2024-12-172024/25:FöU2 · p.21FöUDefence
Reduced climate and environmental impact
Defense's climate and environmental impact – should the Armed Forces be required to take concrete emission-reduction and climate-adaptation measures?
What's at stake: If climate and environmental issues are not specifically addressed within the total defense bill, the Armed Forces' own emissions and vulnerability to a changed climate risk remaining unaddressed throughout the entire defense-bill period, even though climate change is already affecting society's vulnerability and crisis preparedness today.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the government's total defense bill, which the committee endorses and which prioritizes the measures that most quickly increase defense capability, should instead be explicitly supplemented with requirements for the Armed Forces to take concrete measures to reduce its climate impact and adapt its operations to a changed climate.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee welcomes the resource reinforcements proposed to finance the direction set out in the total defense bill, and notes that the emphasis is on measures that quickly deliver the greatest effect and thus increased defense capability, as a step in a long-term development. On this point, the committee does not take a separate position on requirements for the Armed Forces' own emission-reduction or climate-adaptation measures, instead referring to the overall prioritization of defense capability.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 28 (MP)
The reservation (MP) argues that the government has not fully grasped the seriousness of the climate threat and that the bill entirely lacks discussion of how defense should adapt, both to reduce the operation's climate impact and to function in a changed climate. The reservation proposes that Sweden's defense be adapted in both these respects, including through planning to shift toward renewable energy and electrification.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 28 by MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: high | derived |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| MP | No | No 0/16/0/2 | follows the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| C | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: high | derived |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 17/0/0/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | Yes | Yes 63/0/0/9 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:3247 by Hanna Gunnarsson et al. (V) requests 18 and 19 as well as 2024/25:3257 by Emma Berginger et al. (MP) request 7.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:3247 av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V) yrkandena 18 och 19 samt 2024/25:3257 av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP) yrkande 7.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal on an overarching goal for total defence new goals for military and civil defence the direction of the Swedish Armed Forces' war organization. The government's proposal involves a substantial strengthening of total defence, which consists of both military and civil operations.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to strengthen air defense and naval capabilities within the total defense. (MP) — Reservation 28
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The election manifesto asserts that all political decisions need to take account of the acute climate crisis, and the party programme demands that decisions in publicly-owned operations be characterized by genuine care for people and nature and a radical expansion of renewable power.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto asserts that all political decisions need to take account of the acute climate crisis, and the party programme demands that decisions in publicly-owned operations be characterized by genuine care for people and nature and a radical expansion of renewable power. That defence plans for reduced emissions, electrification and function in a changed climate therefore follows from the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet slår fast att alla politiska beslut behöver ta hänsyn till den akuta klimatkrisen, och partiprogrammet kräver att besluten i offentligt ägda verksamheter präglas av genuin omsorg om människor och natur samt en radikal utbyggnad av förnybar el. Att försvaret planerar för minskade utsläpp, elektrifiering och funktion i ett förändrat klimat följer därför av planen.
- climate consideration in all decisionsdecisive»Omställningen behöver ske omgående och alla politiska beslut behöver ta hänsyn till den akuta kris som vi befinner oss i.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The transition needs to happen immediately and all political decisions need to take account of the acute crisis we are in.”
- climate strategy in public operations»präglas av genuin omsorg om människor och natur.« (party programme ↗)“characterized by genuine care for people and nature.”
- renewable energy»En radikal utbyggnad av den förnybara elproduktionen är avgörande« (party programme ↗)“A radical expansion of renewable electricity production is crucial”
- climate emergency»Vi befinner oss i ett klimatnödläge.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are in a climate emergency.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto establishes that the climate policy framework should remain in place and that Sweden should not have any net emissions by 2045, while preparedness against extreme weather should be strengthened.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto establishes that the climate policy framework should remain in place and that Sweden should not have any net emissions by 2045, while preparedness against extreme weather should be strengthened. The counter-proposal's demand that defence both reduces its climate impact and adapts to changed climate, among other things through renewable energy and electrification, follows from these commitments and from the party programme's requirement for a transformed energy system. The plan, however, does not specifically highlight the defence sector.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet slår fast att det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast och att Sverige inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp 2045, samtidigt som beredskapen mot extremväder ska stärkas. Motförslagets krav att försvaret både minskar sin klimatpåverkan och anpassas för ett förändrat klimat, bland annat genom förnybar energi och elektrifiering, följer av dessa åtaganden och av partiprogrammets krav på omställt energisystem. Planen pekar dock inte särskilt ut försvarssektorn.
- climate framework remains in placedecisive»Det klimatpolitiska ramverket ska ligga fast.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The climate policy framework should remain in place.”
- net zero emissions 2045»År 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“By 2045 Sweden should not have any net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, and thereafter achieve negative emissions.”
- transformed energy system»Vårt energisystem måste ställas om.« (party programme ↗)“Our energy system must be transformed.”
- adaptation to changed climate»Stärk beredskapen mot extremväder.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen preparedness against extreme weather.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The counter-proposal wants defence to both reduce its climate impact and adapt to a changed climate, including through transition to renewable energy and electrification.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal wants defence to both reduce its climate impact and adapt to a changed climate, including through transition to renewable energy and electrification. The plan is explicit on both points: climate adaptation shall be invested in, and all activities shall transition from fossil fuels within set timeframes. The party programme moreover links extreme weather directly to society's vulnerability.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslaget vill att försvaret både minskar sin klimatpåverkan och anpassas för ett förändrat klimat, bland annat genom omställning till förnybar energi och elektrifiering. Planen är uttrycklig på båda punkterna: klimatanpassning ska investeras i, och all verksamhet ska ställa om från fossila bränslen inom tidsatta ramar. Partiprogrammet kopplar dessutom extremväder direkt till samhällets sårbarhet.
- climate adaptation of activitiesdecisive»investera i klimatanpassning för att möta effekterna av klimatförändringarna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest in climate adaptation to meet the effects of climate change.”
- phase-out of fossil fuels»införa en omställningslag så att all industri fasar ut kol, olja och fossilgas till senast 2030.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“introduce a transformation act so that all industry phases out coal, oil and fossil gas by 2030 at the latest.”
- extreme weather requires adaptation»Ökande medeltemperatur, mer nederbörd och oftare återkommande extremväder som skyfall och värmeböljor kräver ett arbete med klimatanpassning för att minska samhällets sårbarhet.« (party programme ↗)“Rising average temperatures, more precipitation and more frequent extreme weather such as cloudbursts and heat waves require climate adaptation work to reduce society's vulnerability.”
- fossil-free Sweden 2030»investera minst 100 miljarder per år i att ställa om så att Sverige blir ett fossilfritt välfärdsland senast år 2030.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest at least 100 billion per year in transitioning so that Sweden becomes a fossil-free welfare state by 2030.”
The election manifesto establishes that care for the environment and climate is a central part of politics and never a downgrade or special interest, and the party programme wants Sweden to within less than a generation be completely free from fossil energy.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto establishes that care for the environment and climate is a central part of politics and never a downgrade or special interest, and the party programme wants Sweden to within less than a generation be completely free from fossil energy. The counter-proposal's requirement that defence both reduces its climate impact and adapts to a changed climate, inter alia through renewable energy and electrification, follows directly from these commitments.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet slår fast att omsorg om miljö och klimat är en central del av politiken och aldrig en nedprioritering eller ett särintresse, och partiprogrammet vill att Sverige inom mindre än en generation blir helt fritt från fossil energi. Motförslagets krav att försvaret både minskar sin klimatpåverkan och anpassas till ett förändrat klimat, bland annat genom förnybar energi och elektrifiering, följer direkt av dessa åtaganden.
- climate never downgradeddecisive»För Centerpartiet är omsorg om miljö och klimat en central del av politiken, aldrig en nedprioritering eller ett särintresse.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“For the Centre Party, care for the environment and climate is a central part of politics, never a downgrade or a special interest.”
- climate first»Centerpartiet sätter klimatet först, för att framtiden måste vara grön.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party puts climate first, because the future must be green.”
- 100 per cent renewable energy»Sverige har både möjlighet och skyldighet att inom mindre än en generation bli ett samhälle med hundra procent förnybar energi, helt fritt från fossil energi« (party programme ↗)“Sweden has both the opportunity and responsibility to within less than a generation become a society with 100 per cent renewable energy, completely free from fossil energy”
- emissions-free electricity and grid»Vi vill fördubbla produktionen av utsläppsfri el, och rusta och bygga ut elnätet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to double emissions-free electricity production, and strengthen and expand the electricity grid.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme establishes that fossil fuel dependence is not only an environmental issue but to a very high degree a security policy issue, and that electrification of the transport sector shall be accelerated.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme establishes that fossil fuel dependence is not only an environmental issue but to a very high degree a security policy issue, and that electrification of the transport sector shall be accelerated. The counter-proposal's demand that defense plans for transition to renewable energy and is adapted to a changed climate follows from this line, which is also carried by climate being described as our generation's defining issue. The plan does not take a position on how defense's own operations shall be climate-adapted, which is why support is inferred.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet slår fast att fossilberoendet inte bara är en miljöfråga utan i högsta grad en säkerhetspolitisk fråga, och att elektrifieringen av transportsektorn ska påskyndas. Motförslagets krav att försvaret planerar för omställning till förnybar energi och anpassas till ett förändrat klimat följer av denna linje, som också bärs av att klimatet beskrivs som vår tids ödesfråga. Planen tar inte ställning till hur försvarets egen verksamhet ska klimatanpassas, varför stödet är härlett.
- fossil fuel dependence as a security issuedecisive»behovet av olja och gas är inte endast en miljöfråga utan i högsta grad en säkerhetspolitisk fråga.« (party programme ↗)“the need for oil and gas is not only an environmental issue but to a very high degree a security policy issue.”
- accelerated electrification»Elektrifieringen av transportsektorn ska påskyndas.« (party programme ↗)“Electrification of the transport sector shall be accelerated.”
- away with fossil emissions»Fossilutsläppen från transportsektorn ska bort.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Fossil emissions from the transport sector shall be gone.”
- climate as defining issue»Vi vet att klimatet är vår tids ödesfråga och måste mötas därefter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We know that climate is our generation's defining issue and must be met accordingly.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires forceful action to halt emissions of greenhouse gases and that fossil fuels are phased out from both energy and transport sectors, while environmental considerations should permeate all policy areas.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires forceful action to halt emissions of greenhouse gases and that fossil fuels are phased out from both energy and transport sectors, while environmental considerations should permeate all policy areas. Defence is no exception to stewardship. The counter-proposal's demands that defence is adapted both for reduced climate impact and for a changed climate therefore follow from the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver krafttag för att hejda utsläppen av växthusgaser och att fossilbränslena fasas ut från både energi- och transportsektorn, samtidigt som miljöhänsyn ska genomsyra alla politikområden. Försvaret är inget undantag från förvaltarskapet. Motförslagets krav på att försvaret anpassas både för minskad klimatpåverkan och för ett förändrat klimat följer därmed av planen.
- environmental considerations in all policy areasdecisive»Miljöhänsyn behöver genomsyra alla« (party programme ↗)“Environmental considerations need to permeate all”
- forceful action against climate change»För att motverka klimatförändring krävs krafttag för« (party programme ↗)“To counteract climate change, forceful action is required for”
- phasing out fossil fuels»Fossilbränslena måste fasas ut från såväl energi- som« (party programme ↗)“Fossil fuels must be phased out from both energy and”
- reduced climate emissions»MINSKADE KLIMATUTSLÄPP« (2022 manifesto ↗)“REDUCED CLIMATE EMISSIONS”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan prioritizes defence capability and deterrent effect, and its energy policy commitment is explicitly that the objective should be 100 per cent fossil-free rather than 100 per cent renewable.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan prioritizes defence capability and deterrent effect, and its energy policy commitment is explicitly that the objective should be 100 per cent fossil-free rather than 100 per cent renewable. The counter-proposal wants to steer defence towards conversion to renewable energy and own emission reductions, which both shifts the focus from capability and uses a target formulation the plan rejects. The party programme also warns against climate policy that becomes expensive symbolic politics.
Original (Swedish)
Planen prioriterar försvarsförmåga och krigsavhållande effekt, och dess energipolitiska åtagande är uttryckligen att målet ska vara 100 procent fossilfritt i stället för 100 procent förnybart. Motförslaget vill styra försvaret mot omställning till förnybar energi och egna utsläppsminskningar, vilket både förskjuter tyngdpunkten från förmåga och använder en målformulering planen förkastar. Partiprogrammet varnar dessutom för klimatpolitik som blir dyrbar symbolpolitik.
- fossil-free not renewabledecisive»Ändra det energipolitiska målet från 100 procent förnybart till 100 procent fossilfritt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Change the energy policy objective from 100 per cent renewable to 100 per cent fossil-free”
- defence capability first»Målet är att det svenska försvaret ska vara krigsavhållande och avskräcka en eventuell motståndare från att angripa Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The objective is that Swedish defence shall be deterrent and deter a potential adversary from attacking Sweden.”
- no symbolic politics»Klimatpolitiken får aldrig reduceras till dyrbar symbolpolitik eller snäv klimatnationalism.« (party programme ↗)“Climate policy must never be reduced to expensive symbolic politics or narrow climate nationalism.”
- prioritize core tasks»Politiken har en viktig uppgift att prioritera och välja bort,« (party programme ↗)“Policy has an important task to prioritize and omit,”
The plan states that defence should be equipped for war and climate goals should be pursued based on evidence, results and Swedish competitiveness rather than political desire to go first.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan states that defence should be equipped for war and climate goals should be pursued based on evidence, results and Swedish competitiveness rather than political desire to go first. Imposing defence's own emissions reductions and a transition to renewable energy is the kind of symbolic politics the plan explicitly wants to stop when it pushes out core operations. The plan's climate line is global cost-effectiveness, not sector-wide Swedish requirements.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att försvaret ska vara rustat för krig och att klimatmål ska genomföras utifrån evidens, resultat och svensk konkurrenskraft snarare än politisk vilja att gå först. Att ålägga försvaret egna utsläppsminskningar och en omställning till förnybar energi är den typ av symbolpolitik planen uttryckligen vill stoppa när den tränger ut kärnverksamheten. Planens klimatlinje är global kostnadseffektivitet, inte sektorsvisa svenska krav.
- defence's task is wardecisive»Försvaret ska vara rustat för krig.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Defence should be equipped for war.”
- climate goals based on evidence»Evidens, resultat och svensk konkurrenskraft ska styra genomförandet av klimatmål i högre utsträckning än politikers vilja att gå först och längst.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Evidence, results and Swedish competitiveness should to a higher degree guide the implementation of climate goals rather than politicians' desire to go first and furthest.”
- stop symbolic politics»Stoppa symbolpolitik som går ut över möjligheten att bedriva industri och näring« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop symbolic politics that goes out at the expense of the ability to conduct industry and business”
- cost-effective climate policy»Bedriva en effektiv klimatpolitik med ett tydligt globalt perspektiv« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Pursue effective climate policy with a clear global perspective”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2024/25:FöU2)
- Committee report full text (HC01FöU2)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2024/25:1044 — Prövning av nedläggningshotade flygplatser för Sveriges civila och militära beredskap av Lili André (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:116 — Etablering av ett luftvärnsregemente i Kalmar av Gudrun Brunegård (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:1162 — Översyn av infrastrukturen i Västsverige utifrån ett säkerhetspolitiskt perspektiv av Magnus Jacobsson (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:123 — Säkerställande av samhällsviktig verksamhet och militär infrastruktur vid Säve flygplats av Rashid Farivar (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1394 — Kemikaliepolitik av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1405 — Totalförsvarsmotion av Lars Wistedt m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1406 — Militärt försvar av Lars Wistedt m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1407 — Civilt försvar av Björn Söder m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1433 — Säkerhetspolitik av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1436 — Rymdstrategi av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1442 — Arktis av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2024/25:1501 — Biologiska smittor av Marléne Lund Kopparklint (M)
- Motion 2024/25:202 — De gröna näringarna och äganderätten av Gudrun Brunegård (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:2023 — Stärkt sydsvenskt försvar av Ludvig Ceimertz m.fl. (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2331 — Försörjningsberedskap av Mattias Ottosson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2024/25:2383 — Gotland är värt att försvara av Jesper Skalberg Karlsson (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2486 — Vatten, hav och fiske av Stina Larsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2024/25:25 — Fortsatt stöd till Ukraina av Magnus Jacobsson (KD)
- Motion 2024/25:2664 — Beredskapslager för säkrad livsmedelstillgång av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage (M)
- Motion 2024/25:2710 — Stärkt civilt försvar av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage (M)
Source: The Swedish Parliament