2023-03-162022/23:FöU4 · p.3FöUDefence

Total defence's national interest and goal conflicts

Balancing national defence interests against other land-use interests, such as wind power

What's at stake: The issue concerns where wind power and other climate-transition infrastructure can be built without encroaching on defence interests, affecting both energy expansion and national defence capability.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

Parliament decides whether the government should be directed on how the armed forces' interest of national importance is weighed against other interests, such as wind-power expansion and the climate transition, or whether that balancing should continue to be handled through existing agency and legal-application processes.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee rejects the motions. It notes that active work is already under way, including within the armed forces, to ease the coexistence of the defence interest with other interests, and that two ongoing government inquiries are addressing faster environmental review and balancing under the Environmental Code. The committee holds that legal application in individual cases, not a parliamentary statement, should handle the trade-offs.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 3 (V)

The reservation (V) calls for the government to instruct the armed forces to produce guidance on how climate-transition activities, such as wind power, can coexist with defence activities without significantly undermining defence interests, to add such a mandate to the 2023 appropriation directions, and for the armed forces to prepare a basis for organising exercises without long-term obstruction of offshore wind power.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 3 by V.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/19/0/5follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoYes 90/0/0/17departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPNoAbstain 0/0/15/3departs from the planconfidence: highnot addressed
CNoAbstain 0/0/19/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
LNoYes 12/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MYesYes 56/0/0/12follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDYesYes 62/0/0/11follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:36 by Per Bolund et al. (MP) demand 9, 2022/23:247 by Nooshi Dadgostar et al. (V) demand 2, 2022/23:833 by Ulrika Heie et al. (C) demand 9, 2022/23:850 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) demand 10, 2022/23:1235 by Nooshi Dadgostar et al. (V) demand 9 and 2022/23:2190 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) demands 121 and 133.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:36 av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP) yrkande 9, 2022/23:247 av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V) yrkande 2, 2022/23:833 av Ulrika Heie m.fl. (C) yrkande 9, 2022/23:850 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 10, 2022/23:1235 av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V) yrkande 9 och 2022/23:2190 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkandena 121 och 133.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 30 proposals submitted in motions during the general motion period 2022. The proposals concerned, among other things, the organisation of the Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten). The committee sees no reason to strengthen the Armed Forces' current organisation, nor any grounds for reconsidering individual parts of the war or basic organisation at this time. Other proposals concern, for example, giving the Armed Forces greater opportunity to support the police in special situations, such as a terrorist attack. The Riksdag considers that the Armed Forces already has the opportunity to support the police today, and that proposals to further expand this opportunity need to be thoroughly investigated.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan describes a climate emergency and requires that all political decisions take into account the acute crisis and that electricity production and renewable energy are expanded significantly.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan describes a climate emergency and requires that all political decisions take into account the acute crisis and that electricity production and renewable energy are expanded significantly. Guidance that allows wind power and other transition activities to coexist with defence activities is exactly such a decision that removes obstacles to expansion. The plan also states that wind power should benefit the municipality and nearby residents, which speaks for resolving goal conflicts instead of stopping expansion.

Original (Swedish)

Planen beskriver ett klimatnödläge och kräver att alla politiska beslut tar hänsyn till den akuta krisen samt att elproduktionen och den förnybara energin byggs ut kraftigt. Vägledningar som gör att vindkraft och annan omställningsverksamhet kan samexistera med försvarsverksamhet är just ett sådant beslut som undanröjer hinder för utbyggnaden. Planen anger också att vindkraften ska gynna kommun och närboende, vilket talar för att målkonflikter ska lösas i stället för att stoppa utbyggnaden.

  • transition in all decisionsdecisive»Omställningen behöver ske omgående och alla politiska beslut behöver ta hänsyn till den akuta kris som vi befinner oss i.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The transition needs to happen immediately and all political decisions need to take into account the acute crisis we are in.”
  • significantly expanded renewable electricity»Produktionen av både el och exempelvis vätgas behöver öka kraftigt när vi ställer om från användning av fossila bränslen, därför behöver staten gå in med satsningar på förnybar energi.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Production of both electricity and for example hydrogen needs to increase significantly as we transition from the use of fossil fuels, therefore the state needs to make investments in renewable energy.”
  • wind power with local benefit»Vindkraften ska gynna både kommun och boende i närområdet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Wind power should benefit both the municipality and residents in the surrounding area.”
  • climate emergency»Vi befinner oss i ett klimatnödläge.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are in a climate emergency.”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants to both expand offshore wind power and tear down bureaucratic obstacles and speed up permit processes for more electricity, while defence budgets shall increase to two per cent of GDP.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to both expand offshore wind power and tear down bureaucratic obstacles and speed up permit processes for more electricity, while defence budgets shall increase to two per cent of GDP. The counter-proposal requires precisely guidelines and information for how these two interests can coexist without defence interests being significantly hindered, which aligns with both commitments. The documents do not mention the assignment as such, so the assessment is inferred.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill både bygga ut havsbaserad vindkraft och riva byråkratiska hinder och snabba på tillståndsprocesser för mer el, samtidigt som försvarsanslagen ska öka till två procent av BNP. Motförslaget kräver just vägledningar och underlag för hur dessa två intressen kan samexistera utan att försvarsintressena påtagligt motverkas, vilket ligger i linje med båda åtagandena. Dokumenten nämner inte uppdraget som sådant, varför bedömningen är härledd.

  • havsbaserad vindkraft byggs utdecisive»Vindkraft långt ute till havs kan bidra med mycket energi.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Offshore wind power far out at sea can contribute a lot of energy.”
  • snabbare tillståndsprocesser»Långsamma tillståndsprocesser ska snabbas på.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Slow permit processes shall be speeded up.”
  • stärkt militär förmåga»Anslagen till det militära försvaret ska öka till motsvarande två procent av BNP.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Appropriations for military defence shall increase to correspond to two per cent of GDP.”
  • fast klimatpolitiskt ramverk»Det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The climate policy framework shall remain fixed.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto requires that offshore wind power be rapidly expanded across the entire country and that at least 100 billion per year be invested in the transition to a fossil-free Sweden by 2030.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto requires that offshore wind power be rapidly expanded across the entire country and that at least 100 billion per year be invested in the transition to a fossil-free Sweden by 2030. The party programme wants to promote renewable energy through planning targets and simplified regulations. Guidance and documentation that allow exercise and defence activities to coexist with offshore wind power remove precisely those obstacles the plan wants gone, which is why the counter-proposal's requirement is supported.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver att havsbaserad vindkraft byggs ut snabbt i hela landet och att minst 100 miljarder per år investeras i omställningen till ett fossilfritt Sverige 2030. Partiprogrammet vill främja förnybar energi genom planeringsmål och förenklade regelverk. Vägledningar och underlag som gör att övnings- och försvarsverksamhet kan samexistera med havsbaserad vindkraft undanröjer just de hinder planen vill bort, varför motförslagets krav stöds.

  • rapid offshore wind powerdecisive»bygga ut vindkraften till havs snabbt i hela landet, med hänsyn till livet i havet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“expand offshore wind power rapidly across the entire country, with consideration for life in the sea.”
  • fossil-free Sweden 2030»investera minst 100 miljarder per år i att ställa om så att Sverige blir ett fossilfritt välfärdsland senast år 2030.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest at least 100 billion per year to transition so that Sweden becomes a fossil-free welfare state by 2030.”
  • planning targets for renewable»både planeringsmål, förenklade regelverk och« (party programme ↗)“both planning targets, simplified regulations and”
  • defence resources for civil preparedness»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“allocate a larger share of defence funding to civil defence and increase appropriations for crisis preparedness.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan requires that emission-free electricity production be doubled and that wind power permits should take at most two years, which presupposes that goal conflicts with other interests are actually resolved.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that emission-free electricity production be doubled and that wind power permits should take at most two years, which presupposes that goal conflicts with other interests are actually resolved. At the same time, the plan wants to strengthen defence rapidly and powerfully, and that state authorities cooperate when land is taken. Guidance on how wind power and defence operations can coexist is precisely such coordination the plan seeks, hence the counter-proposal's requirements are supported.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att den utsläppsfria elproduktionen fördubblas och att tillstånd för vindkraft ska få ta högst två år, vilket förutsätter att målkonflikter med andra intressen faktiskt löses ut. Samtidigt vill planen rusta försvaret snabbt och kraftfullt, och att statliga myndigheter samverkar när mark tas i anspråk. Vägledningar för hur vindkraft och försvarsverksamhet kan samexistera är just en sådan samordning planen efterfrågar, varför motförslagets krav stöds.

  • faster wind power permitsdecisive»Det krävs en kriskommission för att snabbare öka Sveriges utsläppsfria elproduktion och tillstånd för vindkraft ska få ta max två år.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It requires a crisis commission to more rapidly increase Sweden's emission-free electricity production and wind power permits should take maximum two years.”
  • climate benefit in environmental review»Det är dags att halvera tiden det tar att få tillstånd för gröna investeringar och reformera miljöbalken så att ett projekts klimatnytta ges större vikt i miljöprövningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is time to halve the time it takes to get permission for green investments and reform the Environmental Code so that a project's climate benefit is given greater weight in environmental review.”
  • authority cooperation on land»Statliga myndigheter måste samverka och arbeta marksnålt när man tar ny mark i anspråk för väg, tåg, el, etc.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“State authorities must cooperate and work land-efficiently when taking new land for roads, rail, electricity, etc.”
  • strengthened military defence»Vi vill rusta det militära försvaret snabbt, kraftfullt och långsiktigt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to strengthen military defence rapidly, powerfully and long-term.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants both to expand solar and wind power throughout the country to meet doubled electricity use and at the same time raise the defence appropriation to two percent of GDP.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants both to expand solar and wind power throughout the country to meet doubled electricity use and at the same time raise the defence appropriation to two percent of GDP. The counter-proposal precisely demands guidelines for how the climate transformation's electricity production can coexist with defence activity without significantly counteracting defence interests, which unites the plan's two commitments. The plan also specifies that wind power shall be localized to appropriate areas, which speaks for that target conflicts shall be handled with knowledge basis.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill både bygga ut sol- och vindkraft i hela landet för att möta en fördubblad elanvändning och samtidigt höja försvarsanslaget till två procent av BNP. Motförslaget kräver just vägledningar för hur klimatomställningens elproduktion kan samexistera med försvarsverksamhet utan att påtagligt motverka försvarsintressena, vilket förenar planens båda åtaganden. Planen anger också att vindkraft ska lokaliseras till lämpliga områden, vilket talar för att målkonflikter ska hanteras med kunskapsunderlag.

  • expanded solar and wind powerdecisive»Ska vi få ner elpriserna krävs att vi bygger inte bara kärnkraft utan också mer sol- och vindkraft i hela landet, investerar i kraftsystemet och satsar på energilagring.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If we are to get down electricity prices we need to build not only nuclear power but also more solar and wind power throughout the country, invest in the power system and put resources to energy storage.”
  • doubled electricity demand»Klimatomställningen kräver dubbelt så mycket el som i dag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The climate transformation requires double as much power as today.”
  • strengthened defence appropriation»Vi vill därför redan 2025 se ett försvarsanslag om 2 procent av BNP« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We therefore want to see a defence appropriation of 2 percent of GDP”
  • thoughtful localization of wind power»Utbyggnad av vindkraft ska koncentreras till redan exploaterade områden och platser med relativt låga värden« (party programme ↗)“Expansion of wind power shall be concentrated to already exploited areas and places with relative low values”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto establishes that wind power can only be a complement and that expansion shall occur with respect for local conditions, while nuclear power is the investment highlighted.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto establishes that wind power can only be a complement and that expansion shall occur with respect for local conditions, while nuclear power is the investment highlighted. The plan at the same time requires that the armed forces have the strength and organization that makes it war-deterrent. Having authorities develop guidance and material so that training operations shall not in the long term prevent offshore wind power gives wind interests a priority that the plan does not support.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet slår fast att vindkraft bara kan vara ett komplement och att utbyggnad ska ske med respekt för lokala villkor, medan kärnkraften är den satsning som pekas ut. Planen kräver samtidigt att försvarsmakten har den styrka och gruppering som gör den krigsavhållande. Att myndigheter ska ta fram vägledningar och underlag för att övningsverksamhet inte långsiktigt ska hindra havsbaserad vindkraft ger vindintresset ett företräde som planen inte stöder.

  • wind power only complementdecisive»Vindkraft kan dock bara vara ett komplement.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Wind power can, however, only be a complement.”
  • war-deterrent defence capability»kan verka krigsavhållande vid säkerhetspolitiska kriser« (party programme ↗)“can serve as war-deterrent in security-political crises”
  • nuclear power as main track»Satsa på kärnkraften med långsiktiga villkor att utvecklas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in nuclear power with long-term conditions to develop.”
  • local conditions guide wind power»Bygg ut vindkraften men med respekt för den lokala demokratin och anpassa storleken efter lokala villkor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Expand wind power but with respect for local democracy and adapt the size to local conditions.”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan puts a deterrent defence first and establishes that the state's core is never negotiable.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan puts a deterrent defence first and establishes that the state's core is never negotiable. Its energy line is moreover plannable nuclear power rather than expanded wind power, which is why guidelines that should secure wind power's space against defence interests have no support in the plan. The counter-proposal's demand that exercise activities be organised so that sea-based wind power is not hindered goes against defence priority.

Original (Swedish)

Planen sätter ett krigsavhållande försvar först och slår fast att statens hårda kärna aldrig är förhandlingsbar. Dess energilinje är dessutom planerbar kärnkraft snarare än utbyggd vindkraft, varför vägledningar som ska säkra vindkraftens utrymme gentemot försvarsintresset inte har stöd i planen. Motförslagets krav på att övningsverksamhet organiseras så att havsbaserad vindkraft inte hindras går emot försvarets prioritet.

  • deterrent defence firstdecisive»Målet är att det svenska försvaret ska vara krigsavhållande och avskräcka en eventuell motståndare från att angripa Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The goal is that Swedish defence shall be deterrent and deter a potential adversary from attacking Sweden.”
  • defence is state's core task»Statens hårda kärna får aldrig vara förhandlingsbar.« (party programme ↗)“The state's core is never negotiable.”
  • plannable nuclear power over wind power(2022 manifesto)
  • fossil-free instead of renewable»Ändra det energipolitiska målet från 100 procent förnybart till 100 procent fossilfritt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Change the energy policy goal from 100 per cent renewable to 100 per cent fossil-free”

flags: citat_ej_verifierat

SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan places a war-ready total defence first and is at the same time explicitly restrictive towards wind power expansion, which should defer to marine and water environment and be limited by a municipal veto.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan places a war-ready total defence first and is at the same time explicitly restrictive towards wind power expansion, which should defer to marine and water environment and be limited by a municipal veto. The counter-proposal in practice wants the defence's exercise and national interests adapted so that offshore wind power is not hindered. This goes against the plan's prioritization of defence interests ahead of wind power.

Original (Swedish)

Planen sätter ett krigsdugligt totalförsvar först och är samtidigt uttalat restriktiv mot vindkraftsutbyggnad, som ska stå tillbaka för havs- och vattenmiljön och begränsas av ett kommunalt veto. Motförslaget vill i praktiken att försvarets övnings- och riksintressen anpassas så att havsbaserad vindkraft inte hindras. Det går emot planens prioritering av försvarsintresset framför vindkraften.

  • restrictive view of wind powerdecisive»Vår havs- och vattenmiljö måste prioriteras tydligare framför ett allt för intensivt fiske och omfattande vindkraftsutbyggnad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our marine and water environment must be prioritized more clearly ahead of overly intensive fishing and extensive wind power expansion.”
  • total defence first»Ett trovärdigt totalförsvar är en garant för Sveriges nationella suveränitet och frihet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A credible total defence is a guarantee of Sweden's national sovereignty and freedom.”
  • municipal veto against wind power»Värna det kommunala vetot vid etablering av vindkraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Defend the municipal veto in the establishment of wind power”
  • war-ready defence»Återupprätta ett totalförsvar som är rustat för krig« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Restore a total defence equipped for war”

Share and embed

Embed as a widget (iframe): previewSizeLanguage

Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament