2023-04-262022/23:UU7 · p.9UUForeign affairs

China and Taiwan

Sweden's relations with Taiwan and its stance toward China

What's at stake: China's military, diplomatic and economic pressure on Taiwan, and its claims in the South China Sea, affect regional security and international law. How close ties Sweden forges with Taiwan affects both trade and Sweden's relationship with China.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The motions called for the government to establish a Swedish representation office in Taiwan, broaden cooperation with Taiwan, and act against China's claims in the South China Sea, while the committee held that the existing foreign-policy line already covers the issue.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee majority rejects the motions and holds to its general foreign-policy line of upholding the rules-based international system and international law through existing engagement, without a new specific mandate for the government on a Taiwan representation office or broader bilateral cooperation at this time.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 10 (C)

C argues that China's continued aggression toward Taiwan — including escalation in the South China Sea and military, diplomatic and economic pressure — shows that China does not respect the international legal order, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling; the government should therefore establish a House of Sweden in Taiwan, broaden bilateral cooperation with Taiwan, and work to have Taiwan admitted to more international bodies.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 10 by C.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
SNoYes 90/1/1/15departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
MPNoYes 14/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
KDNoYes 15/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
MNoYes 58/0/0/10departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
SDNoYes 64/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Broke with the party line

SJohan Löfstrand (S, Östergötlands län)No — party line: Yes
SMattias Vepsä (S, Stockholms kommun)Abstain — party line: Yes

MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:849 by Kerstin Lundgren et al. (C) items 16 and 17 as well as 2022/23:1768 by Markus Wiechel et al. (SD) items 1-6.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:849 av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C) yrkandena 16 och 17 samt 2022/23:1768 av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1-6.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag has dealt with approximately 110 proposals in motions from the general motion period. The proposals deal, among other things, with the overall direction of foreign policy and how Sweden should relate to the situation in certain parts of the world. The Riksdag said no to the proposals, among other things by referring to the fact that the government's foreign policy direction is considered well-balanced and appropriate.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan supports a world order where small countries and populations have the right to assert their interests against great powers and states that no country should have such military superiority that it can force itself on others.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan supports a world order where small countries and populations have the right to assert their interests against great powers and states that no country should have such military superiority that it can force itself on others. To broaden cooperation with Taiwan and work for its place in international forums follows from that and from the requirement to defend international law. At the same time the plan wants conflicts between countries to be handled at UN level, which makes the support uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen stödjer en världsordning där små länder och befolkningar har rätt att hävda sina intressen mot stormakter och slår fast att inget land ska ha sådan militär övermakt att det kan tvinga sig på andra. Att bredda samarbetet med Taiwan och verka för dess plats i internationella sammanhang följer av det och av kravet att folkrätten försvaras. Samtidigt vill planen att konflikter mellan länder hanteras på FN-nivå, vilket gör stödet osäkert.

  • small countries' right against great powersdecisive»demokratisk världsordning där fattiga och små länder och befolkningar ska ha rätt och möjlighet att hävda sina intressen mot såväl nya« (party programme ↗)“democratic world order where poor and small countries and populations shall have the right and opportunity to assert their interests against such new”
  • no military superiority»Inga länder eller regioner ska få ha sådan militär övermakt att de kan« (party programme ↗)“No countries or regions should be allowed to have such military superiority that they can”
  • defend international law»Folkrätten, den internationella rättsliga praxis som reglerar förhållandet mellan stater, måste försvaras och fördjupas.« (party programme ↗)“International law, the international legal practice that regulates relations between states, must be defended and deepened.”
  • conflicts handled in the UN»regioner ska istället hanteras på FN-nivå. FN ska i sin tur verka för« (party programme ↗)“regions should instead be handled at UN level. The UN should in turn work for”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan establishes that no state with military or economic power may force others into subordination and that work for human rights, democracy and a rules-based world order shall continue.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that no state with military or economic power may force others into subordination and that work for human rights, democracy and a rules-based world order shall continue. To broaden bilateral cooperation with Taiwan, establish representation and work for Taiwan's international participation applies that line. Concrete measures regarding Taiwan are not addressed in the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att ingen stat med militär eller ekonomisk styrka får tvinga andra till underordning och att arbetet för mänskliga rättigheter, demokrati och en regelbaserad världsordning ska fortsätta. Att bredda det bilaterala samarbetet med Taiwan, inrätta en representation och verka för Taiwans deltagande internationellt tillämpar den linjen. Konkreta åtgärder om Taiwan behandlas inte i planen.

  • protection against power-political subordinationdecisive»Ingen stat eller terrorgrupp får med militär eller ekonomisk styrka tvinga andra stater till militär och politisk underordning. Staternas suveräna rätt att avvisa sådana angrepp är ett grundläggande villkor för internationellt samarbete mellan likaberättigade parter.« (party programme ↗)“No state or terrorist group may use military or economic power to force other states into military and political subordination. States' sovereign right to refuse such attacks is a fundamental condition for international cooperation between equal partners.”
  • rules-based world order»Vi kommer att fortsätta arbetet för att öka respekten för de mänskliga rättigheterna, demokratin och en regelbaserad världsordning och global säkerhet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We will continue the work to increase respect for human rights, democracy and a rules-based world order and global security.”
  • widen the circle of democracies»Internationell solidaritet innebär att stå upp för de mänskliga rättigheterna, vidga kretsen av demokratier och ge ett tydligt stöd till de rörelser som kämpar för detta.« (party programme ↗)“International solidarity means standing up for human rights, widening the circle of democracies and giving clear support to movements fighting for this.”
  • the UN and international law»Vi kommer att fortsätta värna FN:s roll i arbetet för folkrätten och det internationella samarbetet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We will continue to safeguard the UN's role in the work for international law and international cooperation.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that Sweden must not adapt its foreign policy according to authoritarian states' demands, and the party programme places international law and human rights at the centre with human security before territorial.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that Sweden must not adapt its foreign policy according to authoritarian states' demands, and the party programme places international law and human rights at the centre with human security before territorial. Chinese pressures against Taiwan and disregarded maritime law hit precisely these commitments. Establishing a representation in Taiwan and broadening cooperation is thus supported in substance.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att Sverige inte ska anpassa sin utrikespolitik efter auktoritära staters krav, och partiprogrammet sätter folkrätten och de mänskliga rättigheterna i centrum med mänsklig säkerhet före territoriell. Kinesiska påtryckningar mot Taiwan och åsidosatt havsrätt träffar just dessa åtaganden. Att inrätta en representation i Taiwan och bredda samarbetet stöds därför i sak.

  • no adaptation to authoritarian demandsdecisive»inte att Sverige ska anpassa sin utrikespolitik efter auktoritära staters krav« (2022 manifesto ↗)“not that Sweden must adapt its foreign policy according to authoritarian states' demands”
  • international law at the centre»Miljöpartiet de gröna sätter folkrätten och de« (party programme ↗)“The Green Party places international law and”
  • human security before territorial»Vi vill se en politik som sätter mänsklig säkerhet« (party programme ↗)“We want to see a policy that places human security”
  • universal rights»mänskliga rättigheterna i centrum.« (party programme ↗)“human rights at the centre.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The election manifesto describes an ongoing struggle between liberal democracy and authoritarian forces that Sweden must win, and the party programme makes the protection of human rights and freedoms and the international legal order the core of foreign policy.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto describes an ongoing struggle between liberal democracy and authoritarian forces that Sweden must win, and the party programme makes the protection of human rights and freedoms and the international legal order the core of foreign policy. Chinese aggression against Taiwan in violation of international law is directly hit by this. Swedish representation and broader cooperation with Taiwan also follows from the plan's line on openness and free trade.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet beskriver en pågående kamp mellan den liberala demokratin och auktoritära krafter som Sverige måste vinna, och partiprogrammet gör värnandet av mänskliga fri- och rättigheter och den internationella rättsordningen till utrikespolitikens kärna. Kinesisk aggression mot Taiwan i strid med folkrätten träffas direkt av detta. En svensk representation och bredare samarbete med Taiwan följer också av planens linje om öppenhet och frihandel.

  • stand up against authoritarian forcesdecisive»Runtom i världen pågår en kamp mellan anhängare av den liberala demokratin och auktoritära krafter. Den måste vi vinna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Around the world there is a struggle between supporters of liberal democracy and authoritarian forces. We must win it.”
  • rights guide foreign policy»Utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiken syftar ytterst till att värna universella mänskliga fri- och rättigheter.« (party programme ↗)“Foreign and security policy ultimately aims to protect universal human rights and freedoms.”
  • no compromise with ideals»Därför är det särskilt viktigt att vi, medborgare i de demokratiska länderna, inte kompromissar med våra ideal« (party programme ↗)“Therefore it is especially important that we, citizens of democratic countries, do not compromise with our ideals”
  • openness and free trade»Sverige klarar sig inte utan frihandel. Öppna upp fler marknader för svenska varor och tjänster.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden cannot manage without free trade. Open up more markets for Swedish goods and services.”
LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan demands a values-driven foreign policy where Sweden does much more for freedom and rights and free choice, and it particularly points out the naivety towards Chinese power politics as something that shall cease.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan demands a values-driven foreign policy where Sweden does much more for freedom and rights and free choice, and it particularly points out the naivety towards Chinese power politics as something that shall cease. To establish a representation in Taiwan and broaden cooperation follows from this commitment. The plan gives no support for the current line already being sufficient.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en värderingsstyrd utrikespolitik där Sverige gör mycket mer för fri- och rättigheter och fria val, och den pekar särskilt ut naiviteten inför kinesisk maktpolitik som något som ska upphöra. Att inrätta en representation i Taiwan och bredda samarbetet följer av detta åtagande. Planen ger inget stöd för att den nuvarande linjen redan är tillräcklig.

  • no naivety towards Chinadecisive»Handels- och främjandepolitiken ska stärka Sverige som aktör för en friare värld och dra nytta av frihandelns fördelar utan den naivitet som alltför länge uppvisats för kinesisk och rysk maktpolitik.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Trade and promotion policy shall strengthen Sweden as an actor for a freer world and take advantage of free trade's benefits without the naivety that has for too long been shown towards Chinese and Russian power politics.”
  • values-driven foreign policy»Därför vill vi att Sverige gör mycket mer, både som enskilt land och inom internationella samarbeten, för fri- och rättigheter, frihandel, fria val och samarbete i den fria världen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore we want Sweden to do much more, both as an individual country and within international cooperation, for freedom and rights, free trade, free choice and cooperation in the free world.”
  • meet the threat from China»Globalt behöver försvarsalliansen vidare stärka sitt arbete mot hotet från Kina.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Globally, the defence alliance needs to further strengthen its work against the threat from China.”
  • support for democratic forces»Sverige ska vara en röst för global frihet och ge stöd åt de modiga människor som verkar för demokratisering« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall be a voice for global freedom and give support to the brave people who work for democratization”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan makes protection of human freedoms and rights the main goal of foreign policy and requires that compliance with international commitments be guaranteed.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan makes protection of human freedoms and rights the main goal of foreign policy and requires that compliance with international commitments be guaranteed. Chinese aggression against international law is therefore best met with strengthened ties to Taiwan, and the plan explicitly advocates bilateral dialogue and positive action methods such as cooperation projects. Aggression is described as ethically indefensible, which further supports the counter-proposal's demand.

Original (Swedish)

Planen gör skyddet av mänskliga fri- och rättigheter till huvudmål för utrikespolitiken och kräver att efterlevnaden av internationella förpliktelser garanteras. Kinesisk aggression mot folkrätten möts därför bäst med stärkta band till Taiwan, och planen förordar uttryckligen bilateral dialog och positiva verkningsmedel som samarbetsprojekt. Aggression beskrivs som etiskt oförsvarbar, vilket ytterligare talar för motförslagets krav.

  • HR as main goal of foreign policydecisive»Människovärdet ska stå i fokus och arbetet för att skydda och värna mänskliga fri- och rättigheter« (party programme ↗)“Human value shall be in focus and work to protect and uphold human freedoms and rights”
  • international law shall be followed»efterlevandet av internationella förpliktelser garanteras« (party programme ↗)“compliance with international commitments is guaranteed”
  • bilateral HR dialogue»En dialog om mänskliga rättigheter bör även föras« (party programme ↗)“A dialogue on human rights should also be conducted”
  • aggression rejected»Aggression och offensivt krig är inte etiskt försvarbart.« (party programme ↗)“Aggression and offensive war are not ethically defensible.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The programme compels Sweden to be a strong voice for freedom, democracy and human rights and to resist other countries' aggressive power language, with the stated principle that large authoritarian states shall not be able to play individual small Western democracies against each other.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The programme compels Sweden to be a strong voice for freedom, democracy and human rights and to resist other countries' aggressive power language, with the stated principle that large authoritarian states shall not be able to play individual small Western democracies against each other. China's pressures on Taiwan are precisely that sort of power language, which speaks for Swedish representation and broadened cooperation. Taiwan is not mentioned in the documents, so the conclusion is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Programmet ålägger Sverige att vara en stark röst för frihet, demokrati och mänskliga rättigheter och att stå emot andra länders aggressiva maktspråk, med den uttalade principen att stora auktoritära stater inte ska kunna spela ut små västerländska demokratier mot varandra. Kinas påtryckningar mot Taiwan är precis det slaget av maktspråk, vilket talar för en svensk representation och breddat samarbete. Taiwan nämns inte i dokumenten, så slutsatsen är härledd.

  • strong voice for democracydecisive»Sverige ska vara en stark röst för frihet, demokrati och« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall be a strong voice for freedom, democracy and”
  • resist authoritarian power language»Stora auktoritära länder ska inte kunna spela ut enskilda små västerländska demokratier mot varandra.« (party programme ↗)“Large authoritarian countries shall not be able to play individual small Western democracies against each other.”
  • Swedish interests guide policyweak support»Svensk utrikespolitik ska värna svenska intressen.« (party programme ↗)“Swedish foreign policy shall protect Swedish interests.”

flags: citat_svagt

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan requires an Arctic policy that prevents Chinese advances and that Sweden clearly marks against violations of sovereign states' territory.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires an Arctic policy that prevents Chinese advances and that Sweden clearly marks against violations of sovereign states' territory. It also wants Sweden to be a clear voice for the Western democracy model and care for relations with democracies in exposed regions. Establishing Swedish representation in Taiwan and broadening cooperation follows from these commitments, even though Taiwan is not mentioned in the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en Arktispolitik som hindrar kinesiska framflyttningar och att Sverige tydligt markerar mot kränkningar av suveräna staters territorium. Den vill också att Sverige är en tydlig röst för den västerländska demokratimodellen och vårdar relationen till demokratier i utsatta regioner. Att inrätta en svensk representation i Taiwan och bredda samarbetet följer av dessa åtaganden, även om Taiwan inte nämns i planen.

  • counter Chinese advancesdecisive»En tydlig Arktispolitik ska tas fram som hindrar ryska och kinesiska framflyttningar och bejakar svenska ekonomiska intressen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A clear Arctic policy should be drawn up that prevents Russian and Chinese advances and embraces Swedish economic interests.”
  • mark against territorial violations»Sverige ska tydligt markera mot kränkningar av grundläggande fri- och rättigheter och av suveräna staters territorium.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should clearly mark against violations of fundamental freedoms and rights and of sovereign states' territory.”
  • voice for Western democracy»Vara en tydlig röst för den västerländska demokratimodellen och mänskliga fri- och rättigheter« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Be a clear voice for the Western democracy model and human freedoms and rights”
  • care for relations with democracies»Relationen till Israel, som den enda demokratin i sin region, bör återupprättas och vårdas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The relationship with Israel, as the only democracy in its region, should be restored and cared for.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament