2023-06-142022/23:TU12 · p.13TUTransport & infrastructure

Certain postal competition issues

Competition and access to infrastructure in the postal and parcel market

What's at stake: An unclear competitive situation and limited access to postal infrastructure can affect which operators are able to establish themselves, particularly in sparsely populated areas, as well as prices and the range of services for consumers and e-commerce businesses that depend on postal and parcel services.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the state should actively clarify the competitive situation in parcel distribution and ensure that all postal operators have access to postal infrastructure, such as postal codes, or whether current oversight and regulation are already sufficient.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee notes that the postal market is undergoing major changes, but that PTS conducts continuous supervision to ensure that postal operators, including Postnord as the designated provider of the universal postal service, meet the requirements of the Postal Act. The committee considers this a sound arrangement and therefore rejects the motions calling for specifically clarifying the competitive situation and giving all postal operators access to the postal infrastructure.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 27 (C)

The reservation wants the government to swiftly clarify the competitive situation in parcel distribution, partly because the VAT exemption for Postnord's universal postal service risks distorting competition for parcels up to 20 kilograms, and wants all postal operators, including e-commerce and digital service companies, to gain access to the postal infrastructure, including postal codes.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 27 by C.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoYes 94/0/0/13departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPNoYes 15/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MNoYes 60/0/0/8departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
SDNoYes 63/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects motion 2022/23:834 by Ulrika Heie et al. (C) motions 78-80.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2022/23:834 av Ulrika Heie m.fl. (C) yrkandena 78-80.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected the 89 proposals in motions submitted during the general motion period of 2022. The proposals dealt with, among other things, digitalization, digital participation and authentication, access to electronic communication, expansion of the 5G network, and postal service throughout the country. The Riksdag refers to planned or already taken measures and ongoing preparation work.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan wants to take back public essential services and infrastructure that have been privatized and holds societal ownership within communications and other infrastructure as particularly important.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to take back public essential services and infrastructure that have been privatized and holds societal ownership within communications and other infrastructure as particularly important. It also points out that privatizations have worsened service, particularly in rural areas. Clarifying competition within package distribution and opening postal infrastructure to all operators and e-commerce companies drives market logic further, which the plan opposes.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill ta tillbaka samhällsviktig verksamhet och infrastruktur som privatiserats och håller samhällsägandet inom kommunikationer och övrig infrastruktur för särskilt viktigt. Den pekar också på att privatiseringar försämrat servicen, inte minst på landsbygden. Att klargöra konkurrensen inom paketdistributionen och öppna den postala infrastrukturen för alla operatörer och e-handelsföretag driver marknadslogiken vidare, vilket planen motsätter sig.

  • reclaim privatized infrastructuredecisive»Det är hög tid att agera och ta tillbaka den samhällsviktiga verksamhet och infrastruktur som har privatiserats.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is high time to act and take back the public essential services and infrastructure that have been privatized.”
  • publicly-owned communications»samhällsägandet är starkt inom ekonomins nyckelsektorer« (party programme ↗)“societal ownership is strong within the economy's key sectors”
  • privatization worsens service»Privatiseringar har lett till dyrare elpris, att apoteken flyttar från landsbygd till städer och från fattiga till rika områden« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Privatizations have led to higher electricity prices, pharmacies moving from rural areas to cities and from poor to rich areas”
  • against market fundamentalism»De marknadsfundamentalistiska konkurrens- och frihandelsregler som försvårar« (party programme ↗)“The market-fundamentalist competition and free trade rules that impede”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The party programme demands effective competition legislation that counteracts monopolies and concentration, which is the principle closest to the counter-proposal's requirement to clarify the competition situation in parcel distribution and open the postal infrastructure.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme demands effective competition legislation that counteracts monopolies and concentration, which is the principle closest to the counter-proposal's requirement to clarify the competition situation in parcel distribution and open the postal infrastructure. The plan at the same time values state presence and public service throughout the country, which is a reason not to hollow out the comprehensive public service. On the whole the plan speaks in favour of the counter-proposal's requirement, but the basis is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet kräver en effektiv konkurrenslagstiftning som motverkar monopol och koncentration, vilket är den princip som ligger närmast motförslagets krav på att klargöra konkurrenssituationen i paketdistributionen och öppna den postala infrastrukturen. Planen värnar samtidigt statlig närvaro och samhällsservice i hela landet, vilket är ett skäl att inte urholka den samhällsomfattande tjänsten. Sammantaget talar planen för motförslagets krav, men underlaget är svagt.

  • counteract monopoliesdecisive»konkurrenslagstiftning ska motverka monopol och koncentration.« (party programme ↗)“competition legislation shall counteract monopolies and concentration.”
  • open and fair market»Vi står upp för en öppen, fri och rättvis handel.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We stand up for open, free and fair trade.”
  • public service throughout the country»Staten ska finnas närvarande i hela landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The state shall be present throughout the country.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The party programme requires that monopoly and cartel formation be counteracted to create functioning markets and that the state through legislation and oversight ensures that fair conditions prevail.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme requires that monopoly and cartel formation be counteracted to create functioning markets and that the state through legislation and oversight ensures that fair conditions prevail. Clarifying the competitive situation in parcel distribution and giving all operators access to the postal infrastructure follows from that principle. The plan at the same time emphasises that postal services throughout the country are a social responsibility, which makes the support a derived position.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet kräver att monopol- och kartellbildningar motverkas för att skapa fungerande marknader och att staten genom lagstiftning och övervakning ser till att sunda villkor råder. Att klargöra konkurrenssituationen i paketdistributionen och ge alla operatörer tillgång till den postala infrastrukturen följer av den principen. Planen betonar samtidigt att posttjänster i hela landet är ett samhällsansvar, vilket gör stödet till ett härlett ställningstagande.

  • counteract monopolydecisive»Monopol- och kartellbildningar ska motverkas för att skapa fungerande« (party programme ↗)“Monopoly and cartel formation shall be counteracted to create functioning”
  • fair conditions in the market»Staten ska genom lagstiftning och övervakning se« (party programme ↗)“The state shall through legislation and oversight ensure”
  • postal services throughout the country»också finnas tillgänglig över hela Sverige. Detta ska« (party programme ↗)“shall also be available throughout Sweden. This shall”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan sees competition as an important driving force, wants to dampen prices through freer markets and requires equal conditions for businesses.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan sees competition as an important driving force, wants to dampen prices through freer markets and requires equal conditions for businesses. To clarify the competition situation in parcel distribution and give all postal operators access to postal infrastructure follows from that commitment. The plan at the same time requires that service is close and reliable throughout the country, which the universal service obligation shall secure.

Original (Swedish)

Planen ser konkurrens som en viktig drivkraft, vill dämpa priser genom friare marknader och kräver lika villkor för företagen. Att klargöra konkurrenssituationen i paketdistributionen och ge alla postoperatörer tillgång till den postala infrastrukturen följer av det åtagandet. Planen kräver samtidigt att servicen är nära och pålitlig i hela landet, vilket det samhällsomfattande uppdraget ska säkra.

  • competition as a driving forcedecisive»Konkurrens är en viktig drivkraft för utvecklingen av marknadsekonomin.« (party programme ↗)“Competition is an important driving force for the development of the market economy.”
  • freer markets dampen prices»Genom att skapa friare marknader och förbättra konkurrensen kan vi dämpa priserna ytterligare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“By creating freer markets and improving competition we can dampen prices further.”
  • reliable service throughout the country»Offentlig service ska vara nära och pålitlig i hela landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Public service shall be close and reliable throughout the country.”

flags: citat_blockerat

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan's guiding commitment here is that laws and rules shall protect competition on equal terms and that the public shall not operate activities that crowd out functioning private alternatives.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's guiding commitment here is that laws and rules shall protect competition on equal terms and that the public shall not operate activities that crowd out functioning private alternatives. A VAT exemption that skews competition within package distribution is exactly such a problem, and access to postal infrastructure for all operators follows from the demand for strong competition law. The plan also establishes that postal services shall function across the country.

Original (Swedish)

Planens bärande åtagande här är att lagar och regler ska slå vakt om konkurrens på lika villkor och att det offentliga inte ska driva verksamhet som tränger ut fungerande privata alternativ. En momsbefrielse som snedvrider konkurrensen inom paketdistributionen är precis ett sådant problem, och tillgång till den postala infrastrukturen för alla operatörer följer av kravet på stark konkurrenslagstiftning. Planen slår också fast att posttjänsterna ska fungera i hela landet.

  • competition on equal termsdecisive»konkurrens på lika villkor, rättssäkerhet och att enskilda människor har likvärdiga och goda möjligheter att« (party programme ↗)“competition on equal terms, legal certainty and that individuals have equal and good opportunities to”
  • no crowding out of private actors»driva verksamheter som tränger ut fungerande privata alternativ eller försvårar nyföretagande.« (party programme ↗)“operate activities that crowd out functioning private alternatives or make starting a business more difficult.”
  • strong competition law»behövs en stark konkurrenslagstiftning och konsumentlagar som ger rätt till korrekt produktinformation.« (party programme ↗)“requires strong competition law and consumer laws that give the right to correct product information.”
  • functioning postal services»Tillgången till posttjänster måste fungera i hela landet.« (party programme ↗)“Access to postal services must function across the country.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan requires an effective competition policy that counters monopolies and unfair competition, that monopolies are only to occur exceptionally and that operational forms as far as possible be based on absence of monopolies.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires an effective competition policy that counters monopolies and unfair competition, that monopolies are only to occur exceptionally and that operational forms as far as possible be based on absence of monopolies. Clarifying the competition situation in parcel distribution and giving all postal operators access to postal infrastructure follows directly from this, as does the state's responsibility for equal conditions.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en effektiv konkurrenspolitik som motverkar monopol och illojal konkurrens, att monopol bara får förekomma undantagsvis och att verksamhetsformer så långt möjligt bygger på frånvaro av monopol. Att klargöra konkurrenssituationen i paketdistributionen och ge alla postoperatörer tillgång till den postala infrastrukturen följer direkt av detta, liksom statens ansvar för likvärdiga villkor.

  • effective competitiondecisive»effektiv konkurrenspolitik motverkar oligopol, monopol och illojal konkurrens.« (party programme ↗)“effective competition policy counters oligopolies, monopolies and unfair competition.”
  • absence of monopolies»offentliga sektorns verksamhetsformer ska så långt möjligt bygga på frånvaro av monopol.« (party programme ↗)“public sector operational forms shall as far as possible be based on absence of monopolies.”
  • equal conditions»övergripande ansvaret för att likvärdiga villkor ska gälla« (party programme ↗)“overarching responsibility for equal conditions to apply”
  • opened markets»Det måste ske genom att förenkla regler och förbättra konkurrensen« (party programme ↗)“It must happen through simplifying rules and improving competition”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan and programme give the state the task of promoting competition and of deepening the internal market for services and digital products.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan and programme give the state the task of promoting competition and of deepening the internal market for services and digital products. To quickly clarify the competition situation in package distribution and to give all postal operators access to the postal infrastructure follows from the principle of equal conditions for market participants. The documents do not specifically address the postal market, so the stance is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen och programmet ger staten uppgiften att främja konkurrensen och att fördjupa den inre marknaden för tjänster och digitala produkter. Att skyndsamt klargöra konkurrenssituationen i paketdistributionen och att ge alla postoperatörer tillgång till den postala infrastrukturen följer av den principen om lika villkor för marknadens aktörer. Dokumenten behandlar inte postmarknaden särskilt, varför ställningstagandet är härlett.

  • the state promotes competitiondecisive»skydda penningvärdet, främja konkurrensen« (party programme ↗)“protect the value of money, promote competition”
  • deepened internal market»Fördjupa den inre marknaden, inte minst för tjänster och digitala produkter« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Deepen the internal market, not least for services and digital products”
  • free economy and equal conditions»Men den fria ekonomin har större värden än de rent ekonomiska.« (party programme ↗)“But the free economy has greater values than purely economic ones.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the postal market's competitive conditions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the postal market's competitive conditions. The closest principle is that market economy should be defended and that unnecessarily strict conditions should not make it difficult for smaller players to enter the market, which speaks for clarifying distorted conditions in package distribution and opening up infrastructure. The plan also wants to ensure functioning postal services for all.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte postmarknadens konkurrensvillkor. Den närmast liggande principen är att marknadsekonomin ska försvaras och att onödigt stränga villkor inte får göra det svårt för mindre aktörer att slå sig in på marknaden, vilket talar för att snedvridande villkor i paketdistributionen klargörs och att infrastrukturen öppnas. Planen vill dessutom säkerställa fungerande posttjänster för alla.

  • equal conditions for smaller playersdecisive»Onödigt stränga villkor i branschstandarder och i upphandlingar gör det ofta svårt för mindre aktörer att slå sig in på marknaden.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Unnecessarily strict conditions in industry standards and procurement often make it difficult for smaller players to enter the market.”
  • market economy defended»Sverigedemokraterna ser att marknadsekonomi, valfrihet inom välfärden och internationell handel gynnar samhället och är viktigt att försvara, men kan samtidigt se att stora välstånd som skapas måste komma fler till del.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats see that market economy, choice within welfare and international trade benefit society and are important to defend, but can simultaneously see that the great wealth created must benefit more people.”
  • functioning postal services»säkerställa att alla har tillgång till telefoni och fungerande posttjänster, inklusive möjligheten att få sin myndighetspost digitalt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“ensure that everyone has access to telephony and functioning postal services, including the opportunity to receive government post digitally”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament