2026-05-262025/26:JuU28 · p.2JuUJustice
Permit Review, Notification Obligation, and Privacy Protection
Police AI facial recognition – permit review, notification duty and privacy protection
What's at stake: The design affects the legal safeguards for people who risk being identified or located using the technology, including who reviews permits, who is notified, and how data and oversight are handled.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question concerns how the permit review, notification duty and privacy protection around police use of real-time AI facial recognition should be designed - according to the government's proposal with a split of reviewing bodies, or according to the demand that all review take place in general courts with public counsel and a broader notification duty.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee shares the assessment that the proposed regulation, with requirements for a permit, notification to individuals and oversight by various bodies, strikes a reasonable balance between effective law-enforcement tools and the individual's right to protection of personal privacy, and that the technology may in addition only be used when absolutely necessary and proportionate.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 2 (V, MP)
The dissenters (V, MP) want all permit review of the AI technology to take place in general courts with access to public counsel and a right of appeal, the notification duty to also cover preventive use, data never to be shared with private vendors, and mandatory, recurring risk analyses to be carried out to counter discrimination and mass surveillance.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 2 by V, MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/21/0/0 | follows the plan | confidence: high | derived |
| S | No | Yes 106/0/0/0 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | No | No 0/18/0/0 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| C | No | Yes 24/0/0/0 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | No | Yes 16/0/0/0 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 19/0/0/0 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| M | Yes | Yes 65/0/0/1 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | Yes | Yes 69/0/0/1 | follows the plan | confidence: high | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2025/26:3947 by Gudrun Nordborg et al. (V) requests 1 and 2 and 2025/26:3953 by Ulrika Westerlund et al. (MP) requests 1 and 2.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2025/26:3947 av Gudrun Nordborg m.fl. (V) yrkandena 1 och 2 samt 2025/26:3953 av Ulrika Westerlund m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 1 och 2.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag said yes to the government's proposal to give the Police Authority the opportunity to use AI technology for real-time facial recognition. The proposal means that the Police Authority shall be able to use AI technology if it is absolutely necessary in order to locate or identify a particular person who is suspected of being a victim of human trafficking, human smuggling, or human exploitation or who is missing and suspected of being a victim of a crime where there is an imminent risk that the person will commit a serious crime that poses a danger to another person's life or physical safety who can reasonably be suspected of having committed a particular serious crime for which the penal code provides imprisonment for four years or more or such a sentence can follow for attempt, preparation, or complicity in such crimes, in order to investigate or prosecute the crime who has been sentenced for such a serious crime, in order to enforce the criminal penalty. The use of the technology must be proportionate and must require authorization from a prosecutor or court. In urgent cases, use may be initiated without authorization and then an application for authorization must be made within 24 hours. The new law and other amendments come into force on 1 July 2026.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to strengthen legal safeguards for AI-based facial recognition through court review and stronger data protection. (V, MP) — Reservation 2
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan states that all people have the right to protection of their personal integrity, that the courts should be independent and that legal security is maintained through transparency and independent oversight.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan states that all people have the right to protection of their personal integrity, that the courts should be independent and that legal security is maintained through transparency and independent oversight. The election manifesto furthermore points out that young people with foreign backgrounds are subjected to racism from the police, which makes risk analyses against discrimination central. The plan therefore supports the counter-proposal's demands for court review, public ombudsman, expanded reporting obligations and mandatory risk analyses.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att alla människor har rätt till skydd av sin personliga integritet, att domstolarna ska vara självständiga och att rättssäkerheten upprätthålls genom insyn och oberoende granskning. Valmanifestet pekar dessutom på att unga med utländsk bakgrund utsätts för rasism från polisen, vilket gör riskanalyser mot diskriminering centrala. Planen stöder därför motförslagets krav på domstolsprövning, offentligt ombud, utökad underrättelseskyldighet och obligatoriska riskanalyser.
- protection of personal integritydecisive»har rätt till skydd av sin personliga integritet.« (party programme ↗)“have the right to protection of their personal integrity.”
- independent courts»Samhället behöver ett väl fungerande rättsväsende, med självständiga« (party programme ↗)“Society needs a well-functioning justice system, with independent”
- against discriminatory policing»Många unga, särskilt med utländsk bakgrund, som bor i fattiga områden, utsätts även för rasism och övervåld från polisen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Many young people, especially those with foreign backgrounds, who live in poor areas, are also subjected to racism and police brutality”
- legal security and oversight»Rättssäkerheten behöver upprätthållas genom rättshjälp, medborgerlig« (party programme ↗)“Legal security needs to be maintained through legal aid, civil”
The plan requires protection for personal integrity and that principles of the rule of law are protected when challenged, while racism and structural discrimination shall be systematically combated.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires protection for personal integrity and that principles of the rule of law are protected when challenged, while racism and structural discrimination shall be systematically combated. Court proceedings with public counsel, notification obligation even in preventive use and recurring risk analyses against discrimination are exactly such guarantees and do not restrict crime fighting tools in substance. The plan also requires democratic rules for artificial intelligence.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver skydd för den personliga integriteten och att rättsstatens principer värnas när de utmanas, samtidigt som rasism och strukturell diskriminering systematiskt ska motarbetas. Domstolsprövning med offentligt ombud, underrättelseskyldighet även vid förebyggande användning och återkommande riskanalyser mot diskriminering är just sådana garantier och begränsar inte brottsbekämpningens verktyg i sak. Planen kräver också demokratiska spelregler för artificiell intelligens.
- protection of integritydecisive»Skydd för den personliga integriteten.« (party programme ↗)“Protection for personal integrity.”
- principles of the rule of law»Slå vakt om rättsstatens principer.« (party programme ↗)“Guard the principles of the rule of law.”
- combated structural discrimination»Den vill systematiskt motarbeta rasism och annan strukturell diskriminering« (party programme ↗)“wants to systematically combat racism and other structural discrimination”
- democratic rules for AI»Brutna oligopol och demokratiska spelregler för digital kommunikation« (party programme ↗)“Broken oligopolies and democratic rules for digital communication”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that risks be managed when powerful technologies such as AI are established, that court independence be safeguarded and that new legislation be carefully examined based on legal certainty and fundamental freedoms and rights.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that risks be managed when powerful technologies such as AI are established, that court independence be safeguarded and that new legislation be carefully examined based on legal certainty and fundamental freedoms and rights. Court review with a public ombudsman, right of appeal, prohibition on sharing data with private providers and recurring risk analyses for discrimination are expressions of precisely these requirements. The counter-proposal thus aligns with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att riskerna hanteras när kraftfulla tekniker som AI etableras, att domstolarnas oberoende värnas och att ny lagstiftning prövas noggrant utifrån rättssäkerhet och grundläggande fri- och rättigheter. Domstolsprövning med offentligt ombud, överklagbarhet, förbud mot att dela uppgifter med privata leverantörer och återkommande riskanalyser mot diskriminering är uttryck för just dessa krav. Motförslaget ligger därför i linje med planen.
- risk management for new technologydecisive»När nya kraftfulla tekniker etableras måste de risker som finns hanteras.« (party programme ↗)“When powerful new technologies are established, the risks that exist must be managed.”
- independent court review»Domstolarnas oberoende ska värnas« (party programme ↗)“Court independence shall be safeguarded”
- legal certainty review of legislation»prövas noggrant utifrån rättssäkerhet och grundläggande fri- och rättigheter.« (party programme ↗)“carefully examined based on legal certainty and fundamental freedoms and rights.”
- protection against discrimination»stärka lagstiftningen mot diskriminering och se över rätten till rättshjälp i diskrimineringsfall.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen legislation against discrimination and review the right to legal aid in discrimination cases.”
The plan explicitly says no to preventive surveillance and requires that the rule of law and the individual's rights against the state be defended, with strong privacy protection as an indispensable part of democracy.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly says no to preventive surveillance and requires that the rule of law and the individual's rights against the state be defended, with strong privacy protection as an indispensable part of democracy. The counter-proposal's requirements for court review with a public counsel, expanded duty of disclosure, prohibition against sharing information with private suppliers and recurring risk analyses against mass surveillance follow from these commitments. This particular technology is not addressed in the plan, which is why the conclusion is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen säger uttryckligen nej till preventiv avlyssning och kräver att rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten försvaras, med ett starkt integritetsskydd som omistlig del av demokratin. Motförslagets krav på domstolsprövning med offentligt ombud, utökad underrättelseskyldighet, förbud mot att dela uppgifter med privata leverantörer och återkommande riskanalyser mot massövervakning följer av dessa åtaganden. Just den här tekniken behandlas inte i planen, varför slutsatsen är härledd.
- no to preventive surveillancedecisive»Rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten måste försvaras. Vi säger därför nej till visitationszoner, kollektiv bestraffning, omvänd bevisbörda, anonyma vittnen, preventiv avlyssning och inskränkningar av religionsfriheten.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The rule of law and the individual's rights against the state must be defended. We therefore say no to search zones, collective punishment, reversed burden of proof, anonymous witnesses, preventive surveillance and restrictions on religious freedom.”
- strong privacy protection»Ett starkt integritetsskydd är därför en omistlig del av ett öppet och demokratiskt samhälle.« (party programme ↗)“Strong privacy protection is therefore an indispensable part of an open and democratic society.”
- proportionality reviewweak support»All lagstiftning bör prövas mot dess påverkan på människors personliga integritet.« (party programme ↗)“All legislation should be tested against its impact on people's personal integrity.”
- court review and counsel»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad. Ledtiderna för handläggning och myndighetsutövning i domstolar och myndigheter måste kortas och tillgången till ombud förbättras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone who lives in Sweden should be able to have their case reviewed. Processing times for handling and authority operations in courts and authorities must be shortened and access to counsel improved.”
flags: citat_svagt
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that protection for the individual's integrity be strengthened, that integrity-invasive measures are only justified when an opposing interest weighs clearly more heavily, and that such laws be regularly evaluated.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that protection for the individual's integrity be strengthened, that integrity-invasive measures are only justified when an opposing interest weighs clearly more heavily, and that such laws be regularly evaluated. The plan also presupposes court decision when secret coercive measures are used against gang members. The counter-proposal's requirements for court review, notification and recurring risk analyses lie in line with this, as does the requirement for purpose limitation.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att skyddet för den enskildes integritet stärks, att integritetsingripande åtgärder bara är berättigade när ett motstående intresse väger uppenbart tyngre, och att sådana lagar regelbundet utvärderas. Planen förutsätter dessutom domstolsbeslut när hemliga tvångsmedel används mot gängmedlemmar. Motförslagets krav på domstolsprövning, underrättelse och återkommande riskanalyser ligger i linje med detta, liksom kravet på ändamålsbegränsning.
- strengthened integrity protectiondecisive»Skyddet för den enskildes integritet ska stärkas. Åtgärder som påverkar den personliga integriteten negativt är endast berättigade om ett motstående intresse väger uppenbart tyngre och åtgärden är effektiv.« (party programme ↗)“Protection for the individual's integrity shall be strengthened. Measures that negatively affect personal integrity are only justified if an opposing interest weighs clearly more heavily and the measure is effective.”
- purpose limitation»Övervakning och registrering ska inte användas för andra syften än vad som var de ursprungliga motiven eller vad som var känt för den individ som lämnade uppgifterna.« (party programme ↗)“Surveillance and recording shall not be used for purposes other than what were the original reasons or what was known to the individual who provided the information.”
- regular evaluation»Redan införda lagar med stark påverkan på den personliga integriteten ska regelbundet utvärderas.« (party programme ↗)“Already enacted laws with strong impact on personal integrity shall be regularly evaluated.”
- court decision for coercive measures»Avlyssning och andra hemliga tvångsmedel ska kunna användas både vid misstanke om fler brott än i dag och efter domstolsbeslut mot organiserade gängmedlemmar även utan konkret brottsmisstanke.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Wiretapping and other secret coercive measures shall be able to be used both when suspecting more crimes than today and after court decision against organized gang members even without concrete suspicion of crime.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme requires that personal integrity has strong constitutional protection and that the public applies great caution in handling personal data, and that police powers are clearly limited.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme requires that personal integrity has strong constitutional protection and that the public applies great caution in handling personal data, and that police powers are clearly limited. The counter-proposal does not abolish the tool but tightens permission testing, notification and risk analyses. It thus lies close to the plan, although the plan simultaneously wants effective crime prevention.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet kräver att den personliga integriteten har ett starkt grundlagsskydd och att det offentliga tillämpar stor försiktighet vid hantering av personuppgifter, samt att polisiära befogenheter är tydligt avgränsade. Motförslaget avskaffar inte verktyget utan skärper tillståndsprövning, underrättelse och riskanalyser. Det ligger därför nära planen, även om planen samtidigt vill ha en effektiv brottsbekämpning.
- strong integrity protectiondecisive»Den personliga integriteten ska ha ett starkt grundlagsskydd och det offentliga måste tillämpa stor försiktighet och respekt för den personliga integriteten vid hantering av personuppgifter.« (party programme ↗)“Personal integrity shall have strong constitutional protection and the public must apply great caution and respect for personal integrity in handling personal data.”
- clearly defined powers»Det europeiska polissamarbetet ska vara väl utvecklat samtidigt som dess befogenheter ska vara tydligt avgränsade, och skyddet för den personliga integriteten värnas.« (party programme ↗)“European police cooperation shall be well developed while its powers shall be clearly limited, and protection for personal integrity shall be protected.”
- strong court review»Domstolarnas ställning ska vara stark och självständig.« (party programme ↗)“The position of the courts shall be strong and independent.”
- effective crime prevention and integrity»Tilltron till rättssamhället bygger på att människorna kan förlita sig på att en effektiv brottsbekämpning och en fri och oberoende rättskipning ger trygghet för personlig integritet och egendom.« (party programme ↗)“Trust in the rule of law is built on people being able to rely on effective crime prevention and free and independent administration of justice providing security for personal integrity and property.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants to significantly increase the number of surveillance cameras and give police better technical tools, since far too few serious crimes are solved.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to significantly increase the number of surveillance cameras and give police better technical tools, since far too few serious crimes are solved. The counter-proposal's demand for court review in each individual case, expanded notification requirements and mandatory risk analyses would circumscribe the tool so tightly that it counteracts the efficiency the plan seeks. The plan does value personal integrity, but sees freedom and security as two sides of the same coin.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill kraftigt öka antalet övervakningskameror och ge polisen bättre tekniska verktyg, eftersom alldeles för få grova brott klaras upp. Motförslagets krav på domstolsprövning i varje enskilt fall, utvidgad underrättelseskyldighet och obligatoriska riskanalyser skulle kringgärda verktyget så hårt att det motverkar den effektivitet planen efterfrågar. Planen värnar visserligen den personliga integriteten, men ser frihet och trygghet som två sidor av samma sak.
- expanded camera surveillancedecisive»Kraftigt öka antalet övervakningskameror« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Significantly increase the number of surveillance cameras”
- better police equipment»Satsa på polisens utrustning, exempelvis kroppskameror men också vattenkanoner att använda vid exempelvis upplopp« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in police equipment, for example body cameras but also water cannons for use at for example riots”
- expanded police powers»Införa visitationszoner så att Polisen får bättre möjligheter att leta efter vapen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce stop-and-search zones so the police get better opportunities to search for weapons”
- security as condition for freedom»Frihet och trygghet går hand i hand.« (party programme ↗)“Freedom and security go hand in hand.”
The plan demands that the judicial system receives more powerful surveillance and investigation tools and that procedural obstacles to increased prosecution are removed.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan demands that the judicial system receives more powerful surveillance and investigation tools and that procedural obstacles to increased prosecution are removed. The counter-proposal instead wants to build in additional legal security safeguards - court review with public counsel, expanded duty to inform and mandatory risk analyses - which would tighten precisely the tools the plan wants to expand. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's demands.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att rättsväsendet får kraftfullare spanings- och övervakningsverktyg och att processuella hinder för ökad lagföring undanröjs. Motförslaget vill i stället bygga in ytterligare rättssäkerhetsspärrar - domstolsprövning med offentligt ombud, utvidgad underrättelseskyldighet och obligatoriska riskanalyser - vilket skulle strama åt just de verktyg planen vill vidga. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets krav.
- camera monitoring against gangsdecisive»Åtgärder ska vidtas för att bättre kunna kartlägga gängaktiva genom t.ex. underrättelsearbete och informationsinhämtning, spaning, kameraövervakning och avlyssning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Measures shall be taken to better map gang-active persons through e.g. intelligence work and information gathering, surveillance, camera monitoring and wiretapping.”
- remove procedural obstacles»Processuella hinder för att möjliggöra en ökad lagföring måste också undanröjas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Procedural obstacles to enable increased prosecution must also be removed.”
- tools against gang crime»Ge rättsväsendet resurser och verktyg för att bekämpa gängen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Give the judicial system resources and tools to combat gangs”
- improved prosecution»Rättsväsendets samverkan mellan myndigheter och verktyg för att upptäcka och lagföra kriminella ska förbättras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The judicial system's cooperation between authorities and tools to detect and prosecute criminals shall be improved.”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2025/26:JuU28)
- Committee report full text (HD01JuU28)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2025/26:3947 — med anledning av prop. 2025/26:150 Polisens användning av AI för ansiktsigenkänning i realtid av Gudrun Nordborg m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2025/26:3953 — med anledning av prop. 2025/26:150 Polisens användning av AI för ansiktsigenkänning i realtid av Ulrika Westerlund m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2025/26:3956 — med anledning av prop. 2025/26:150 Polisens användning av AI för ansiktsigenkänning i realtid av Ulrika Liljeberg m.fl. (C)
- Proposition 2025/26:150 — Polisens användning av AI för ansiktsigenkänning i realtid
Source: The Swedish Parliament