2025-12-102025/26:FöU2 · p.2FöUDefence
Financing of the new law
Financing of the cybersecurity law for municipalities and regions
What's at stake: Municipalities and regions are key actors in civil defence and must now also meet new requirements for security measures and incident reporting. The decision affects whether they will have the financial room to meet both the cybersecurity law's requirements and their existing responsibilities in healthcare and welfare, at a time when many of them are already in a tight fiscal position.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the government should return with an in-depth analysis of the economic consequences of the cybersecurity law for municipalities and regions and ensure adequate funding, or whether the general state grants already announced should be considered sufficient.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee endorses the government's cybersecurity law proposal and rejects the motion for an in-depth analysis of the economic consequences for municipalities and regions. The committee proceeds on the assumption that the increased general state grants the government has announced for the coming year give municipalities and regions reasonable scope to finance implementation, and views the funding question as part of the ordinary budget process rather than grounds for a separate, in-depth analysis.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (V, MP)
The reservation (V, MP) welcomes the law as a step to strengthen Sweden's resilience against cyber threats, but expresses concern about how it will be financed. Many consultation bodies have pointed out that implementation risks being costly, particularly for municipalities and regions already in a tight fiscal position, and the reservation's authors are unsure whether the announced increase in state grants will be sufficient given the other demands placed on the sector by the build-up of total defence. They want the government to return with an in-depth analysis of the economic consequences for the public sector and to ensure adequate funding for municipalities and regions.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by V, MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: KDKristdemokraterna, SDSverigedemokraterna
Ja 259–34Ja 183–110
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/18/0/4 | match | confidence: medium | derived |
| S | No | Yes 92/0/0/14 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | No | No 0/14/0/4 | match | confidence: low | derived |
| C | No | Yes 19/0/0/5 | differs | confidence: low | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 13/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: low | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 15/0/0/4 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: medium | explicit |
| M | No | Yes 59/0/0/9 | differs | confidence: low | derived |
| SD | No | Yes 61/0/0/11 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motion 2025/26:3834 by Ulf Holm et al. (MP).
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motion 2025/26:3834 av Ulf Holm m.fl. (MP).
Riksdag decision: To achieve a high cybersecurity level in society, the government proposes a new cybersecurity law aimed at implementing the so-called NIS 2 directive. The Riksdag approved the government's proposal. The proposal means that public and private operators in certain designated sectors are to take measures to protect their networks and information systems and report significant incidents. The proposal also means that a supervisory authority is to intervene if an operator breaches provisions in the law. The NIS 2 directive was decided by the EU in 2022 and aims to achieve a high common cybersecurity level throughout the union. The Riksdag also approved the government's proposal to amend other laws concerning electronic communications, top-level domains, and confidentiality. The new rules enter into force on 15 January 2026.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to conduct a detailed analysis of financing the implementation of the cybersecurity law to ensure municipalities and regions have economic resources to fulfill their responsibilities. (V, MP) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The election manifesto requires that redistribution from the state to regions and municipalities increases, with special attention to municipalities and regions that cannot balance their finances.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto requires that redistribution from the state to regions and municipalities increases, with special attention to municipalities and regions that cannot balance their finances. A new state-regulated commitment such as the cybersecurity law without secured financing goes against that principle. The party programme's requirement that the state has overall responsibility and that costs are distributed solidarily across the country points in the same direction as the counter-proposal's requirement for in-depth analysis and secured financing.
Original (Swedish)
Valplattformen kräver att omfördelningen från stat till region och kommun ökar, med särskild hänsyn till kommuner och regioner som inte får ihop sin ekonomi. Ett nytt statligt reglerat åtagande som cybersäkerhetslagen utan säkerställd finansiering går tvärtemot den principen. Partiprogrammets krav på att staten har det övergripande ansvaret och att kostnader fördelas solidariskt över landet pekar åt samma håll som motförslagets krav på fördjupad analys och säkrad finansiering.
- increased redistribution to municipalitiesdecisive»Omfördelningen från stat till region och kommun måste öka och särskild hänsyn ska tas till de många kommuner och regioner som idag inte får ihop sin ekonomi« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Redistribution from the state to regions and municipalities must increase and special attention must be paid to the many municipalities and regions that today cannot balance their finances”
- solidary cost distribution»Inkomster och kostnader behöver fördelas solidariskt över landet.« (party programme ↗)“Incomes and costs need to be distributed solidarily across the country.”
- the state's responsibility for welfare»övergripande ansvaret för välfärden.« (party programme ↗)“overall responsibility for welfare.”
The plan commits to continuing to increase state grants to municipalities and regions and that welfare shall have long-term and sustainable financing.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan commits to continuing to increase state grants to municipalities and regions and that welfare shall have long-term and sustainable financing. New state requirements on municipalities and regions for cybersecurity shall therefore be followed by secured financing, which is what the counter-proposal requests. The demand for a deeper impact analysis is in line with the plan's view of the municipal self-governance's economic conditions.
Original (Swedish)
Planen åtar sig att fortsätta öka statens bidrag till kommuner och regioner och att välfärden ska ha en långsiktig och hållbar finansiering. Nya statliga krav på kommuner och regioner för cybersäkerhet ska därför följas av säkrad finansiering, vilket är vad motförslaget begär. Kravet på en fördjupad konsekvensanalys ligger i linje med planens syn på det kommunala självstyrets ekonomiska förutsättningar.
- increased state grantsdecisive»Vi vill fortsätta öka statens bidrag till kommuner och regioner.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We wish to continue to increase state grants to municipalities and regions.”
- sustainable welfare financing»En välfärd med långsiktig och hållbar finansiering.« (party programme ↗)“Welfare with long-term and sustainable financing.”
- municipal self-governance»Kommunalt och regionalt självstyre med beskattningsrätt.« (party programme ↗)“Municipal and regional self-governance with tax powers.”
- equalisation between municipalities»Kommunalt utjämningssystem för nationell likvärdighet.« (party programme ↗)“Municipal equalisation system for national equivalence.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address cybersecurity law financing, but it states that municipalities cannot bear the entire cost of large transitions and that the state must contribute and guarantee support to municipalities that take on major societal responsibility.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address cybersecurity law financing, but it states that municipalities cannot bear the entire cost of large transitions and that the state must contribute and guarantee support to municipalities that take on major societal responsibility. The plan simultaneously wants to strengthen civil defence with increased allocations. The demand for deepened analysis and ensured funding for municipalities and regions thus lies close to the plan's principle.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte cybersäkerhetslagens finansiering, men den slår fast att kommunerna inte kan bära hela kostnaden för stora omställningar och att staten måste bidra och garantera stöd till kommuner som tar stort samhällsansvar. Planen vill samtidigt stärka det civila försvaret med ökade anslag. Kravet på fördjupad analys och säkerställd finansiering för kommuner och regioner ligger därmed nära planens princip.
- state finances municipal tasksdecisive»Kommuner kan inte bära hela det ekonomiska ansvaret för en sådan omställning – staten måste bidra.« (party programme ↗)“Municipalities cannot bear the entire economic responsibility for such a transition – the state must contribute.”
- state support to municipalities»Det medför också ett ansvar för staten att garantera stöd för kommuner som redan tar ett stort samhällsansvar.« (party programme ↗)“It also entails a responsibility for the state to guarantee support for municipalities that already take on major societal responsibility.”
- strengthened civil defence»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest a larger share of defence spending in civil defence, and increase allocations to crisis preparedness.”
- civil defence prioritised»Därför måste det civila försvaret stärkas« (party programme ↗)“Therefore civil defence must be strengthened”
The plan establishes that new state ambitions shall not be dumped on the municipalities and that policy shall be a good steward of taxpayers' money within a protected fiscal framework.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that new state ambitions shall not be dumped on the municipalities and that policy shall be a good steward of taxpayers' money within a protected fiscal framework. At the same time, the buildup of civil defence is a prioritized commitment, which presumes that municipalities and regions actually have financing for the requirements imposed. This speaks for the counter-proposal's requirement for a deeper analysis and secured financing.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att nya statliga ambitioner inte ska vältras över på kommunerna och att politiken ska hushålla med skattebetalarnas pengar inom ett värnat finanspolitiskt ramverk. Samtidigt är uppbyggnaden av det civila försvaret ett prioriterat åtagande, vilket förutsätter att kommuner och regioner faktiskt har finansiering för de krav som ställs. Det talar för motförslagets krav på en fördjupad analys och säkrad finansiering.
- the state shall not dump costsdecisive»Vi vill göra förskola och fritidsverksamhet tillgänglig för alla, utan att dessa kostnader drabbar kommunerna« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to make preschool and leisure activities accessible to all, without these costs burdening the municipalities”
- order in public finances»Det finanspolitiska ramverket ska värnas och förstärkas, och Sveriges långsiktiga ekonomiska stabilitet ska försvaras. Politiken ska hushålla med skattebetalarnas pengar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The fiscal framework shall be protected and strengthened, and Sweden's long-term economic stability shall be defended. Policy must be a good steward of taxpayers' money.”
- buildup of civil defence»Även det civila försvaret är livsviktigt. Vi måste rusta civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap inför krig och kris.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Civil defence is also vital. We must arm civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis.”
- municipal self-governance»Decentralisering handlar om att flytta makten närmare människors vardag.« (party programme ↗)“Decentralization is about moving power closer to people's daily lives.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan says nothing about financing of the cybersecurity law specifically.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan says nothing about financing of the cybersecurity law specifically. The nearest principle is that the economic conditions of municipalities and regions shall be equalized with respect to factors they cannot influence and that the development of civil defense shall take place at the same pace as military rearmament. Based on that, a more in-depth analysis of costs for municipalities and regions is reasonable, but the plan provides only general principles.
Original (Swedish)
Planen säger inget om finansieringen av just cybersäkerhetslagen. Närmast liggande princip är att kommunernas och regionernas ekonomiska villkor ska utjämnas med avseende på faktorer de inte kan påverka och att uppbyggnaden av det civila försvaret ska ske i samma takt som den militära upprustningen. Utifrån det är en fördjupad analys av kostnaderna för kommuner och regioner rimlig, men planen ger bara allmänna principer.
- equalized municipal conditionsdecisive»De ekonomiska villkoren för kommuner och regioner behöver därför utjämnas med avseende på faktorer som inte går att påverka.« (party programme ↗)“The economic conditions for municipalities and regions therefore need to be equalized with respect to factors that cannot be influenced.”
- financed civil defense»det civila försvaret stärkas i samma takt som det militära« (2022 manifesto ↗)“civil defense is strengthened at the same pace as the military”
- order in public finances»Stabila offentliga finanser och låg statsskuld skapar utrymme för Sverige att möta kriser utan att välfärden hotas.« (party programme ↗)“Stable public finances and low government debt create space for Sweden to meet crises without welfare being threatened.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that the financing principle be respected when the state imposes new tasks on municipalities, and that the state supports municipalities that lack the tax base for their statutory obligations.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that the financing principle be respected when the state imposes new tasks on municipalities, and that the state supports municipalities that lack the tax base for their statutory obligations. A new cyber security act that places costly requirements on municipalities and regions activates precisely this. The counter-proposal's requirement for a deepened impact analysis with secured financing is therefore supported by the plan, which also requires that the consequences of decisions be considered.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att finansieringsprincipen respekteras när staten ålägger kommunerna nya uppgifter, och att staten stödjer kommuner som saknar skatteunderlag för sina lagstadgade skyldigheter. En ny cybersäkerhetslag som lägger kostsamma krav på kommuner och regioner aktualiserar just detta. Motförslagets krav på en fördjupad konsekvensanalys med säkerställd finansiering stöds därför av planen, som också kräver att beslutens konsekvenser beaktas.
- the financing principledecisive»Finansieringsprincipen måste respekteras när staten ålägger« (party programme ↗)“The financing principle must be respected when the state imposes”
- state support for weak municipalities»Det är en statlig uppgift att stödja kommuner som inte har ett tillräckligt skatteunderlag för« (party programme ↗)“It is a state task to support municipalities that do not have a sufficient tax base for”
- municipal self-governance»Kommunal demokrati förutsätter kommunal självstyrelse.« (party programme ↗)“Municipal democracy presupposes municipal self-governance.”
- consequences must be considered»Alla politiska beslut bör fattas i enlighet med förvaltarskapsprincipen, vilket innebär att« (party programme ↗)“All political decisions should be made in accordance with the stewardship principle, which means that”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan requires that all new reforms be financed or fit within the budget surplus target and that there is order and control in the economy, which speaks for clarifying the costs for municipalities and regions before the law comes into force.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that all new reforms be financed or fit within the budget surplus target and that there is order and control in the economy, which speaks for clarifying the costs for municipalities and regions before the law comes into force. The plan also wants to secure long-term planning for civil defense, which includes cybersecurity. Respect for tax funds points in the same direction.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att alla nya reformer finansieras eller ryms inom överskottsmålet och att det råder ordning och reda i ekonomin, vilket talar för att kostnaderna för kommuner och regioner klarläggs innan lagen träder i kraft. Planen vill dessutom säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret, där cybersäkerheten ingår. Respekten för skattemedel pekar åt samma håll.
- financed reformsdecisive»Alla nya löften och reformer – som till exempel våra inkomstskattesänkningar – behöver finansieras eller rymmas inom överskottsmålet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“All new promises and reforms – such as our income tax cuts – need to be financed or fit within the budget surplus target.”
- long-term civil defense planning»Säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Secure long-term planning for civil defense”
- order and control in the economy»I tuffa ekonomiska tider krävs ordning och reda i ekonomin.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“In tough economic times, order and control in the economy is required.”
- respect for tax funds»Offentligt slöseri i alla former ska bekämpas.« (party programme ↗)“Public waste in all forms shall be combated.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme establishes that the government should never make decisions about new cost-driving commitments for municipalities without fully compensating them.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme establishes that the government should never make decisions about new cost-driving commitments for municipalities without fully compensating them. The counter-proposal's requirement for an in-depth analysis of the Cyber Security Act's economic consequences for municipalities and regions with secured financing is a direct application of that financing principle. The plan moreover wants emergency appropriations to increase and every public investment to report clear results.
Original (Swedish)
Principprogrammet slår fast att staten aldrig bör fatta beslut om nya kostnadsdrivande åtaganden för kommunerna utan att fullt ut kompensera dem. Motförslagets krav på en fördjupad analys av cybersäkerhetslagens ekonomiska konsekvenser för kommuner och regioner med säkerställd finansiering är en direkt tillämpning av den finansieringsprincipen. Planen vill dessutom att beredskapsanslagen ökar och att varje offentlig satsning redovisar tydliga resultat.
- municipal financing principledecisive»kostnadsdrivande åtaganden för kommunerna utan att fullt ut kompensera dem för« (party programme ↗)“cost-driving commitments for municipalities without fully compensating them for.”
- increased emergency appropriations»Anslagen till de myndigheter som har övergripande ansvar för civilförsvar, krisledning och beredskap bör öka och stödet till civilorganisationer med samhällsuppdrag ska stärkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Appropriations to authorities with overarching responsibility for civil defence, crisis management and emergency preparedness should increase and support to civil organisations with public assignments shall be strengthened.”
- result requirements for public investments»Begära tydliga resultat för varje offentlig satsning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Demand clear results for every public investment.”
- stewardship of tax funds»Skala bort onödiga utgifter i det offentliga« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Scale away unnecessary spending in the public sector.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2025/26:FöU2)
- Committee report full text (HD01FöU2)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2025/26:3405 — Ökad civil försvarsförmåga och stärkt krisberedskap av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2025/26:3556 — Totalförsvarets beredskap av Peter Hultqvist m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2025/26:3652 — En digital politik som bygger jämlikhet och tillväxt av Aylin Nouri m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2025/26:3834 — med anledning av prop. 2025/26:28 Ett starkt skydd för nätverks- och informationssystem - en ny cybersäkerhetslag av Ulf Holm m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2025/26:3838 — med anledning av prop. 2025/26:28 Ett starkt skydd för nätverks- och informationssystem - en ny cybersäkerhetslag av Mikael Larsson och Niels Paarup-Petersen (båda C)
- Proposition 2025/26:28 — Ett starkt skydd för nätverks- och informationssystem - en ny cybersäkerhetslag
Source: The Swedish Parliament