2023-06-202022/23:JuU26 · p.1JuUJustice
Extended police powers in border areas
Expanded police powers in border-near areas
What's at stake: The decision affects everyone moving through border-near areas, such as commuters between Sweden and Denmark, who could be subject to more identity checks. At the same time, authorities gain a new tool against unauthorized residence and smuggling, but critics warn of a risk of ethnic profiling.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the police and Customs should be given new powers to body-search people and search vehicles for identity documents in border-near areas to combat unauthorized residence and cross-border crime, or whether the proposal should be rejected as disproportionate and unnecessary.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee shares the government's assessment that the new powers to body-search people and search vehicles for identity documents are proportionate — comparable to the body-search power that already applies at entry checks under the EU Border Code. The powers may only be used when a person is assumed to be carrying but not showing identity documents, are limited to border-near areas, and require that a record be kept. The committee therefore supports the bill (with an editorial change to the law's title) and rejects the motions against it.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (V)
The reservation (V) firmly opposes identity checks of people assumed to be foreign nationals without suspicion of a crime, arguing the proposal is unreasonable, discriminatory and disproportionate since people risk being stopped daily based solely on appearance or clothing. Several consultation bodies warn of a risk of discrimination and ethnic profiling, a risk not reduced by requiring checks to be selective rather than systematic. The reservation also argues the proposal ties up substantial resources at the Police Authority and Customs that could instead be directed at drug and weapons smuggling and human trafficking, and that existing rules on internal immigration checks and body searches already provide sufficient powers without a new framework.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: adopting the government's legislative proposal and rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by V.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: CCenterpartiet
Ja 268–21Ja 248–41
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/21/0/3 | match | confidence: high | explicit |
| S | Yes | Yes 94/0/0/13 | match | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | No | Abstain 1/0/14/3 | differs | confidence: high | derived |
| C | No | Yes 20/0/0/4 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
| L | Yes | Yes 14/0/0/2 | match | confidence: low | derived |
| KD | Yes | Yes 16/0/0/3 | match | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | match | confidence: high | derived |
| SD | Yes | Yes 62/0/0/10 | match | confidence: high | explicit |
Broke with the party line
| MPLeila Ali Elmi (MP, Göteborgs kommun) | Yes — party line: Abstain |
MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.
Committee proposal
Parliament adopts the government's proposal for 1. law with special provisions on police powers in border areas with the amendment that the law's title shall be "Act on police powers in border areas", 2. law amending the Aliens Act (2005:716) with the amendment that the words "with special provisions" in Chapter 9, Section 9 a of the expression "the Act (2023:000) with special provisions on police powers in border areas" shall be deleted, 3. law amending the Camera Surveillance Act (2018:1200) with the amendment that the words "with special provisions" in Section 14 c 3 of the expression "the Act (2023:000) with special provisions on police powers in border areas" shall be deleted, 4. law amending the Act (2018:1693) on the police's processing of personal data within the scope of the criminal database act with the amendment that the words "with special provisions" in Chapter 1, Section 3, first paragraph, item 4 of the expression "the Act (2023:000) with special provisions on police powers in border areas" shall be deleted, 5. law amending the Act (2018:1694) on the Customs Agency's processing of personal data within the scope of the criminal database act with the amendment that the words "with special provisions" in Chapter 1, Section 2, first paragraph, item 4 of the expression "the Act (2023:000) with special provisions on police powers in border areas" shall be deleted. Thus, Parliament grants proposition 2022/23:109 items 1-5 and rejects the motions 2022/23:2393 by Gudrun Nordborg et al. (V) and 2022/23:2394 by Rasmus Ling et al. (MP) claim 1.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen antar regeringens förslag till 1. lag med särskilda bestämmelser om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden med den ändringen att lagens rubrik ska vara "Lag om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden", 2. lag om ändring i utlänningslagen (2005:716) med den ändringen att orden "med särskilda bestämmelser" i 9 kap. 9 a § i uttrycket "lagen (2023:000) med särskilda bestämmelser om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden" ska utgå, 3. lag om ändring i kamerabevakningslagen (2018:1200) med den ändringen att orden "med särskilda bestämmelser" i 14 c § 3 i uttrycket "lagen (2023:000) med särskilda bestämmelser om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden" ska utgå, 4. lag om ändring i lagen (2018:1693) om polisens behandling av personuppgifter inom brottsdatalagens område med den ändringen att orden "med särskilda bestämmelser" i 1 kap. 3 § första stycket 4 i uttrycket "lagen (2023:000) med särskilda bestämmelser om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden" ska utgå, 5. lag om ändring i lagen (2018:1694) om Tullverkets behandling av personuppgifter inom brottsdatalagens område med den ändringen att orden "med särskilda bestämmelser" i 1 kap. 2 § första stycket 4 i uttrycket "lagen (2023:000) med särskilda bestämmelser om polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden" ska utgå. Därmed bifaller riksdagen proposition 2022/23:109 punkterna 1-5 och avslår motionerna 2022/23:2393 av Gudrun Nordborg m.fl. (V) och 2022/23:2394 av Rasmus Ling m.fl. (MP) yrkande 1.
Riksdag decision: Parliament approved the government's proposal for a new law with special provisions on police powers in border areas. The new law will give the police extended powers, that is, increased authority to take measures, at, among other things, certain airports, ports and railway stations, at bridges for road traffic to or from abroad and at border crossing points on public roads, to prevent crime. The powers will also give the police enhanced opportunities to intervene in border areas to carry out personal inspections of a foreign national to determine whether the person has the right to stay in the country, so-called internal alien control. In addition, the powers entail better opportunities for camera surveillance in border areas. The new rules come into force on 1 August.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to reject the government's proposal for expanded police powers. (V) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan forbids discrimination based on appearance or origin and requires that the legal system is organized so it does not reproduce structural racism.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan forbids discrimination based on appearance or origin and requires that the legal system is organized so it does not reproduce structural racism. It also guards a broad private sphere and warns against racism and police violence against young people in poor areas. To reject identity checks of people assumed to be foreigners without suspicion of crime follows directly from this.
Original (Swedish)
Planen förbjuder diskriminering på grund av utseende eller ursprung och kräver att rättsväsendet organiseras så att det inte reproducerar strukturell rasism. Den värnar också en bred privat sfär och varnar för rasism och övervåld från polisen mot unga i fattiga områden. Att avvisa identitetskontroller av personer som antas vara utlänningar utan brottsmisstanke följer direkt av detta.
- against ethnic profilingdecisive»Diskriminering av människor på grund av utseende« (party programme ↗)“Discrimination of people based on appearance”
- the legal system must not reproduce racism»reproducerar den strukturella rasismen i deras konkreta verksamhet.« (party programme ↗)“reproduces the structural racism in their concrete activity.”
- personal integrityweak support»Alla människor har rätt till en bred privat sfär« (party programme ↗)“All people have the right to a broad private sphere”
- police violence»Många unga, särskilt med utländsk bakgrund, som bor i fattiga områden, utsätts även för rasism och övervåld från polisen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Many young people, especially with foreign background, living in poor areas, are also subjected to racism and police violence”
flags: citat_svagt
The plan's decisive commitment is to take vigorous action against the smuggling of weapons and drugs, among other things through strengthened border control, and for the police to receive more tools.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's decisive commitment is to take vigorous action against the smuggling of weapons and drugs, among other things through strengthened border control, and for the police to receive more tools. The counter-proposal's requirement not to introduce the border-proximate control powers runs counter to this. The party programme's requirement for equality before the law and objectivity is a real objection to discriminatory application, but does not change the plan's direction on the substantive issue.
Original (Swedish)
Planens avgörande åtagande är krafttag mot införsel av vapen och narkotika bland annat genom stärkt gränskontroll, och att polisen ska få fler verktyg. Motförslagets krav på att inte införa de gränsnära kontrollbefogenheterna går emot detta. Partiprogrammets krav på likhet inför lagen och saklighet är en verklig invändning mot diskriminerande tillämpning, men ändrar inte planens riktning i sakfrågan.
- strengthened border controldecisive»Vi vill ta krafttag mot införsel av vapen och narkotika, bland annat genom stärkt gränskontroll.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to take vigorous action against the smuggling of weapons and drugs, among other things through strengthened border control.”
- more tools for the police»Kraftigt öka antalet poliser på våra gator och torg. Vi vill säkra och stärka polisnärvaron i hela landet. Polisen behöver också fler verktyg, som bättre möjligheter till avlyssning och husrannsakan.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Significantly increase the number of police on our streets and squares. We want to secure and strengthen police presence throughout the country. The police also need more tools, such as better opportunities for wiretapping and house searches.”
- against smuggling»Vi vill se fler och intensifierande internationella samarbeten mot smuggling av bland annat vapen och narkotika.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to see more and intensifying international cooperation against smuggling of, among other things, weapons and drugs.”
- equality before the law»beakta allas likhet inför lagen och iaktta saklighet och opartiskhet.« (party programme ↗)“respect everyone's equality before the law and observe objectivity and impartiality.”
The plan opposes all laws that entail disproportionate encroachments on integrity and states that crime prevention must not be carried out at the expense of human rights.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan opposes all laws that entail disproportionate encroachments on integrity and states that crime prevention must not be carried out at the expense of human rights. Identity checks with body searches of persons assumed to be foreigners, without suspicion of crime, furthermore strike the plan's demand that structural discrimination and ethnic profiling shall cease. The counter-proposal's rejection of the powers therefore follows from the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen motsätter sig alla lagar som innebär oproportionerliga ingrepp i integriteten och slår fast att brottsbekämpning inte får ske på bekostnad av mänskliga rättigheter. Identitetskontroller med kroppsvisitation av personer som antas vara utlänningar, utan brottsmisstanke, träffar dessutom planens krav på att strukturell diskriminering och etnisk profilering ska upphöra. Motförslagets avvisande av befogenheterna följer därför av planen.
- against disproportionate integrity encroachmentsdecisive»alla lagar som innebär oproportionerliga ingrepp i« (party programme ↗)“all laws that entail disproportionate encroachments on”
- crime prevention within human rights»viktigt men ska inte ske på bekostnad av mänskliga« (party programme ↗)“important but shall not be carried out at the expense of human”
- stop ethnic profiling»Strukturell diskriminering och rasism ska upphöra.« (party programme ↗)“Structural discrimination and racism shall cease.”
- tightened discrimination protection»stärka lagstiftningen mot diskriminering och se över rätten till rättshjälp i diskrimineringsfall.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen legislation against discrimination and review the right to legal aid in discrimination cases.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan explicitly says no to stop-and-search zones and other invasive control measures and demands that the rule of law and the individual's rights against the state be defended.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly says no to stop-and-search zones and other invasive control measures and demands that the rule of law and the individual's rights against the state be defended. All legislation shall be tested against its impact on personal integrity and be proportionate. Body searches of people assumed to be foreigners without suspicion of crime, with obvious risk of ethnic profiling, conflict with these commitments.
Original (Swedish)
Planen säger uttryckligen nej till visitationszoner och andra ingripande kontrollåtgärder och kräver att rättsstaten och individens rättigheter mot staten försvaras. All lagstiftning ska prövas mot sin påverkan på den personliga integriteten och vara proportionerlig. Kroppsvisitation av personer som antas vara utlänningar utan brottsmisstanke, med uppenbar risk för etnisk profilering, strider mot dessa åtaganden.
- no to stop-and-search zonesdecisive»Rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten måste försvaras. Vi säger därför nej till visitationszoner, kollektiv bestraffning, omvänd bevisbörda, anonyma vittnen, preventiv avlyssning och inskränkningar av religionsfriheten.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The rule of law and the individual's rights against the state must be defended. We therefore say no to stop-and-search zones, collective punishment, reverse burden of proof, anonymous witnesses, preventive surveillance and restrictions on freedom of religion.”
- proportionality and integrityweak support»All lagstiftning bör prövas mot dess påverkan på människors personliga integritet. Det måste finnas en proportionalitet mellan lagstiftningens inskränkning av medborgarnas integritet och lagarnas syfte.« (party programme ↗)“All legislation should be tested against its impact on people's personal integrity. There must be proportionality between the legislation's restriction of citizens' integrity and the law's purpose.”
- counter ethnic profiling»Diskriminering, strukturell rasism och intolerans, i alla dess former, ska motverkas.« (party programme ↗)“Discrimination, structural racism and intolerance, in all its forms, shall be countered.”
- openness instead of border control»Centerpartiet strävar efter öppna gränser, fri rörlighet samt en generös och human flykting- och invandringspolitik.« (party programme ↗)“The Centre Party strives for open borders, free movement and a generous and humane refugee and immigration policy.”
flags: citat_svagt
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The election manifesto wants more people waiting for refusal of entry and expulsion to be held in detention and for border protection to be strengthened, and gives law enforcement authorities more intrusive tools – which argues against rejecting the new control powers.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto wants more people waiting for refusal of entry and expulsion to be held in detention and for border protection to be strengthened, and gives law enforcement authorities more intrusive tools – which argues against rejecting the new control powers. Simultaneously, the plan requires that the state with force combat all discrimination and that integrity infringements are only justified if a contrary interest weighs clearly more heavily, which is the counter-proposal's main objection. Overall the demand is rejected, but with low confidence.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet vill att fler som väntar på avvisning och utvisning hålls i förvar och att gränsskyddet stärks, och ger de brottsbekämpande myndigheterna mer ingripande verktyg – vilket talar mot att avslå de nya kontrollbefogenheterna. Samtidigt kräver planen att staten med kraft bekämpar all diskriminering och att integritetsingrepp bara är berättigade om motstående intresse väger uppenbart tyngre, vilket är motförslagets huvudinvändning. Sammantaget avvisas kravet, men med låg konfidens.
- enforcement of immigration controldecisive»Fler som väntar på både utvisning och avvisning ska hållas i förvar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More people waiting for both expulsion and refusal of entry shall be held in detention.”
- effective border protection»För att stärka det yttre gränsskyddet och rättssäkerheten behöver EU på sikt helt ta över ansvaret för kontrollen av unionens yttre gränser.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“To strengthen external border protection and legal certainty, the EU needs in the longer term to completely take over responsibility for control of the union's external borders.”
- against ethnic profiling»Därför ska staten med kraft bekämpa all slags rasism, diskriminering och intolerans.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore the state shall with force combat all kinds of racism, discrimination and intolerance.”
- proportionality in integrity infringements»är endast berättigade om ett motstående intresse väger uppenbart tyngre och åtgärden är effektiv.« (party programme ↗)“are only justified if a contrary interest weighs clearly more heavily and the measure is effective.”
flags: motstridiga_principer
The plan requires strict migration policy, border security and that all crime be prosecuted effectively, and prioritizes combating smuggling and human trafficking.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires strict migration policy, border security and that all crime be prosecuted effectively, and prioritizes combating smuggling and human trafficking. Denying the police authority to check identity in border-adjacent areas contradicts this. The plan's requirements for clearly delimited authority and protected integrity justify restrictions, not that the authority is absent.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver stram migrationspolitik, gränsskydd och att alla brott beivras effektivt, och den prioriterar bekämpning av smuggling och människohandel. Att neka polisen befogenheter att kontrollera identitet i gränsnära områden går emot detta. Planens krav på tydligt avgränsade befogenheter och skyddad integritet motiverar begränsningar, inte att befogenheten uteblir.
- strict migration policydecisive»Stram migrationspolitik krävs för att ta itu med integrationsproblem och utanförskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strict migration policy is required to address integration problems and exclusion.”
- territorial integrity and border security»Det sker i regel bäst genom att värna territoriell integritet och utöva gränsskydd« (party programme ↗)“This is usually best done by protecting territorial integrity and exercising border security”
- crime must be prosecuted»Alla brott ska effektivt och utan undantag beivras« (party programme ↗)“All crime shall be effectively and without exception prosecuted”
- delimited authority»Det europeiska polissamarbetet ska vara väl utvecklat samtidigt som dess befogenheter ska vara tydligt avgränsade« (party programme ↗)“European police cooperation shall be well developed while its authority shall be clearly delimited”
The plan makes border control a core task — Sweden must be able to hold the border — and explicitly wants to give police and customs stronger powers, including search zones, to stop foreign theft gangs and arms smuggling.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan makes border control a core task — Sweden must be able to hold the border — and explicitly wants to give police and customs stronger powers, including search zones, to stop foreign theft gangs and arms smuggling. The counter-proposal wants to deny police exactly the border control powers in border areas that this line presupposes. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's demands.
Original (Swedish)
Planen gör gränskontroll till en kärnuppgift — Sverige måste kunna hålla gränsen — och vill uttryckligen ge polis och tull kraftfullare befogenheter, bland annat visitationszoner, för att stoppa utländska stöldligor och vapensmuggling. Motförslaget vill neka polisen just de kontrollbefogenheter i gränsnära områden som denna linje förutsätter. Planen talar därför mot motförslagets krav.
- control of the borderdecisive»Sverige måste kunna hålla gränsen.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden must be able to hold the border.”
- strong border powers»Stärka tullen med mer resurser och kraftfulla befogenheter för att stoppa stöldligor och vapensmugglare« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen customs with more resources and strong powers to stop theft gangs and arms smugglers”
- search without criminal suspicion»Införa visitationszoner så att Polisen får bättre möjligheter att leta efter vapen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce search zones so that the Police have better opportunities to search for weapons”
- theft gangs as a border problem»Sverige har samtidigt blivit hårt drabbat av utländska stöldligor – som plockar på sig bilar, bildelar, båtmotorer och dyra föremål och för dem ut ur landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden has at the same time been hard hit by foreign theft gangs – picking up cars, car parts, boat motors and valuable items and taking them out of the country.”
The election manifesto wants to combat the shadow economy and illegal migration with more controls and more deportations and lower thresholds for detention and enforcement of deportations.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto wants to combat the shadow economy and illegal migration with more controls and more deportations and lower thresholds for detention and enforcement of deportations. The counter-proposal instead wants to stop identity checks in border-near areas of people assumed to be foreigners. This directly contradicts the plan's commitment to expanded controls and police tools.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet vill bekämpa skuggsamhället och den illegala migrationen med fler kontroller och fler utvisningar och sänka trösklarna för att ta i förvar och verkställa utvisningar. Motförslaget vill tvärtom stoppa identitetskontroller i gränsnära områden av personer som antas vara utlänningar. Det strider direkt mot planens åtagande om utökade kontroller och polisens verktyg.
- more controls against the shadow economydecisive»Bekämpa skuggsamhället och illegal migration med fler kontroller och fler utvisningar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Combat the shadow economy and illegal migration with more controls and more deportations”
- lowered detention thresholds»Trösklarna för att ta i förvar och utvisa personer samt verkställa utvisningar behöver också sänkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Thresholds for detention and deporting people as well as enforcing deportations also need to be lowered.”
- the shadow economy as problem»Många har dessutom fått avslag på sin asylansökan men ändå valt att stannat, kunnat ta del av välfärden och bidragit till framväxten av det så kallade skuggsamhället.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Many have moreover been denied asylum but nonetheless chosen to stay, been able to access welfare and contributed to the emergence of the so-called shadow economy.”
- police tools»Ge polisen förutsättningarna för att bekämpa brottslighet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Give police the conditions to combat crime”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:JuU26)
- Committee report full text (HA01JuU26)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:2393 — med anledning av prop. 2022/23:109 Utökade polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden av Gudrun Nordborg m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:2394 — med anledning av prop. 2022/23:109 Utökade polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden av Rasmus Ling m.fl. (MP)
- Proposition 2022/23:109 — Utökade polisiära befogenheter i gränsnära områden
Source: The Swedish Parliament