2023-06-142022/23:UbU11 · p.6UbUEducation

Gender equality

Gender equality in academia - meritocracy versus quotas

What's at stake: The decision concerns which principles should govern the allocation of research grants and academic positions, and whether parliament should take a stance against any form of quota based on group membership.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether gender equality in academia is best achieved by strictly establishing that grants and positions should be allocated solely on meritocratic grounds without any form of quotas, or whether the current work on gender mainstreaming and recruitment targets is the right approach.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee refers to higher education institutions already being required to observe gender equality under the Higher Education Act, that employment must be based on objective merit, and that several ongoing gender-mainstreaming commissions and a recruitment target for professors already exist, and therefore does not see grounds to propose further measures, rejecting the motions.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 8 (SD)

The reservation considers that genuine gender equality is achieved by giving everyone the best possible conditions to succeed, not through quotas for certain groups, and wants grants and positions in academia to be allocated exclusively on strictly meritocratic grounds.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 8 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
SYesYes 94/0/0/13follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
MPYesYes 15/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highderived
CYesAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lowderived
MNoYes 60/0/0/8departs from the planconfidence: highderived
SDown reservationNoNo 0/63/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:82 by Samuel Gonzalez Westling et al. (V) motion 4, 2022/23:348 by Rickard Nordin (C) motion 2, 2022/23:884 by Muharrem Demirok et al. (C) motion 78, 2022/23:1026 by Patrick Reslow et al. (SD) motions 6 and 7, 2022/23:1673 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) motion 12, and 2022/23:2277 by Märta Stenevi et al. (MP) motion 11.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:82 av Samuel Gonzalez Westling m.fl. (V) yrkande 4, 2022/23:348 av Rickard Nordin (C) yrkande 2, 2022/23:884 av Muharrem Demirok m.fl. (C) yrkande 78, 2022/23:1026 av Patrick Reslow m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 6 och 7, 2022/23:1673 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkande 12 och 2022/23:2277 av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP) yrkande 11.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag has dealt with approximately 80 proposals about research in motions from the general motion period of 2022. The Riksdag rejected all proposals, partly because work is ongoing or because measures have already been taken. The proposals dealt with, for example, the distribution of research funding, research freedom and scientific quality.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan assumes that patriarchy pervades working life and that men's dominance is not a law of nature but must be broken by active feminist politics, and that social skew in admission to university needs to be broken.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan assumes that patriarchy pervades working life and that men's dominance is not a law of nature but must be broken by active feminist politics, and that social skew in admission to university needs to be broken. A requirement that grants and positions be distributed exclusively according to strict merit without any form of quotas would close the door to such measures. The plan's commitments therefore speak against the counter-proposal.

Original (Swedish)

Planen utgår från att patriarkatet genomsyrar arbetslivet och att mäns överordning inte är någon naturlag utan måste brytas med aktiv feministisk politik, och att den sociala snedrekryteringen till högskolan behöver brytas. Ett krav på att anslag och tjänster uteslutande fördelas strikt meritokratiskt utan någon form av kvotering skulle stänga dörren för sådana åtgärder. Planens åtaganden talar därför mot motförslaget.

  • patriarchy must be brokendecisive»Mäns överordning och kvinnors underordning är ingen naturlag.« (party programme ↗)“Men's dominance and women's subordination are not a law of nature.”
  • break the skew in recruitment»sociala snedrekryteringen till högskolan behöver brytas« (party programme ↗)“the social skew in university admission needs to be broken”
  • patriarchy in all spheres»Det patriarkala maktmönstret genomsyrar förhållandet mellan« (party programme ↗)“The patriarchal power pattern pervades the relationship between”

flags: citat_blockerat

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan is explicitly feminist and rests on the idea that gender power structures are a power structure requiring active counter-measures, including breaking the skewed recruitment to higher education and graduate studies.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is explicitly feminist and rests on the idea that gender power structures are a power structure requiring active counter-measures, including breaking the skewed recruitment to higher education and graduate studies. A demand that allocations and positions exclusively be distributed strictly by merit without any form of quotas excludes precisely such active measures. The plan therefore rejects the counter-proposal's demands in substance.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är uttalat feministisk och bygger på att könsmaktsordningen är en maktstruktur som kräver aktiva motåtgärder, inklusive att den sneda rekryteringen till högskola och forskarutbildning bryts. Ett krav på att anslag och tjänster uteslutande ska fördelas strikt meritokratiskt utan någon form av kvotering utesluter just sådana aktiva åtgärder. Planen avvisar därför motförslagets krav i sak.

  • feminist partydecisive»Med denna grundsyn är socialdemokratin ett feministiskt parti.« (party programme ↗)“With this basic view, Social Democracy is a feminist party.”
  • break gender-based patterns»sociala och könsbundna mönstren bryts.« (party programme ↗)“social and gender-based patterns are broken.”
  • break skewed recruitment»Den sociala snedrekryteringen till högskolan måste brytas« (party programme ↗)“Social skewing in recruitment to higher education must be broken”
  • gender power structure exists»En tydlig maktstruktur är det som kallas könsmaktsordningen, den systematiska över- och« (party programme ↗)“A clear power structure is what is called gender power structure, the systematic over- and”
MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan is explicitly feminist and accepts quotas as a tool: gender quotas to corporate boards are needed to achieve equality, and equality within academia must improve.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is explicitly feminist and accepts quotas as a tool: gender quotas to corporate boards are needed to achieve equality, and equality within academia must improve. The counter-proposal's requirement that grants and positions be allocated solely by merit without any form of quota excludes precisely the active measures the plan advocates. The plan also wants to broaden recruitment to higher education and research education.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är uttryckligen feministisk och accepterar kvotering som verktyg: könskvotering till bolagsstyrelser behövs för att uppnå jämställdhet, och jämställdheten inom akademin måste förbättras. Motförslagets krav på att anslag och tjänster fördelas uteslutande meritokratiskt utan någon form av kvotering utesluter just de aktiva åtgärder planen förespråkar. Planen vill dessutom bredda rekryteringen till högre utbildning och forskarutbildning.

  • quotas as equality tooldecisive»Könskvotering till bolagsstyrelser behövs« (party programme ↗)“Gender quotas to corporate boards are needed”
  • increased equality in academia»jämställdheten måste förbättras.« (party programme ↗)“equality must improve.”
  • feminist party»parti som arbetar målmedvetet för allas lika rätt« (party programme ↗)“party that works purposefully for everyone's equal rights”
  • broadened recruitment»Vi eftersträvar en bred rekrytering till högre« (party programme ↗)“We seek broad recruitment to higher”
CCenterpartietYesAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan is explicitly feminist and wants to break existing power relations, among other things by distributing state funds more equally and actively strengthening women's position.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is explicitly feminist and wants to break existing power relations, among other things by distributing state funds more equally and actively strengthening women's position. A requirement that appropriations and services should be distributed exclusively strictly meritocratically, without any measure that takes gender into account, conflicts with that commitment. The plan sees structural gender inequality as a real problem that must be countered.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är uttryckligen feministisk och vill bryta rådande maktförhållanden, bland annat genom att statliga medel fördelas mer jämställt och att kvinnors ställning aktivt stärks. Ett krav på att anslag och tjänster uteslutande ska fördelas strikt meritokratiskt, utan någon form av åtgärd som väger in kön, skär mot det åtagandet. Planen ser strukturell ojämställdhet som ett verkligt problem som måste motarbetas.

  • feminist partydecisive»Centerpartiet är ett feministiskt parti, som utmanar och bryter rådande maktförhållanden och kollektiva orättvisor.« (party programme ↗)“The Centre Party is a feminist party, which challenges and breaks existing power relations and collective injustices.”
  • equal distribution of state funds»Sverige rankas lågt i internationella jämförelser över kvinnors företagande. Vi vill reformera trygghetssystemet så att fler kvinnor kan satsa på enreprenörskap och se till att statligt riskkapital fördelas mer jämställt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden ranks low in international comparisons of women's entrepreneurship. We want to reform the welfare system so more women can pursue entrepreneurship and ensure that state venture capital is distributed more equally.”
  • active equality policy»Vi ska bygga ett jämställt Sverige med möjligheter och rättvisa för alla. Vi ska stärka kvinnors trygghet och egenmakt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We will build an equal Sweden with opportunities and justice for all. We will strengthen women's security and self-determination.”
  • structural gender inequality exists»Kvinnodominerade yrken undervärderas och kvinnor tar större ansvar för familj och hem.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Female-dominated professions are undervalued and women take greater responsibility for family and home.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan requires that gender equality shall permeate activities in both higher education and research and that a gender equality perspective is integrated into all relevant public decisions, with the public as a role model in equal career development and recruitment.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that gender equality shall permeate activities in both higher education and research and that a gender equality perspective is integrated into all relevant public decisions, with the public as a role model in equal career development and recruitment. A requirement that grants and posts are distributed exclusively on merit without any form of gender equality measures contradicts that commitment. That grants should be distributed by quality does, however, partially support the counter-proposal, which is why the conclusion is balanced.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att jämställdheten ska genomsyra verksamheten inom både högre utbildning och forskning och att ett jämställdhetsperspektiv integreras i alla relevanta offentliga beslut, med det offentliga som förebild i jämställd karriärutveckling och rekrytering. Ett krav att anslag och tjänster fördelas uteslutande meritokratiskt utan varje form av jämställdhetsinstrument går emot det åtagandet. Att anslag ska fördelas efter kvalitet stöder däremot delvis motförslaget, varför slutsatsen är avvägd.

  • gender equality in academiadecisive»Jämställdhet mellan könen ska genomsyra« (party programme ↗)“Gender equality between the sexes shall permeate”
  • gender equality mainstreaming»ska integreras i alla relevanta offentliga beslut.« (party programme ↗)“shall be integrated into all relevant public decisions.”
  • public as role model»Det offentliga har ett ansvar att verka för jämställd tillgång till makt och ska särskilt visa vägen genom jämställd« (party programme ↗)“The public has a responsibility to promote equal access to power and must particularly show the way through equal”
  • quality determines grants»Forskningsanslagen ska fördelas utifrån kvalitet.« (party programme ↗)“Research grants shall be distributed based on quality.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan requires that the gender equality perspective permeate all policy areas, that higher education has an important task in creating a gender-equal society and that an even gender balance is pursued at all levels in the education system.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that the gender equality perspective permeate all policy areas, that higher education has an important task in creating a gender-equal society and that an even gender balance is pursued at all levels in the education system. A requirement that grants and positions shall be distributed exclusively strictly on merit, without any form of gender equality measures, goes against these commitments. The institutions' own freedom, however, speaks partially the other way.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att jämställdhetsperspektivet genomsyrar alla politikområden, att högskolan har en viktig uppgift i att skapa ett jämställt samhälle och att en jämn könsfördelning eftersträvas på alla nivåer i utbildningsväsendet. Ett krav på att anslag och tjänster uteslutande ska fördelas strikt meritokratiskt, utan varje form av jämställdhetsåtgärd, går emot dessa åtaganden. Lärosätenas egen frihet talar dock delvis åt andra hållet.

  • gender equality in all decisionsdecisive»Jämställdhetsperspektivet ska genomsyra alla politikområden.« (party programme ↗)“Gender equality perspective shall permeate all policy areas.”
  • higher education's gender equality mandate»Högskolan har en viktig uppgift när det gäller att« (party programme ↗)“Higher education has an important task when it comes to”
  • equal opportunities»Det ska ha som inriktning att ge utrymme och lika möjligheter« (party programme ↗)“It shall be aimed at providing scope and equal opportunities”
  • institutions' self-determination»Vidare ska det finnas stora möjligheter för enskilda universitet och högskolor att själva utforma antagningskriterierna till utbildningarna« (party programme ↗)“Furthermore there shall be great opportunities for individual universities and higher education institutions to themselves shape the admission criteria for education”
MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan wants resources to higher education to be allocated so that academic quality is prioritized, and it firmly rejects quotas as a method.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants resources to higher education to be allocated so that academic quality is prioritized, and it firmly rejects quotas as a method. The programme states that everyone has the right to be assessed based on their person and their actions and that equality is achieved through empowerment, not through demands for exact outcomes. The counter-proposal's requirement for strict meritocratic allocation without quotas follows directly from these commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att resurser till högskolan fördelas så att akademisk kvalitet premieras, och den avvisar bestämt kvotering som metod. Programmet slår fast att var och en har rätt att bedömas utifrån sin person och sina handlingar och att jämställdhet nås genom egenmakt, inte genom krav på exakta utfall. Motförslagets krav på strikt meritokratisk fördelning utan kvotering följer direkt av dessa åtaganden.

  • quality guides resourcesdecisive»Arbeta för ett resursfördelningssystem till högskolan så att akademisk kvalitet, genomströmning samt etablering på arbetsmarknaden premieras i högre utsträckning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Work for a resource allocation system for higher education so that academic quality, throughput and labour market establishment are prioritized to a greater extent”
  • no to quotas»Vi säger därför bestämt nej till storskaliga experiment med kvotering, lottning eller tvångsbussning av elever.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We therefore firmly say no to large-scale experiments with quotas, lotteries or forced busing of pupils.”
  • assessment based on person»allas rätt att bli bedömda utifrån sin person« (party programme ↗)“everyone's right to be assessed based on their person”
  • equality through empowerment»Vägen till ökad jämställdhet handlar om att stärka självbestämmandet och möjligheterna till egenmakt.« (party programme ↗)“The path to greater equality is about strengthening self-determination and opportunities for empowerment.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto establishes that true equality is not achieved through political measures to create equal outcomes between men and women at the group level, and wants to counteract discrimination and special treatment based on gender.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto establishes that true equality is not achieved through political measures to create equal outcomes between men and women at the group level, and wants to counteract discrimination and special treatment based on gender. The party programme advocates formal equality without special treatment based on gender identity. The counter-proposal's demand for strict meritocratic distribution without quotas therefore directly follows from the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet slår fast att riktig jämställdhet inte nås genom politiska åtgärder för att på gruppnivå skapa samma utfall mellan män och kvinnor, och vill motverka diskriminering och särbehandling på grund av kön. Principprogrammet förespråkar en formell jämställdhet utan särbehandling utifrån könstillhörighet. Motförslagets krav på strikt meritokratisk fördelning utan kvotering följer därmed direkt av planen.

  • no outcome equalitydecisive»Riktig jämställdhet nås inte genom att vidta politiska åtgärder för att på gruppnivå skapa samma utfall mellan män och kvinnor, utan genom att ta krafttag mot samhällsfenomen som begränsar den enskilde.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“True equality is not achieved by taking political measures to create equal outcomes between men and women at the group level, but by taking strong action against societal phenomena that limit the individual.”
  • formal equality»jämställdhet där varken kvinnor eller män skall särbehandlas på basis av sin könstillhörighet.« (party programme ↗)“equality where neither women nor men shall be given special treatment on the basis of their gender identity.”
  • against special treatment by gender»Motverka diskriminering och särbehandling p.g.a. kön« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Counteract discrimination and special treatment due to gender”
  • academic independence»Slå vakt om den högre akademins självständighet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Protect the higher education's independence”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament