2024-06-182023/24:UFöU1 · p.6UFöUDefence
Jurisdiction etc.
Jurisdiction and immunity for US forces under the defense cooperation agreement
What's at stake: The rules determine which country's courts handle crimes that US military personnel might commit against Swedish citizens, affecting the legal protection of victims and witnesses who might otherwise be forced to pursue their cases in a US military court.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the agreement's provisions on jurisdiction and immunity for US forces give Swedish citizens sufficient legal protection, or whether Sweden should demand narrower limits on US jurisdiction.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee rejects the motions on jurisdiction. The reason is that the committee, like the government, regards the deepened defense and security cooperation with the US - of which the agreement is part - as necessary for Sweden's security given the worsened security situation, and finds no reason to change the agreement's terms, including its jurisdiction provisions.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 7 (V)
The reservation (V) argues that the agreement grants US forces immunity, so that Swedish crime victims risk having their cases heard in a US military court rather than a Swedish court. The reasoning is that the party wants the government to require that the agreement not give the US jurisdiction beyond the bases, and it also points to unclear rules on carrying weapons outside official duty.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 7 by V.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/20/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: high | derived |
| S | Yes | Yes 93/0/0/13 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | No | Abstain 0/0/15/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| C | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | Yes | Yes 13/0/0/3 | follows the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| SD | No | Yes 63/0/0/9 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:2900 by Håkan Svenneling et al. (V) demands 4-6 and 2023/24:2902 by Emma Berginger et al. (MP) demand 4.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:2900 av Håkan Svenneling m.fl. (V) yrkandena 4-6 och 2023/24:2902 av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP) yrkande 4.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the agreement on defense cooperation between Sweden and the USA. The agreement is a so-called defense cooperation agreement (DCA agreement) and regulates the specific conditions for the presence of U.S. military forces in Sweden. It concerns, among other things, the legal status of U.S. military personnel, contractors and dependents. The agreement also regulates the USA's right of access to Swedish territory and the right to use certain facilities here. The Riksdag also said yes to the government's proposal on legislative amendments, which are required for Sweden to be able to fulfill its obligations under the DCA agreement. The legal amendments enter into force on the day determined by the government. How the parties voted on the matter The matter was decided through several votes. On the case page for Agreement on Defense Cooperation with the United States of America (UFöU1) are the voting results for all votes in the matter. The Joint Foreign and Defence Committee's report 2023/24:UFöU1 Agreement on Defense Cooperation with the United States of America
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants Sweden to adopt national legislation prohibiting the import, storage and transit of nuclear weapons. (V) — Reservation 7
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The election manifesto makes the Left Party an opponent of an ever-deeper military cooperation with NATO and wants to tear up the host nation agreement, while the party programme requires that Sweden can act independently from superpowers like the USA.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto makes the Left Party an opponent of an ever-deeper military cooperation with NATO and wants to tear up the host nation agreement, while the party programme requires that Sweden can act independently from superpowers like the USA. Requirements that the agreement not give the USA jurisdiction outside the bases are a limitation in that direction. The plan also defends a justice system with independent Swedish courts, which American war law over victims here is in conflict with.
Original (Swedish)
Valplattformen gör Vänsterpartiet till motståndare till ett allt djupare militärt samarbete med NATO och vill riva upp värdlandsavtalet, medan partiprogrammet kräver att Sverige kan agera självständigt från stormakter som USA. Krav på att avtalet inte ger USA jurisdiktion utanför baserna är en begränsning i den riktningen. Planen försvarar också ett rättsväsende med självständiga svenska domstolar, vilket amerikansk krigsrätt över brottsoffer här står i strid med.
- against deeper NATO cooperationdecisive»Därför är Vänsterpartiet motståndare till Sveriges allt djupare militära samarbete med NATO och EU, och vi är det enda riksdagspartiet som konsekvent värnar och vill återupprätta svensk alliansfrihet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore, the Left Party is opposed to Sweden's ever-deeper military cooperation with NATO and EU, and we are the only Riksdag party that consistently values and wants to restore Swedish non-alignment.”
- tear up the host nation agreement»Vänsterpartiet vill att Sverige river upp värdlandsavtalet med NATO.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party wants Sweden to tear up the host nation agreement with NATO.”
- independence from superpowers»Det är viktigt att Sverige kan agera självständigt från stormakter som« (party programme ↗)“It is important that Sweden can act independently from superpowers like”
- independent Swedish courts»Samhället behöver ett väl fungerande rättsväsende, med självständiga« (party programme ↗)“Society needs a well-functioning justice system, with independent”
The election manifesto's strongest security policy commitment is NATO membership as the best path for Sweden's security and even more cooperation with security guarantees, including continued international defence collaboration.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto's strongest security policy commitment is NATO membership as the best path for Sweden's security and even more cooperation with security guarantees, including continued international defence collaboration. The plan imposes no conditions regarding judicial authority or immunity in such agreements. The requirement that the agreement must not give the USA jurisdiction outside the bases therefore receives no support, although the plan's principle of equality before the law provides a counterbalance.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestets tyngsta säkerhetspolitiska åtagande är Nato-medlemskap som bästa väg för Sveriges säkerhet och ännu mer samarbete med säkerhetsgarantier, inklusive fortsatta internationella försvarssamarbeten. Planen ställer inga villkor om domsrätt eller immunitet i sådana avtal. Kravet på att avtalet inte får ge USA jurisdiktion utanför baserna får därför inte stöd, även om planens princip om likhet inför lagen utgör en motvikt.
- NATO membership for securitydecisive»Ett svenskt medlemskap i Nato är den bästa vägen för vårt lands säkerhet och Sverige har därför lämnat in sin medlemsansökan.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A Swedish membership in NATO is the best path for our country's security and Sweden has therefore submitted its membership application.”
- cooperation with security guarantees»Men nu krävs ännu mer samarbete, med säkerhetsgarantier, för att trygga vår fred och frihet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“But now more cooperation is required, with security guarantees, to secure our peace and freedom.”
- continued defence collaborations»Vi vill fortsätta internationella samarbeten och utveckla cyberförsvaret och underrättelseförmågan.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to continue international collaborations and develop cyber defence and intelligence capabilities.”
- equality before the law»Vi är lika inför lagbokens paragrafer och i våra myndigheter arbetar plikttrogna tjänstemän med hög integritet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are equal before the paragraphs of the law book and in our agencies dutiful officials work with high integrity.”
The plan wants the leasing of Swedish territory to NATO and other foreign military forces to cease and that Sweden maintains an independent line, which supports the counter-proposal's requirement that the agreement does not grant the USA jurisdiction outside the bases.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants the leasing of Swedish territory to NATO and other foreign military forces to cease and that Sweden maintains an independent line, which supports the counter-proposal's requirement that the agreement does not grant the USA jurisdiction outside the bases. The party programme also puts international law at the centre and requires good civic oversight in all judicial activities and that the crime victim and their victimization are at the centre, which supports the objection against crime victims being referred to American military law. The plan does not address the question of jurisdiction in agreements, so the conclusion is inferred.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill att uthyrningen av svensk mark till Nato och andra utländska militärstyrkor upphör och att Sverige behåller en självständig linje, vilket talar för motförslagets krav på att avtalet inte ger USA jurisdiktion utanför baserna. Partiprogrammet sätter dessutom folkrätten i centrum och kräver god medborgerlig insyn i all rättskipande verksamhet samt att brottsoffret och dennes utsatthet står i centrum, vilket bär invändningen mot att brottsoffer hänvisas till amerikansk krigsrätt. Planen behandlar inte domsrättsfrågan i avtal, så slutsatsen är härledd.
- no foreign military on Swedish territorydecisive»Uthyrningen av svensk mark till NATO och andra utländska militärstyrkor för krigsövningar ska också upphöra.« (party programme ↗)“The leasing of Swedish territory to NATO and other foreign military forces for military exercises shall also cease.”
- the crime victim at the centre»Rättspolitiken ska sätta brottsoffret och dennes utsatthet i centrum.« (party programme ↗)“Legal policy shall put the crime victim and their victimization at the centre.”
- oversight in justice»Det ska finnas god medborgerlig insyn i all rättskipande och rättsvårdande verksamhet« (party programme ↗)“There shall be good civic oversight in all judicial and legal enforcement activities”
- international law at the centre»Miljöpartiet de gröna sätter folkrätten och de mänskliga rättigheterna i centrum.« (party programme ↗)“The Greens place international law and human rights at the centre.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto states that the rule of law and the individual's rights in relation to the state must be defended, that everyone residing in Sweden shall be able to have their case heard and that crime victims shall receive redress.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto states that the rule of law and the individual's rights in relation to the state must be defended, that everyone residing in Sweden shall be able to have their case heard and that crime victims shall receive redress. An agreement that means crime victims in Sweden risk having their cases heard in American military law instead of Swedish court directly impacts these commitments, and the counter-proposal's requirement for limited jurisdiction outside the bases follows from them. That the plan also wants to carry through NATO accession points in the opposite direction but does not affect judicial authority.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet slår fast att rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten måste försvaras, att alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad och att brottsoffer ska få upprättelse. Ett avtal som innebär att brottsoffer i Sverige riskerar att få sina fall prövade i amerikansk krigsrätt i stället för svensk domstol träffar dessa åtaganden direkt, och motförslagets krav på begränsad jurisdiktion utanför baserna följer av dem. Att planen också vill fullfölja Natointrädet talar i motsatt riktning men rör inte domsrätten.
- rule of law defendeddecisive»Rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten måste försvaras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The rule of law and the individual's rights in relation to the state must be defended.”
- right to have one's case heard»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone residing in Sweden shall be able to have their case heard.”
- strengthened crime victim perspective»Brottsofferperspektivet måste stärkas. Den som utsatts för brott ska få upprättelse och bättre stöd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The crime victim perspective must be strengthened. Those subjected to crime shall receive redress and better support.”
- deepened defence cooperation»Centerpartiet vill rusta försvaret, stärka Sveriges civila beredskap och fullfölja inträdet i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party wants to strengthen defence, strengthen Sweden's civil preparedness and carry through NATO membership.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address jurisdiction or legal status for foreign troops.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address jurisdiction or legal status for foreign troops. The nearest principle is that defence cooperation with the USA and NATO is critical for Sweden's security, which speaks against demanding renegotiated terms in the agreement. The plan's requirement for legal certainty and the position of crime victims points in the opposite direction, which is why the confidence is low.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte domsrätt eller rättslig status för utländsk trupp. Närmast liggande princip är att försvarssamarbetet med USA och Nato är avgörande för Sveriges säkerhet, vilket talar mot att kräva omförhandlade villkor i avtalet. Planens krav på rättstrygghet och brottsoffers ställning drar i motsatt riktning, varför säkerheten är låg.
- NATO as cornerstonedecisive»absolut viktigaste samarbetsorganisationen för säkerhet och ömsesidigt försvar i Europa, och är« (party programme ↗)“most important collaborative organization for security and mutual defence in Europe, and is”
- defence cooperation with the USA»Därför ska Sverige gå med i Nato och tillsammans med USA, Kanada och våra europeiska grannar försvara både Sverige och vår del av världen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore, Sweden shall join NATO and together with the USA, Canada and our European neighbours defend both Sweden and our part of the world.”
- legal certainty for all»Alla har rätt att leva i ett samhälle präglat av rättstrygghet.« (party programme ↗)“Everyone has the right to live in a society characterized by legal certainty.”
The party programme requires that all crimes be effectively and without exception addressed and that courts' position be strong and independent, and makes respect for international law and human freedoms and rights a given prerequisite for all security policy cooperation.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme requires that all crimes be effectively and without exception addressed and that courts' position be strong and independent, and makes respect for international law and human freedoms and rights a given prerequisite for all security policy cooperation. The counter-proposal's requirement that the agreement not give the USA jurisdiction outside the bases precisely protects crime victims' access to Swedish courts. That close cooperation in itself is natural does not override the plan's legal certainty requirements. The plan therefore supports the requirement.
Original (Swedish)
Principprogrammet kräver att alla brott effektivt och utan undantag beivras och att domstolarnas ställning är stark och självständig, och gör respekten för folkrätten och de mänskliga fri- och rättigheterna till en given förutsättning för all säkerhetspolitisk samverkan. Motförslagets krav att avtalet inte ska ge USA jurisdiktion utanför baserna värnar just brottsoffrens tillgång till svensk domstol. Att ett nära samarbete i sig är naturligt upphäver inte planens rättssäkerhetskrav. Planen stöder därför kravet.
- crimes shall always be addresseddecisive»Alla brott ska effektivt och utan undantag beivras« (party programme ↗)“All crimes shall be effectively and without exception addressed”
- strong independent courts»Domstolarnas ställning ska vara stark och självständig.« (party programme ↗)“Courts' position shall be strong and independent.”
- international law conditions cooperation»mänskliga fri- och rättigheterna respekteras« (party programme ↗)“human freedoms and rights are respected”
- close cooperation with NATO»med NATO bör, givet nämnda kriterier, vara en naturlig del av svensk säkerhetspolitik« (party programme ↗)“with NATO should, given mentioned criteria, be a natural part of Swedish security policy”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's only commitment that directly concerns judicial authority is that Swedish law applies in all parts of our country, equally for all, and that the state's core is never negotiable.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's only commitment that directly concerns judicial authority is that Swedish law applies in all parts of our country, equally for all, and that the state's core is never negotiable. That crime victims get their case tried in Swedish court also follows from the fact that the justice system must always stand on the crime victim's side. At the same time, the plan wants to deepen military cooperation across the Atlantic, which pulls in the opposite direction.
Original (Swedish)
Planens enda åtagande som direkt berör domsrätt är att svensk lag gäller i alla delar av vårt land, lika för alla, och att statens hårda kärna aldrig är förhandlingsbar. Att brottsoffer får sin sak prövad i svensk domstol följer också av att rättssamhället alltid ska stå på brottsoffrets sida. Samtidigt vill planen fördjupa det militära samarbetet över Atlanten, vilket drar i motsatt riktning.
- Swedish law equal for alldecisive»I Sverige gäller svensk lag och den gäller i alla delar av vårt« (party programme ↗)“In Sweden, Swedish law applies and it applies in all parts of our”
- sovereignty not negotiable»Statens hårda kärna får aldrig vara förhandlingsbar.« (party programme ↗)“The state's core is never negotiable.”
- crime victim at centre»Rättssamhället måste alltid stå på brottsoffrets sida.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The justice system must always stand on the crime victim's side.”
- deepened western cooperation»Vi välkomnar därför att Sverige ska gå med i Nato, en fråga vi drivit under 20 års tid.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We therefore welcome Sweden joining Nato, an issue we have driven for 20 years.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan lacks writings on host nation agreements and jurisdiction, but establishes that policy should be shaped in the best interests of crime victims and that national self-determination should be strengthened.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan lacks writings on host nation agreements and jurisdiction, but establishes that policy should be shaped in the best interests of crime victims and that national self-determination should be strengthened. An agreement that gives American troops immunity outside the bases means that crime victims in Sweden can be referred from Swedish courts, which sits poorly in line with the victim perspective and with the demand for Swedish legal control on own territory. Derived from these principles the plan supports the counter-proposal's demand, but the conclusion is uncertain since the plan at the same time wants to deepen defence cooperation.
Original (Swedish)
Planen saknar skrivningar om värdlandsavtal och domsrätt, men slår fast att politiken ska utformas utifrån brottsoffrets bästa och att det nationella självbestämmandet ska stärkas. Ett avtal som ger amerikansk trupp immunitet utanför baserna innebär att brottsoffer i Sverige kan hänvisas från svensk domstol, vilket ligger illa i linje med brottsofferperspektivet och med kravet på svensk rättslig kontroll på eget territorium. Härlett ur dessa principer stöder planen motförslagets krav, men slutsatsen är osäker eftersom planen samtidigt vill fördjupa försvarssamarbetet.
- victim's position firstdecisive»Utformningen av politiken måste ske utifrån brottsoffrets bästa, inte gärningsmannen. Brottsoffer måste få upprättelse och samhällets fulla stöd för att återvinna tryggheten i samhället.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Policy formulation must take place in the best interests of the crime victim, not the offender. Crime victims must receive redress and society's full support in order to regain security in society.”
- policy on crime victims' terms»Sverigedemokraterna vill utforma politiken efter brottsoffrens villkor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats want to formulate policy in the conditions of crime victims.”
- national self-determination»Stärka det nationella självbestämmandet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen national self-determination”
- Swedish independence»Bejaka och stärka det svenska folkstyrets oberoende« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Embrace and strengthen the independence of Swedish popular sovereignty”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:UFöU1)
- Committee report full text (HB01UFöU1)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:2900 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:141 Avtal om försvarssamarbete med Amerikas förenta stater av Håkan Svenneling m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:2902 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:141 Avtal om försvarssamarbete med Amerikas förenta stater av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Proposition 2023/24:141 — Avtal om försvarssamarbete med Amerikas förenta stater
Source: The Swedish Parliament