ska ha förmåga att möta potentiella angripare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden-democrats want to reestablish total defence and that Sweden shall have the ability to meet potential attackers.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2025/26:FöU7)
- Committee report full text (HD01FöU7)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2025/26:1527 — Stärkt säkerhet för Sveriges dricksvattenförsörjning av Emma Ahlström Köster (M)
- Motion 2025/26:1986 — Krisberedskap av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage (M)
- Motion 2025/26:2046 — Ett statligt ansvar för räddningstjänsten av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage (M)
- Motion 2025/26:271 — med anledning av skr. 2024/25:206 Riksrevisionens rapport om den statliga styrningen av det civila försvarets uppbyggnad av Mikael Larsson och Kerstin Lundgren (båda C)
- Motion 2025/26:2822 — Militärt och civilt försvar samt samhällets krisberedskap av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2025/26:3241 — Krigsplacering i kommuner av Marléne Lund Kopparklint (M)
- Motion 2025/26:3335 — Stärkt kommunalt ansvar för civil beredskap av Marléne Lund Kopparklint (M)
- Motion 2025/26:3405 — Ökad civil försvarsförmåga och stärkt krisberedskap av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2025/26:3556 — Totalförsvarets beredskap av Peter Hultqvist m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2025/26:3774 — Levande hav och vatten av Emma Nohrén m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2025/26:633 — Statligt ledarskap och planering av sjukvårdskapacitet i händelse av kris och krig av Hanna Westerén (S)
- Regeringens skrivelse 2024/25:206 — Riksrevisionens rapport om den statliga styrningen av det civila försvarets uppbyggnad
Source: The Swedish Parliament