2023-11-222023/24:CU4 · p.2CUCivil law & housing
Group's Standing in Actions for Remedies
Group membership in collective redress claims – opt-in or opt-out
What's at stake: Under today's opt-in model, consumers who don't actively register risk missing out on compensation even if they belong to the affected group, while an opt-out system would automatically include more consumers but requires several practical and legal-design questions to be resolved first.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether membership in a group action seeking redress should continue to require consumers to actively register (opt-in), or whether a system where consumers are automatically included unless they actively opt out should be investigated and introduced.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee rejects the motions on opt-out and sticks with the opt-in model in the new group-action law, expecting the government to follow the outcome of the opt-in arrangement and, if warranted, investigate an opt-out system further.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (S, V, MP)
The reservation holds that the government should move forward and investigate how an opt-out system could be designed, then return to the Riksdag with a bill on the matter, pointing to several consultation bodies that saw good reasons for some form of opt-out.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by S, V, MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/18/0/6 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| S | No | No 0/90/0/17 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | No 0/14/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| C | No | Yes 20/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 11/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| KD | Yes | Yes 15/0/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| M | Yes | Yes 56/0/0/12 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| SD | Yes | Yes 62/0/0/10 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:106 by Nadja Awad et al. (V), 2023/24:162 by Jennie Nilsson et al. (S) and 2023/24:220 by Katarina Luhr and Daniel Helldén (both MP).
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:106 av Nadja Awad m.fl. (V), 2023/24:162 av Jennie Nilsson m.fl. (S) och 2023/24:220 av Katarina Luhr och Daniel Helldén (båda MP).
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag has voted yes to the government's proposal on, among other things, a new law on class action to protect collective consumer interests. The bill is based on an EU directive aimed at achieving a high level of consumer protection and improving consumers' access to legal remedies when consumer protection provisions are violated. Through the new law, rules are introduced for approval of entities that may bring actions for remedies on behalf of a group of consumers. A consumer organization shall be approved as such an entity if, among other things, it conducts activities aimed at the public for the purpose of protecting consumer interests. An entity may bring actions for injunctions and for remedies, such as damages. The scope of the new law covers, among other things, marketing, contract terms, financial services, transport, medicines, data protection and energy. The new law is to enter into force on 1 January 2024.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to investigate how an opt-out system for consumer class actions could be designed. (S, V, MP) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan does not address the design of group claims, but states that a well-functioning justice system is a prerequisite for democracy and that citizen transparency and legal aid should guarantee equality before the law for all.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address the design of group claims, but states that a well-functioning justice system is a prerequisite for democracy and that citizen transparency and legal aid should guarantee equality before the law for all. The plan also lifts the collective perspective of consumers and that capital's power must be broken. To investigate an opt-out system, which makes it easier for many affected to actually receive compensation, therefore aligns with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte grupptalans utformning, men slår fast att ett väl fungerande rättsväsende är en förutsättning för demokratin och att medborgerlig insyn och rättshjälp ska garantera allas likhet inför lagen. Planen lyfter också konsumenternas kollektiva perspektiv och att kapitalets makt måste brytas. Att utreda ett opt-out-system, som gör det lättare för många drabbade att faktiskt få gottgörelse, ligger därför i linje med planen.
- functioning justice systemdecisive»Utan ett väl fungerande rättsväsende undergrävs demokratin« (party programme ↗)“Without a well-functioning justice system democracy is undermined”
- legal aid and equality before the law»medborgerlig insyn, rättshjälp« (party programme ↗)“citizen transparency, legal aid”
- consumers' collective power»Ett tredje demokratiskt perspektiv är konsumenternas.« (party programme ↗)“A third democratic perspective is the consumers'.”
- break capital's power»Kapitalets makt måste brytas« (party programme ↗)“Capital's power must be broken”
The plan's basic principle is to take sides with those who have less power and that democratic countervailing powers and stable rules are needed against strong economic interests.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's basic principle is to take sides with those who have less power and that democratic countervailing powers and stable rules are needed against strong economic interests. An opt-out system in class action suits lowers the threshold for individual consumers to obtain compensation and therefore aligns with this. The plan does not address the technical design of class actions, so the conclusion is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planens grundprincip är att ta parti för den som har mindre makt och att det krävs demokratiska motvikter och stabila spelregler mot starka ekonomiska intressen. Ett opt-out-system vid grupptalan sänker tröskeln för enskilda konsumenter att få gottgörelse och ligger därför i linje med detta. Planen behandlar inte grupptalans tekniska utformning, varför slutsatsen är härledd.
- take sides with the weakerdecisive»Socialdemokratins uppgift är att ta parti för den som har mindre makt.« (party programme ↗)“The Social Democrats' task is to take sides with those who have less power.”
- democratic countervailing powers against the market»Det krävs demokratiska motvikter för att skapa de stabila spelregler som behövs för att« (party programme ↗)“Democratic countervailing powers are needed to create the stable rules that are needed to”
- strong consumers»Aktiva konsumentreaktioner mot företag som bryter mot reglerna kan påtagligt bidra till« (party programme ↗)“Active consumer actions against companies breaking the rules can significantly contribute to”
The plan wants strong protection for consumers and that the state through legislation ensures that sound conditions prevail on the market, and that access to legal remedies is reviewed in vulnerable groups.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants strong protection for consumers and that the state through legislation ensures that sound conditions prevail on the market, and that access to legal remedies is reviewed in vulnerable groups. An opt-out system makes collective redress effective for many who would otherwise never come forward, which aligns with this consumer protection. The plan does not address the formulation of class actions, so the position is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill ett starkt skydd för konsumenterna och att staten genom lagstiftning ser till att sunda villkor råder på marknaden, samt att tillgången till rättsmedel ses över i utsatta grupper. Ett opt-out-system gör kollektiv gottgörelse verksam för många som annars aldrig träder fram, vilket ligger i linje med det konsumentskyddet. Planen behandlar inte grupptalans utformning, så ställningstagandet är härlett.
- strong consumer protectiondecisive»för konsumenterna genom god konsumentvägledning« (party programme ↗)“for consumers through good consumer guidance”
- the state must ensure sound conditions»Staten ska genom lagstiftning och övervakning se« (party programme ↗)“The state must through legislation and supervision ensure”
- better access to legal remedies»stärka lagstiftningen mot diskriminering och se över rätten till rättshjälp i diskrimineringsfall.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen legislation against discrimination and review the right to legal aid in discrimination cases.”
The plan does not address the design of class proceedings, but its closest principle is that everyone should be able to have their case examined and that access to litigation should not be confined to those with high income, which speaks for further investigation of an opt-out system.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address the design of class proceedings, but its closest principle is that everyone should be able to have their case examined and that access to litigation should not be confined to those with high income, which speaks for further investigation of an opt-out system. At the same time, the plan requires predictable rules of the game in the economy, which calls for caution. The evidence is weak and the conclusion therefore uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte grupptalans utformning, men dess närmaste princip är att alla ska kunna få sin sak prövad och att möjligheten att processa inte får vara förbehållen de med hög inkomst, vilket talar för att ett opt-out-system utreds vidare. Samtidigt kräver planen förutsägbara spelregler i ekonomin, vilket manar till försiktighet. Underlaget är svagt och slutsatsen därför osäker.
- access to legal examinationdecisive»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad. Ledtiderna för handläggning och myndighetsutövning i domstolar och myndigheter måste kortas och tillgången till ombud förbättras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone living in Sweden should be able to have their case examined. Processing times and administrative action in courts and authorities must be shortened and access to legal representation improved.”
- fair access to court»Möjligheten att processa mot stat eller kommun, då man har goda skäl att få sin sak prövad, ska i en liberal demokrati inte vara en rätt förbehållen de med hög inkomst.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The right to litigate against the state or municipality, when one has good grounds for having one's case examined, should not be a right confined to those with high income in a liberal democracy.”
- predictable rules of the game»Ekonomin ska ha givna och förutsägbara spelregler« (party programme ↗)“The economy shall have fixed and predictable rules of the game”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address group determination in group proceedings.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address group determination in group proceedings. The closest commitments are that consumer legislation shall be strong, that private power can also be abused and requires rules, and that those harmed shall be able to get help obtaining redress. Based on these principles, the plan weakly supports further investigation of opt-out as a path to effective compensation.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte gruppens bestämning vid grupptalan. Närmast liggande åtaganden är att konsumentlagstiftningen ska vara stark, att även privat makt kan missbrukas och kräver spelregler, och att den som drabbas ska kunna få hjälp att få upprättelse. Utifrån dessa principer talar planen svagt för att opt-out utreds vidare som väg till effektiv gottgörelse.
- strong consumer legislationdecisive»Därför behövs en stark konkurrenslagstiftning och konsumentlagar« (party programme ↗)“Therefore strong competition legislation and consumer laws are needed”
- rules against private power»Även den privata makten kan missbrukas.« (party programme ↗)“Private power can also be abused.”
- right to redress»Den som drabbas av diskriminering ska kunna få hjälp att få upprättelse« (party programme ↗)“Those who are victims of discrimination shall be able to get help obtaining redress”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address group action design.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address group action design. Nearest lying principle is personalism: no human being may be reduced to a part of a larger collective, which speaks for the individual actively joining a group action rather than being counted in without their own choice. The plan values consumers' position meanwhile through free consumer organisations and effective legal rules, but that does not bear the demand for an opt-out system.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte grupptalans utformning. Närmast liggande princip är personalismen: ingen människa får reduceras till en del av ett större kollektiv, vilket talar för att den enskilde aktivt ansluter sig till en grupptalan snarare än att räknas in utan eget val. Planen värnar samtidigt konsumenternas ställning genom fria konsumentorganisationer och effektiva rättsliga spelregler, men det bär inte kravet på ett opt-out-system.
- the individual not part of a collectivedecisive»någon annans ägodel eller en del av ett« (party programme ↗)“anyone else's property or a part of a”
- free consumer organisations»Fria och självständiga konsumentorganisationer ska uppmuntras.« (party programme ↗)“Free and independent consumer organisations shall be encouraged.”
- stable legal framework»effektiv konkurrens, stabila institutioner och etiskt handlande.« (party programme ↗)“effective competition, stable institutions and ethical conduct.”
The plan wants to transpose EU law at minimum level and significantly reduce regulatory burden for companies, and is based on freedom of contract and step-wise, tested reforms.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to transpose EU law at minimum level and significantly reduce regulatory burden for companies, and is based on freedom of contract and step-wise, tested reforms. An opt-out system for collective actions goes beyond the minimum level and would expand companies' exposure to collective claims. The plan therefore provides no support for developing a bill on opt-out.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill genomföra EU-rätt på miniminivå och kraftigt minska regelbördan för företag, och bygger på avtalsfrihet och stegvisa, prövade reformer. Ett opt-out-system för grupptalan går längre än miniminivån och skulle utvidga företagens exponering för kollektiva krav. Planen ger därför inget stöd för att ta fram ett lagförslag om opt-out.
- EU law at minimum leveldecisive»Minska regelkrånglet och onödig byråkrati, bland annat genom att motverka överimplementering i Sverige av EU-beslut – som huvudregel ska EU-direktiv genomföras på miniminivå« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce regulatory red tape and unnecessary bureaucracy, including by counteracting over-implementation in Sweden of EU decisions - as a main rule, EU directives shall be transposed at minimum level”
- lower regulatory burden for companies»Ta bort en tredjedel av företagens administrationskostnader och en tredjedel av regelkrånglet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Remove one-third of companies' administrative costs and one-third of regulatory red tape”
- freedom of contract and market economy»Grunden för Sveriges välstånd är en marknadsekonomi baserad« (party programme ↗)“The basis for Sweden's prosperity is a market economy based”
flags: citat_blockerat, citat_migrerat
The plan documents say nothing about group litigation or how the group should be determined in claims for compensation.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan documents say nothing about group litigation or how the group should be determined in claims for compensation. The nearest lying principle is the party's stated cautious progress in small steps and the requirement that new rules be cost-effective and not place unnecessary burdens on businesses. From this, the plan does not support changing to an opt-out system now and developing a bill for it.
Original (Swedish)
Plandokumenten säger ingenting om grupptalan eller om hur gruppen ska bestämmas vid krav på gottgörelse. Närmast liggande princip är partiets uttalade försiktiga framåtskridande i små steg samt kravet att nya regler ska vara kostnadseffektiva och inte lägga onödiga byrdor på företagen. Utifrån detta ger planen inte stöd för att nu byta till ett opt-out-system och ta fram lagförslag om det.
- cautious progressdecisive»Sverigedemokraterna eftersträvar ett försiktigt framåtskridande som baseras på varsamhet, eftertanke« (party programme ↗)“The Sweden Democrats strive for cautious progress that is based on care and reflection”
- cost-effective rules»Nya regler ska vara kostnadseffektiva och befintliga regler behöver ses över.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“New rules should be cost-effective and existing rules need to be reviewed.”
- regulatory simplification for businesses»Verka för regelförenkling och avlasta småföretagens administrativa börda« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Work for regulatory simplification and relieve small businesses' administrative burden”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:CU4)
- Committee report full text (HB01CU4)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:106 — med anledning av prop. 2022/23:136 Grupptalan till skydd för konsumenters kollektiva intressen av Nadja Awad m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:162 — med anledning av prop. 2022/23:136 Grupptalan till skydd för konsumenters kollektiva intressen av Jennie Nilsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:220 — med anledning av prop. 2022/23:136 Grupptalan till skydd för konsumenters kollektiva intressen av Katarina Luhr och Daniel Helldén (båda MP)
- Proposition 2022/23:136 — Grupptalan till skydd för konsumenters kollektiva intressen
Source: The Swedish Parliament