2023-03-302022/23:NU13 · p.11NUBusiness & energy

Accessibility and mapping

Mapping of critical minerals for the climate transition

What's at stake: The issue is whether the state should actively map the availability of metals such as neodymium, praseodymium, cobalt and lithium, which are needed for wind power, electric vehicles and batteries — a mapping that could affect both the pace of the climate transition and the terms of extraction.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the government should instruct the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) to map and report which critical minerals are needed and available in Sweden for the climate transition, or whether the committee opposes such an assignment.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee opposes the motions calling for a government assignment to SGU to map critical minerals.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 16 (V)

The reservation (V) wants the government to instruct SGU to report which critical minerals are needed and available in Sweden for the climate transition. The reason given is that demand for metals such as neodymium, praseodymium, cobalt and lithium is rising fast and that extraction needs to be conducted sustainably and under good working conditions.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 16 by V.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoYes 93/0/0/14departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPNoYes 15/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MNoYes 59/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDNoAbstain 0/0/64/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:936 by Tobias Andersson et al. (SD) amendment 8 and 2022/23:1235 by Nooshi Dadgostar et al. (V) amendment 16.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:936 av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD) yrkande 8 och 2022/23:1235 av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V) yrkande 16.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag issued a directive, a tillkännagivande (formal communication), to the government regarding the role of authorities in permit processes. The committee considers that authorities in connection with permit processes should work in a more advisory and solution-oriented manner than previously. The directive is based on a proposal in a motion from the general motion period 2022 regarding mineral policy issues. The Riksdag rejected approximately 40 proposals in other motions. These concern, among other things, permits and permit processes, prohibition against mining, property rights and compensation, as well as so-called innovation-critical metals and minerals.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto demands that the state increase its control over the resources needed to carry out the climate transition and that investments in green technology and expanded energy capacity be made with strengthened governance.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto demands that the state increase its control over the resources needed to carry out the climate transition and that investments in green technology and expanded energy capacity be made with strengthened governance. A mapping mandate for which critical minerals the transition requires is a tool for precisely a planned and state-controlled transition. The plan simultaneously emphasizes increased recycling and that environmental considerations are paramount, which conditions how extraction may take place.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver att staten ökar sin kontroll över de resurser som behövs för att genomföra klimatomställningen och att investeringar i grön teknik och utbyggd energikapacitet görs med stärkt styrning. Ett kartläggningsuppdrag om vilka kritiska mineral omställningen kräver är ett verktyg för just en planerad och samhällsstyrd omställning. Planen betonar samtidigt ökad återvinning och att miljöhänsynen är överordnad, vilket villkorar hur brytningen får ske.

  • state control over transition resourcesdecisive»Staten måste öka sin kontroll över infrastruktur och resurser som behövs för att genomföra klimatomställningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The state must increase its control over infrastructure and resources needed to carry out the climate transition.”
  • strengthened transition governance»Investeringar i grön teknik, industri och infrastruktur, utbyggd energikapacitet och stärkt styrning utifrån nya, skärpta klimatmål behövs.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Investments in green technology, industry and infrastructure, expanded energy capacity and strengthened governance based on new, stricter climate goals are needed.”
  • recycling before new extraction»Återanvändning och återvinning av material behöver öka.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reuse and recycling of materials need to increase.”
  • environmental considerations paramount»de långsiktiga miljöhänsynen måste vara överordnade« (party programme ↗)“the long-term environmental considerations must be paramount”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan makes climate transition the state's responsibility and wants to increase the pace of industrial transition through state investments, with battery factories and fossil-free steel as concrete examples.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan makes climate transition the state's responsibility and wants to increase the pace of industrial transition through state investments, with battery factories and fossil-free steel as concrete examples. A mapping of which critical minerals the transition requires is a direct part of that steering, and the party programme requires that natural resources be used more efficiently. The plan does not mention SGU, but the direction is unambiguous.

Original (Swedish)

Planen gör klimatomställningen till statens uppgift och vill öka takten i industrins omställning genom statliga investeringar, med batterifabriker och fossilfritt stål som konkreta exempel. En kartläggning av vilka kritiska mineral omställningen kräver är ett direkt led i den styrningen, och partiprogrammet kräver att naturtillgångarna används mer effektivt. Planen nämner inte SGU, men riktningen är entydig.

  • the state drives industrial transitiondecisive»Politiken måste ta ett större ansvar. Det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast. Genom statliga investeringar kan vi öka takten i industrins omställning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Policy must take greater responsibility. The climate policy framework shall remain fixed. Through state investments we can increase the pace of industrial transition”
  • green industry in Sweden»Nu tillverkar vi fossilfritt stål i Sverige, vi bygger elbilar och vi ser hur nedlagda industrier blir till batterifabriker.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Now we manufacture fossil-free steel in Sweden, we build electric cars and we see how closed industries become battery factories.”
  • efficient resource use»Naturtillgångarna måste användas mer effektivt och energiproduktionen ställas om.« (party programme ↗)“Natural resources must be used more efficiently and energy production must be transformed.”
  • investment in green technology»Vi vill satsa på grön teknik, digitalisering och utbildning så att företagsklimatet stärks och kompetensförsörjningen förbättras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to invest in green technology, digitalisation and education so that the business environment is strengthened and skills supply is improved.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that the mining industry should be based on long-term stewardship of mineral resources and that environmental considerations should outweigh exploitation interests.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that the mining industry should be based on long-term stewardship of mineral resources and that environmental considerations should outweigh exploitation interests. A mapping of which critical minerals the transition requires is precisely the knowledge foundation such stewardship presupposes, and the pace of the transition in the election manifesto makes the need urgent. The counter-proposal's demand for sustainable mining aligns with the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att gruvnäringen ska bygga på långsiktig hushållning med mineraltillgångar och att miljöhänsyn ska väga tyngre än exploateringsintressen. En kartläggning av vilka kritiska mineral omställningen kräver är just det kunskapsunderlag en sådan hushållning förutsätter, och omställningens tempo i valmanifestet gör behovet akut. Motförslagets krav på hållbar brytning ligger i linje med planen.

  • long-term mineral stewardshipdecisive»Gruvnäringen i Sverige ska bygga på långsiktig hushållning med mineraltillgångar. Miljöhänsyn ska väga tyngre än kortsiktiga exploateringsintressen.« (party programme ↗)“The mining industry in Sweden should be based on long-term stewardship of mineral resources. Environmental considerations should outweigh short-term exploitation interests.”
  • stewardship of finite resources»minska användningen av ändliga resurser, sluta slösa med energi och material och i ökad utsträckning återanvända och återvinna« (party programme ↗)“reduce the use of finite resources, stop wasting energy and materials and increasingly reuse and recycle”
  • rapid climate transition»investera minst 100 miljarder per år i att ställa om så att Sverige blir ett fossilfritt välfärdsland senast år 2030.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest at least 100 billion per year in the transition so that Sweden becomes a fossil-free welfare state by 2030 at the latest.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto establishes that Sweden should extract more minerals and metals itself rather than import them from countries with greater climate footprint and worse working conditions, and that the transition requires precisely these metals.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto establishes that Sweden should extract more minerals and metals itself rather than import them from countries with greater climate footprint and worse working conditions, and that the transition requires precisely these metals. A mapping of which critical minerals are needed and available is a direct means to that commitment. The plan does not however mention SGU or mapping assignments as such, so the support is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet slår fast att Sverige bör utvinna mer mineral och metaller själv i stället för att importera dem från länder med större klimatavtryck och sämre arbetsvillkor, och att omställningen kräver just dessa metaller. En kartläggning av vilka kritiska mineral som behövs och finns tillgängliga är ett direkt medel för det åtagandet. Planen nämner dock inte SGU eller kartläggningsuppdrag som sådana, varför stödet är härlett.

  • increased domestic mineral extractiondecisive»Det är bättre att Sverige tar ansvar och utvinner mer mineral och metaller istället för att fortsätta importera dem från länder med större klimatavtryck och sämre arbetsvillkor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is better for Sweden to take responsibility and extract more minerals and metals instead of continuing to import them from countries with greater climate footprint and worse working conditions.”
  • minerals for green transition»Med rätt reformer kommer nya jobb att skapas på landsbygden inom allt från produktion av biobränslen till utvinning av de mineral och metaller som krävs för den gröna omställningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“With the right reforms, new jobs will be created in the countryside from everything from biofuel production to extraction of the minerals and metals needed for the green transition.”
  • resource efficiency and circularity»Sverige ska bli världens mest resurseffektiva land och ekonomin mer cirkulär.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall become the world's most resource-efficient country and the economy more circular.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan bases environment and climate policy on knowledge and new technology, and the transition presupposes access to critical metals.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan bases environment and climate policy on knowledge and new technology, and the transition presupposes access to critical metals. A mapping of which critical minerals are needed and available is a knowledge activity entirely in line with this. The plan also sees strategic dependencies on undemocratic states as a security policy issue, which further speaks for the need to be mapped.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger miljö- och klimatpolitiken på kunskap och ny teknik, och omställningen förutsätter tillgång till kritiska metaller. En kartläggning av vilka kritiska mineral som behövs och finns är en kunskapsinsats helt i linje med detta. Planen ser dessutom strategiska beroenden av odemokratiska stater som en säkerhetspolitisk fråga, vilket ytterligare talar för att behovet kartläggs.

  • knowledge-based environmental policydecisive»Liberal miljöpolitik handlar om ansvarstagande utifrån kunskap och marknadsekonomiskt tänkande.« (party programme ↗)“Liberal environmental policy is about taking responsibility based on knowledge and market economy thinking.”
  • technology in climate transition»ny teknik och nya lösningar är en del av lösningen på klimatutmaningen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“new technology and new solutions are part of the solution to the climate challenge”
  • strategic dependencies as security issue»odemokratiska eller rentav totalitära stater förvärvar strategiska tillgångar i demokratiska länder« (party programme ↗)“undemocratic or outright totalitarian states acquire strategic assets in democratic countries”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The stewardship principle means not passive preservation but responsible use and enhancement of assets, which requires knowledge of which minerals exist and are needed.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The stewardship principle means not passive preservation but responsible use and enhancement of assets, which requires knowledge of which minerals exist and are needed. The plan also demands that Sweden in principle be able to meet the population's energy supply and be in the forefront of research. A mapping of critical minerals is thus compatible with the plan, even if the task as such is not addressed.

Original (Swedish)

Förvaltarskapsprincipen innebär inget passivt bevarande utan ett ansvarsfullt brukande och förädlande av tillgångarna, vilket förutsätter kunskap om vilka mineral som finns och behövs. Planen kräver också att Sverige i princip kan svara för befolkningens energiförsörjning och ligger i främsta ledet i forskning. En kartläggning av kritiska mineral är därmed förenlig med planen, även om uppdraget som sådant inte berörs.

  • active stewardshipdecisive»Förvaltarskapsprincipen innebär inget passivt bevarande, utan ett ansvarsfullt brukande och förädlande av tillgångarna.« (party programme ↗)“The stewardship principle means not passive preservation but responsible use and enhancement of assets.”
  • secure supply»kunna svara för befolkningens livsmedels- och energi« (party programme ↗)“be able to meet the population's food and energy”
  • knowledge and research in the forefront»ligga i främsta ledet när det gäller satsningar på forskning och utbildning.« (party programme ↗)“be in the forefront when it comes to investments in research and education.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that Sweden's rich mineral resources can be extracted responsibly and that vulnerability should decrease through higher self-sufficiency.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that Sweden's rich mineral resources can be extracted responsibly and that vulnerability should decrease through higher self-sufficiency. An assignment to report which critical minerals are needed and available is a knowledge base for precisely this. The plan also maintains that science and facts should be leading in environmental policy.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att Sveriges rika mineraltillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och att sårbarheten ska minska genom högre självförsörjningsgrad. Ett uppdrag att redovisa vilka kritiska mineral som behövs och finns tillgängliga är ett kunskapsunderlag för just detta. Planen håller också fast vid att vetenskap och fakta ska vara ledande i miljöpolitiken.

  • responsible mineral extractiondecisive»Våra rika mineraltillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och långsiktigt hållbart.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our rich mineral resources shall be able to be extracted responsibly and sustainably long-term.”
  • reduced vulnerability, increased self-sufficiency»Det nya säkerhetsläget i Europa gör att vi som land måste minska vår sårbarhet och öka vår självförsörjningsgrad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The new security situation in Europe means that as a country we must reduce our vulnerability and increase our self-sufficiency rate.”
  • knowledge-based environmental policyweak support»Vetenskap och fakta ska vara ledande i klimat- och miljöpolitiken.« (party programme ↗)“Science and facts should be leading in climate and environmental policy.”

flags: citat_svagt

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoAbstaindeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants it to become easier and faster to open mines for the minerals needed, that rural areas' mineral values be made use of and that self-sufficiency in critical goods increases.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants it to become easier and faster to open mines for the minerals needed, that rural areas' mineral values be made use of and that self-sufficiency in critical goods increases. A mapping mandate to SGU (Geological Survey of Sweden) about which critical minerals exist and are needed serves this purpose directly. The plan's objections to expensive climate policy concern costly measures, not knowledge base about domestic mineral resources.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att det blir enklare och snabbare att öppna gruvor för de mineraler som behövs, att landsbygdens mineralvärden tas till vara och att självförsörjningsgraden av kritiska varor ökar. Ett kartläggningsuppdrag till SGU om vilka kritiska mineral som finns och behövs tjänar direkt detta syfte. Planens invändningar mot dyr klimatpolitik rör kostsamma åtgärder, inte kunskapsunderlag om inhemska mineraltillgångar.

  • open more minesdecisive»Det behöver också bli enklare och gå snabbare att öppna gruvor för de mineraler som behövs för exempelvis tillverkning av batterier.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It also needs to become easier and faster to open mines for the minerals needed for, for example, battery manufacturing.”
  • increased self-sufficiency»Öka den svenska självförsörjningsgraden av kritiska produkter och varor« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase Sweden's self-sufficiency rate in critical products and goods”
  • make use of mineral values»Värdet på mineraler i marken, på skogar och potentialen för rekreation och turism är enorm på landsbygden.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The value of minerals in the ground, forests and the potential for recreation and tourism are enormous in rural areas.”
  • industry first»Prioritera svensk industri och konkurrenskraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Prioritise Swedish industry and competitiveness”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament