2025-11-262025/26:JuU6 · p.2JuUJustice
Competence Requirements and Appointment of Public Counsels
Competence requirements and appointment of public defence counsel in migration cases
What's at stake: The outcome affects the legal certainty and quality of the representation asylum seekers and others in the migration process receive, and whether the person appointed to represent them can be considered independent of the authority handling the case.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether mandatory competence tests and statutory special competence requirements, including for representing children, should be introduced for public defence counsel, and whether courts rather than the Migration Agency should appoint them, or whether the current case-by-case arrangement should remain.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee considers that the need for special competence, including regarding children or other vulnerable groups, is already covered by the case-by-case assessment made by the appointing court or authority, and rejects the motion's calls for mandatory competence tests, statutory competence requirements and a call for a change to the appointment arrangement.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (MP)
The reservation holds that mandatory and recurring competence tests should be introduced for public defence counsel, that courts rather than the Migration Agency should appoint them since the current arrangement means the individual's counsel is appointed by their opposing party, and that the law text should set special competence requirements for counsel representing children.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 17/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | No 0/14/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| C | No | Yes 20/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 12/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| SD | No | Yes 61/0/0/11 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects motion 2025/26:211 by Annika Hirvonen et al. (MP) demands 1-3.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motion 2025/26:211 av Annika Hirvonen m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 1-3.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal to tighten requirements for public counsels. A public counsel is engaged to provide legal support and represent individuals in, for example, expulsion and deportation cases or cases concerning forced removal into care. The competence requirements for interpreters in migration cases shall also be tightened. The purpose of the legal changes is, among other things, to strengthen legal certainty in cases concerning individuals' integrity and freedom. The legal changes involve the following: The qualification requirements for public counsels are tightened. Currently, for example, there is no absolute requirement for a law degree, which shall be required according to the bill. Special permission shall be required for a public counsel to delegate their assignment to another qualified person. A person deemed unsuitable may be declared unqualified to act as an agent or counsel at the Migration Agency, the Police Authority and the Security Police. Competence requirements for interpreters and translators in migration cases are introduced. This means, among other things, that the authority, if possible, shall engage an interpreter or translator who is authorized. The legal changes enter into force on 1 January 2026.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to strengthen the competence and independence of public defenders through mandatory knowledge tests and court appointment. (MP) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan establishes that legal certainty must be upheld through legal aid, public oversight and independent scrutiny, and that the justice system must be built on independent courts.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that legal certainty must be upheld through legal aid, public oversight and independent scrutiny, and that the justice system must be built on independent courts. Having courts rather than the handling authority appoint counsel, and tightening competence requirements, strengthen precisely that legal certainty. The requirement for special expertise for counsel representing children follows from the plan's commitment to in every instance see to the child's best interests.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att rättssäkerheten ska upprätthållas genom rättshjälp, medborgerlig insyn och oberoende granskning, och att rättsväsendet ska bygga på självständiga domstolar. Att domstol i stället för den handläggande myndigheten förordnar biträdet, och att kompetenskraven skärps, stärker just den rättssäkerheten. Kravet på särskild kompetens för biträden som företräder barn följer av planens åtagande att i varje läge se till barnets bästa.
- legal aid and legal certaintydecisive»Rättssäkerheten behöver upprätthållas genom rättshjälp, medborgerlig insyn och oberoende granskning.« (party programme ↗)“Legal certainty must be upheld through legal aid, public oversight and independent scrutiny.”
- independent courts»Samhället behöver ett väl fungerande rättsväsende, med självständiga och opolitiska domstolar där det finns ett tydligt lekmannainflytande.« (party programme ↗)“Society needs a functioning justice system, with independent and apolitical courts where there is clear lay participation.”
- the child's best interests»Vi vill fortsätta arbetet med att förverkliga barnkonventionen och principen att i varje läge se till barnets bästa.« (party programme ↗)“We will continue the work to realise the child convention and the principle of in every instance seeing to the child's best interests.”
flags: citat_migrerat
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan defends the principles of the rule of law and a legal system built on the equality of all before the law, and requires strong protection for children.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan defends the principles of the rule of law and a legal system built on the equality of all before the law, and requires strong protection for children. Mandatory knowledge tests, special competence requirements for representatives acting for children and that the court appoints the representative instead of the handling authority strengthen legal security for the most vulnerable. The counter-proposal is supported, but the plan is general on this area.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår vakt om rättsstatens principer och en rättsordning byggd på allas likhet inför lagen, och kräver kraftfullt skydd för barn. Obligatoriska kunskapstester, särskilda kompetenskrav för biträden som företräder barn och att domstol förordnar biträdet i stället för den handläggande myndigheten stärker rättssäkerheten för de mest utsatta. Motförslaget stöds, men planen är allmänt hållen på området.
- principles of the rule of lawdecisive»Slå vakt om rättsstatens principer.« (party programme ↗)“Defend the principles of the rule of law.”
- equality before the law»En rättsordning som bygger på allas likhet inför lagen.« (party programme ↗)“A legal system built on the equality of all before the law.”
- support for vulnerable children»Kraftfullt bekämpande av våld mot barn och stöd till barn som bevittnar våld.« (party programme ↗)“Vigorous combating of violence against children and support for children who witness violence.”
- protection of liberties and rights»Skydd för medborgerliga fri- och rättigheter.« (party programme ↗)“Protection of civil liberties and rights.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants to strengthen legal certainty in the asylum process and support for vulnerable groups and establishes that the best interests of the child must always be decisive when decisions are made concerning children.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to strengthen legal certainty in the asylum process and support for vulnerable groups and establishes that the best interests of the child must always be decisive when decisions are made concerning children. Competence requirements for public defenders and for the court to appoint them instead of the handling authority are means for precisely this legal certainty. The plan does not address the appointment procedure in particular, so the conclusion is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill stärka rättssäkerheten i asylprocessen och stödet för sårbara grupper och slår fast att barnets bästa alltid ska vara avgörande när beslut fattas kring barn. Kompetenskrav på offentliga biträden och att domstol förordnar dem i stället för den handläggande myndigheten är medel för just denna rättssäkerhet. Planen behandlar inte förordnandeordningen särskilt, varför slutsatsen är härledd.
- legal certainty for vulnerable groupsdecisive»stärka rättssäkerheten i asylprocessen och stödet för hbtqi-flyktingar och andra sårbara grupper.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen legal certainty in the asylum process and support for LGBTIQ refugees and other vulnerable groups”
- best interests of the child decisive»Barnkonventionen är svensk lag och barnets bästa« (party programme ↗)“The Convention on the Rights of the Child is Swedish law and the best interests of the child”
- competence requirements in review»prövning som utförs av anställda med hbtqi-kompetens är nödvändig.« (party programme ↗)“review carried out by staff with LGBTIQ competence is necessary.”
- protect the rule of law»Miljöpartiet vill värna och stärka rättsstaten« (party programme ↗)“The Green Party wishes to protect and strengthen the rule of law”
flags: citat_migrerat
The plan demands that access to representation improve and that everyone living in Sweden shall be able to get their case heard, and wants to strengthen courts' independence.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan demands that access to representation improve and that everyone living in Sweden shall be able to get their case heard, and wants to strengthen courts' independence. Knowledge requirements for public defenders and that courts rather than the handling authority appoint the defender strengthen exactly the quality and independence in that review. The plan's particular emphasis on children's rights supports the demand for competence requirements for defenders who represent children.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att tillgången till ombud förbättras och att alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad, och den vill stärka domstolarnas oberoende. Kunskapskrav för offentliga biträden och att domstol i stället för den handläggande myndigheten förordnar biträdet stärker just kvaliteten och oberoendet i den prövningen. Planens särskilda betoning av barns rätt stöder kravet på kompetenskrav för biträden som företräder barn.
- improved access to representationdecisive»Ledtiderna för handläggning och myndighetsutövning i domstolar och myndigheter måste kortas och tillgången till ombud förbättras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Processing times for handling and official action in courts and authorities must be shortened and access to representation improved.”
- everyone's right to have their case heard»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone living in Sweden shall be able to get their case heard.”
- strengthened court independence»Våra demokratiska institutioner behöver skydd. Vi vill göra det svårare att ändra grundlagen, skydda oppositionens ställning i riksdagen och stärka domstolarnas oberoende.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our democratic institutions need protection. We want to make it harder to amend the constitution, protect the opposition's position in the Riksdag and strengthen courts' independence.”
- the child's right is protected»Särskilt viktigt är att värna varje barns rätt att bli respekterad och att bli sedd för den man är.« (party programme ↗)“Particularly important is to protect every child's right to be respected and to be seen for who they are.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants to strengthen the individual's ability to assert their right against public authorities and states that those who participate in interviews with children shall have special training.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to strengthen the individual's ability to assert their right against public authorities and states that those who participate in interviews with children shall have special training. Requirements for documented expertise of legal aid counsel and that court rather than the administering authority appoints the counsel are in line with this and with the requirement for independent courts. The plan thus speaks in favour of the counter-proposal.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill stärka den enskildes möjligheter att hävda sin rätt gentemot myndigheterna och slår fast att den som medverkar i förhör med barn ska ha särskild utbildning. Krav på dokumenterad kompetens hos offentliga biträden och på att domstol snarare än den handläggande myndigheten förordnar biträdet ligger i linje med detta och med kravet på oberoende domstolar. Planen talar därmed för motförslaget.
- strengthened position against authoritiesdecisive»Den enskildes möjligheter att hävda sina rättigheter gentemot myndigheterna måste öka.« (party programme ↗)“The individual's ability to assert their rights against public authorities must increase.”
- special expertise regarding children»De som medverkar i förhör av eller med barn ska ha särskild utbildning.« (party programme ↗)“Those who participate in interviews of or with children shall have special training.”
- strengthened legal aid»Den allmänna rättshjälpen ska stärkas.« (party programme ↗)“General legal aid shall be strengthened.”
- independent courts»Domstolarna ska vara oberoende och opartiska.« (party programme ↗)“Courts shall be independent and impartial.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that the entire process for someone seeking asylum is designed so that legal security is guaranteed for the individual and that the child perspective is always included in migration matters.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that the entire process for someone seeking asylum is designed so that legal security is guaranteed for the individual and that the child perspective is always included in migration matters. Competence requirements for public defenders and that the court instead of the processing authority appoints them are measures that strengthen exactly that legal security and the independence of the courts. The counter-proposal's demand is therefore supported by the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att hela processen för den som söker asyl är utformad så att rättssäkerhet garanteras den enskilde och att barnperspektivet alltid finns med i migrationsärenden. Kompetenskrav på offentliga biträden och att domstol i stället för den handläggande myndigheten förordnar dem är åtgärder som stärker just den rättssäkerheten och domstolarnas självständiga ställning. Motförslagets krav stöds därför av planen.
- legal security in the processdecisive»För den som söker asyl i Sverige måste hela processen vara utformad så att rättssäkerhet« (party programme ↗)“For someone seeking asylum in Sweden, the entire process must be designed so that legal security”
- strong independent courts»Domstolarnas ställning ska vara stark och självständig.« (party programme ↗)“The courts' position shall be strong and independent.”
- child perspective in matters»Barnperspektivet ska alltid finnas med i migrationsärenden.« (party programme ↗)“The child perspective shall always be included in migration matters.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address competence requirements or precedence for public defenders.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address competence requirements or precedence for public defenders. The closest commitments are that asylum legislation should be at the minimum level of EU law and that government agencies' processing times should be shortened, which argues against building on a process with mandatory knowledge tests and new statutory requirements. The plan wants a legally secure justice system, but does not single out this particular arrangement.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte kompetenskrav eller förordnandeordning för offentliga biträden. Närmast liggande åtaganden är att asyllagstiftningen ska ligga på EU-rättens miniminivå och att myndigheternas handläggningstider ska kortas, vilket talar emot att bygga på processen med obligatoriska kunskapstester och nya lagstadgade krav. Planen vill ha ett rättssäkert rättsväsende, men pekar inte ut just denna ordning.
- asylum rights at minimum leveldecisive»Anpassa asyllagstiftningen efter den rättsliga miniminivån enligt EU-rätten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Adapt asylum legislation to the legal minimum level according to EU law”
- shorter processing times»Korta myndigheternas handläggningstider genom en bortre tidsgräns« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Shorten government agencies' processing times through an upper time limit”
- legally secure justice system»Sverige ska ha ett rättsväsende präglat av rättssäkerhet« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall have a justice system characterised by legal security”
- protection of children's rights»att säkerställa rättigheterna för barn och andra som inte kan« (party programme ↗)“to ensure the rights of children and others who cannot”
The plan requires that investigations concerning children be quality-assured and legally sound and that the child's best interests be always considered.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that investigations concerning children be quality-assured and legally sound and that the child's best interests be always considered. The counter-proposal's requirement for statutory competence requirements for counsel representing children, knowledge tests and that the court rather than the opposing party appoints counsel is a direct application of the legal certainty principle. The plan does not, however, mention publicly appointed counsel as such, which is why the conclusion is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att utredningar som rör barn ska vara kvalitetssäkrade och rättssäkra och att barnets bästa alltid ska beaktas. Motförslagets krav på lagstadgade kompetenskrav för biträden som företräder barn, kunskapstester och att domstol i stället för motparten förordnar biträdet är en direkt tillämpning av den rättssäkerhetsprincipen. Planen nämner dock inte offentliga biträden i sig, varför slutsatsen är härledd.
- legally sound child investigationsdecisive»Utredningar rörande barn ska vara kvalitetssäkrade och rättssäkra.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Investigations concerning children shall be quality-assured and legally sound.”
- improved quality in child matters»Öka kvalité och rättssäkerhet i utredningar om barn« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase quality and legal certainty in investigations concerning children.”
- child's best interests»Att barnets bästa alltid ska beaktas« (2022 manifesto ↗)“That the child's best interests shall always be considered.”
- independent courts»Stärka domstolarnas oberoende« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the independence of courts.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2025/26:JuU6)
- Committee report full text (HD01JuU6)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2025/26:211 — med anledning av prop. 2024/25:195 Skärpta krav för offentliga biträden och höjda kompetenskrav för tolkar i migrationsärenden av Annika Hirvonen m.fl. (MP)
- Proposition 2024/25:195 — Skärpta krav för offentliga biträden och höjda kompetenskrav för tolkar i migrationsärenden
Source: The Swedish Parliament