2023-05-032022/23:FöU8 · p.1FöUDefence
Total defense obligation
Total defence duty — the design of the civil defence duty
What's at stake: How the civil defence duty is designed determines which total-defence tasks can be staffed in crisis and war and on what terms citizens can be called up, while the question of compensation and leave affects individuals' ability to combine service with work and private life.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the civil defence duty should now be activated and expanded into a broader, partly voluntary form with entitlement to compensation and leave, or whether the current dormant arrangement and ongoing planning should remain in place for now.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee wants a modern civil defence duty covering a broad range of tasks but sees no reason at present to reactivate the dormant duty in its earlier form, since preparations for activation are already under way and the government is expected to report on the planning; the committee also sees no reason to now adjust the compensation regulation or pre-empt the terms of civil defence service.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 3 (MP)
The reservation calls for supplementing military conscription with a civil defence duty in the form of a resilience service with basic and refresher training, built on voluntary participation with the option of weapons-free service, granting entitlement to leave and economic compensation equivalent to conscription, on the grounds that this broadens recruitment to civil defence and strengthens crisis preparedness and social cohesion.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 3 by MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: KDKristdemokraterna
Ja 248–14Ja 232–30
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Abstain 0/0/20/4 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 94/0/0/13 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| MP | No | No 0/14/0/4 | match | confidence: high | explicit |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: medium | explicit |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | No | Yes 63/0/0/9 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Parliament rejects the motions 2022/23:52 by Hanna Gunnarsson et al. (V) requests 3-5, 2022/23:195 by Anne-Li Sjölund (C), 2022/23:249 by Hanna Gunnarsson et al. (V) requests 1-3, 2022/23:850 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) requests 12, 14-16 and 19, 2022/23:851 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) request 14, 2022/23:948 by Sven-Olof Sällström et al. (SD) requests 11-13 and 43, 2022/23:1485 by Ingela Nylund Watz et al. (S), 2022/23:1673 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) requests 130-132 and 135 and 2022/23:2262 by Emma Berginger et al. (MP) requests 45 and 46.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:52 av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V) yrkandena 3-5, 2022/23:195 av Anne-Li Sjölund (C), 2022/23:249 av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V) yrkandena 1-3, 2022/23:850 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkandena 12, 14-16 och 19, 2022/23:851 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 14, 2022/23:948 av Sven-Olof Sällström m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 11-13 och 43, 2022/23:1485 av Ingela Nylund Watz m.fl. (S), 2022/23:1673 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkandena 130-132 och 135 samt 2022/23:2262 av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 45 och 46.
Riksdag decision: The Parliament said no to approximately 70 motions regarding personnel provision in the defense sector. The proposals deal among other things with personnel and competence provision within total defense and the rescue service, gender distribution and equality, civilian service, veterans and voluntary defense organizations. The Parliament considers that work is already ongoing in the areas that the motions address and that the far-reaching delegation in labor relations policy gives the Swedish Armed Forces significant freedom and a very far-reaching responsibility within the area.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to introduce a civilian duty in the form of resilience service as a complement to military service, with the option of unarmed service. (MP) — Reservation 3
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan wants the conscription law to continue to provide the opportunity for civil service and sees conscription as a cornerstone of democratic control of the military system.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants the conscription law to continue to provide the opportunity for civil service and sees conscription as a cornerstone of democratic control of the military system. It also emphasizes that society best handles crises when we stand together and that preparedness in civil activities must be able to scale up. A civil service in the form of a resilience service with unarmed service and reasonable compensation is therefore in line with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill att pliktlagen även i fortsättningen ger möjlighet till civil tjänstgöring och ser plikten som en grundbult i den demokratiska kontrollen av det militära systemet. Den betonar också att samhället bäst klarar kriser när vi står tillsammans och att beredskapen i civila verksamheter måste kunna växlas upp. En civilplikt i form av en resilienstjänst med vapenfri tjänst och rimlig ersättning ligger därför i linje med planen.
- civil service within conscriptiondecisive»Pliktlagen ska även i fortsättningen ge möjlighet till såväl militär som« (party programme ↗)“The conscription law shall continue to provide the option for both military and”
- democratic control of conscription»Det är av yttersta vikt att det militära systemet underställs en demokratisk kontroll.« (party programme ↗)“It is of utmost importance that the military system is subject to democratic control.”
- shared crisis preparedness»Det är när vi står tillsammans som vi bäst kan klara utmaningar och kriser.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is when we stand together that we can best handle challenges and crises.”
- civil preparedness in crises»Sverige behöver rusta upp hela vårdsektorn för att kunna klara de mer normala skiftningarna i vårdbehov men också för att kunna växla upp kapaciteten i kristider.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to strengthen the entire healthcare sector to be able to handle more normal shifts in healthcare needs but also to be able to scale up capacity in times of crisis.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto demands that the civil defence is strengthened and that crisis preparedness continues to be reinforced, within a strong people's defence with reinstituted military service.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto demands that the civil defence is strengthened and that crisis preparedness continues to be reinforced, within a strong people's defence with reinstituted military service. A civilian duty in the form of a resilience service with training, leave and compensation equivalent to military service broadens precisely the popular foundation the plan seeks. The duty's detailed design is not discussed in the documents, which is why the support is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet kräver att det civila försvaret rustas upp och att krisberedskapen fortsätter förstärkas, inom ett starkt folkförsvar med återinförd värnplikt. En civilplikt i form av en resilienstjänst med utbildning, tjänstledighet och ersättning motsvarande värnpliktens breddar just den folkliga grunden planen efterlyser. Pliktens närmare utformning behandlas inte i dokumenten, varför stödet är härlett.
- strengthened civil defencedecisive»Rusta upp det civila försvaret.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the civil defence.”
- broad people's defence»Sverige behöver bygga ett starkt folkförsvar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to build a strong people's defence.”
- strengthened crisis preparedness»Arbetet att förstärka det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen måste fortsätta, bland annat genom ökade resurser för att rusta och bygga beredskapslager för sjukvården« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Work to strengthen the civil defence and crisis preparedness must continue, among other things through increased resources to equip and build emergency stockpiles for the health service”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan explicitly wants to introduce a civilian service as a complement to military conscription to give more people the knowledge and training needed in a crisis, which is the counter-proposal's resilience service.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly wants to introduce a civilian service as a complement to military conscription to give more people the knowledge and training needed in a crisis, which is the counter-proposal's resilience service. It also wants to place a larger share of defense funds on civil defense and crisis readiness. That the service is built on voluntariness with a weapon-free option and reasonable compensation aligns with the plan's requirements for voluntariness and more robust local communities.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill uttryckligen införa en civiltjänstgöring som komplement till värnplikten för att ge fler den kunskap och träning som behövs i kris, vilket är motförslagets resilienstjänst. Den vill också lägga en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen. Att tjänsten byggs på frivillighet med vapenfri möjlighet och rimlig ersättning stämmer med planens krav på frivillighet och robustare lokalsamhällen.
- civilian service as complementdecisive»införa en civiltjänstgöring som komplement till värnplikten för att ge fler den kunskap och träning som behövs i kris.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“introduce a civilian service as a complement to military conscription to give more people the knowledge and training needed in a crisis.”
- strengthened civil defense»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“place a larger share of defense funds on civil defense, and increase appropriations for crisis readiness.”
- voluntariness as foundation»verksamheter ska bygga på frivillighet.« (party programme ↗)“activities shall be built on voluntariness.”
- more robust local communities»bli mer självförsörjande och mindre sårbara.« (party programme ↗)“become more self-sufficient and less vulnerable.”
The plan establishes that civil defence is vital and that civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis must be strengthened.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that civil defence is vital and that civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis must be strengthened. A civil obligation in the form of a voluntary resilience service with training, leave and compensation broadens recruitment to precisely that civil defence. The plan furthermore lifts the voluntary defence commitment as a strength to build on.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att det civila försvaret är livsviktigt och att civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap inför krig och kris ska rustas. En civilplikt i form av en frivillig resilienstjänst med utbildning, tjänstledighet och ersättning breddar rekryteringen till just det civila försvaret. Planen lyfter dessutom den frivilliga försvarsviljan som en styrka att bygga vidare på.
- strengthen civil defencedecisive»Även det civila försvaret är livsviktigt. Vi måste rusta civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap inför krig och kris.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Civil defence is also vital. We must strengthen civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis.”
- strengthened civil preparedness»Centerpartiet vill rusta försvaret, stärka Sveriges civila beredskap och fullfölja inträdet i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party wants to strengthen defence, strengthen Sweden's civil preparedness and complete NATO accession.”
- voluntary defence commitment»Tusentals har anmält sig till militären och frivilligorganisationer för att försvara vårt land.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Thousands have enrolled in the military and volunteer organizations to defend our country.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that civil defense be strengthened at the same pace as military defense and that more than today undergo basic training for the country's defense, while at the same time room for voluntary contributions within total defense shall increase.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that civil defense be strengthened at the same pace as military defense and that more than today undergo basic training for the country's defense, while at the same time room for voluntary contributions within total defense shall increase. A civilian duty in the form of a volunteer-based resilience service with compensation and leave follows from these commitments. However, the plan does not specify the form of the duty.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att det civila försvaret stärks i samma takt som det militära och att fler än i dag genomgår grundläggande utbildning för landets försvar, samtidigt som utrymmet för ideella insatser inom totalförsvaret ska öka. En civilplikt i form av en frivilligbaserad resilienstjänst med ersättning och tjänstledighet följer av dessa åtaganden. Planen anger dock inte pliktens form.
- civil defense at the same pacedecisive»Antalet anställda och värnpliktiga i krigsorganisationen ska öka, ny materiel tillföras och det civila försvaret stärkas i samma takt som det militära.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The number of employees and conscripts in the war organization shall increase, new equipment be supplied, and civil defense be strengthened at the same pace as military defense.”
- more in basic training»För att stärka Sveriges samlade försvarsförmåga ska fler vapenföra än i dag genomgå en grundläggande militär utbildning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“To strengthen Sweden's overall defense capability, more people than today shall undergo basic military training.”
- voluntary contributions in total defense»Utrymmet för ideella insatser i vård och omsorg, utbildning och kultur, bistånd och totalförsvar ska öka.« (party programme ↗)“The room for voluntary contributions in healthcare and care, education and culture, aid and total defense shall increase.”
- increased defense capability»Sveriges nationella försvarsförmåga måste öka.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's national defense capability must increase.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan stipulates that civil resistance and alternative defence forms shall be a complement to military defence and an opportunity for those who without weapons wish to participate in Sweden's defence, and that those who for reasons of conscience do not wish to perform military service shall be given service with civil duty.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan stipulates that civil resistance and alternative defence forms shall be a complement to military defence and an opportunity for those who without weapons wish to participate in Sweden's defence, and that those who for reasons of conscience do not wish to perform military service shall be given service with civil duty. A voluntary resilience service with a non-violent option and compensation corresponding to military service thus lies in line with the plan. Total defence shall moreover handle disasters and severe crises.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att civilmotstånd och alternativa försvarsformer ska vara ett komplement till det militära försvaret och en möjlighet för den som utan vapen vill delta i försvaret av Sverige, och att den som av samvetsskäl inte vill göra vapentjänst ska beredas tjänstgöring med civilplikt. En frivillig resilienstjänst med vapenfri möjlighet och ersättning motsvarande värnpliktens ligger därmed i planens linje. Totalförsvaret ska dessutom klara katastrofer och svåra påfrestningar.
- civilian defence forms as complementdecisive»Civilmotstånd och andra alternativa försvarsformer ska vara ett komplement till det militära försvaret« (party programme ↗)“Civil resistance and other alternative defence forms shall be a complement to military defence”
- civil duty for non-violent conscientious objectors»ska bemötas med res- pekt och beredas tjänstgöring med civilplikt.« (party programme ↗)“shall be met with respect and given service with civil duty”
- universal total defence obligation»Alla svenska medborgare ska omfattas av en total« (party programme ↗)“All Swedish citizens shall be covered by a total”
- preparedness for crises»delta i hanteringen av katastrofer och andra svåra påfrestningar i samhället« (party programme ↗)“participate in the management of disasters and other severe crises in society”
Worldstate weighed in: Finland becomes officially a NATO member — increases demands on Swedish crisis preparedness and civil defence in the neighbouring region
flags: citat_migrerat
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan establishes that military defence cannot accomplish its tasks if civil defence does not function, and commits to strengthening civil defence's personnel supply and ensuring long-term planning.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that military defence cannot accomplish its tasks if civil defence does not function, and commits to strengthening civil defence's personnel supply and ensuring long-term planning. The programme also emphasises citizens' own responsibility and preparedness. A voluntary civil service in the form of a resilience service with training, leave and compensation is a direct means for that personnel supply.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att det militära försvaret inte kan lösa sina uppgifter om det civila försvaret inte fungerar, och åtar sig att förstärka det civila försvarets personalförsörjning och säkra en långsiktig planering. Programmet lägger dessutom vikt vid medborgarnas eget ansvarstagande och beredskap. En frivillig civilplikt i form av en resilienstjänst med utbildning, tjänstledighet och ersättning är ett direkt medel för den personalförsörjningen.
- civil defence personnel supplydecisive»Förstärka det civila försvarets personalförsörjning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen civil defence's personnel supply”
- civil defence is decisive»Fungerar inte det civila försvaret så kan inte heller det militära försvaret lösa sina uppgifter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If civil defence does not function, neither can military defence accomplish its tasks.”
- long-term civil preparedness»Säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Ensure long-term planning for civil defence”
- citizens' own preparedness responsibility»Detta bygger till del på statens förmåga men även på medborgarnas ansvarstagande och egna« (party programme ↗)“This is based partly on the state's capacity but also on citizens' responsibility and their own”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants to re-establish total defense and strengthen the Home Guard and volunteer organizations as bearers of defense will and civil society's resilience, while funding for civil defense and crisis preparedness shall increase.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to re-establish total defense and strengthen the Home Guard and volunteer organizations as bearers of defense will and civil society's resilience, while funding for civil defense and crisis preparedness shall increase. A civil duty in the form of voluntary resilience service with education, leave, and compensation broadens precisely that anchoring. The plan also wants citizens to have better knowledge about how they can contribute during crises.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill återupprätta ett totalförsvar och stärka Hemvärnet och frivilligorganisationerna som bärare av försvarsvilja och civilsamhällets uthållighet, samtidigt som anslagen till civilförsvar och krisberedskap ska öka. En civilplikt i form av frivillig resilienstjänst med utbildning, tjänstledighet och ersättning breddar just den förankringen. Planen vill också att medborgarna får bättre kunskap om hur de kan bidra vid kriser.
- re-established total defensedecisive»Sverigedemokraterna vill återupprätta totalförsvaret och att Sverige ska ha förmåga att möta potentiella angripare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats want to re-establish total defense and that Sweden shall have the capacity to meet potential attackers.”
- strengthened civil defense»Anslagen till de myndigheter som har övergripande ansvar för civilförsvar, krisledning och beredskap bör öka och stödet till civilorganisationer med samhällsuppdrag ska stärkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Funding to the authorities that have overall responsibility for civil defense, crisis management, and preparedness should increase and support for civil organizations with societal duties shall be strengthened.”
- volunteering and defense will»Sverigedemokraterna vill också stärka Hemvärnet och frivilligorganisationer som utgör viktiga komponenter för försvarsviljan och civilsamhällets uthållighet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats also want to strengthen the Home Guard and volunteer organizations that constitute important components for defense will and civil society's resilience.”
- citizen preparedness»Medborgarna behöver också bättre kunskap om hur de ska agera vid olika typer av kriser, vilken beredskap som förväntas av hushållen och hur enskilda kan bidra till samhällets förmåga att möta det oväntade.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Citizens also need better knowledge about how to act during various types of crises, what preparedness is expected of households, and how individuals can contribute to society's ability to meet the unexpected.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:FöU8)
- Committee report full text (HA01FöU8)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1160 — Ökad satsning på cybersäkerhet av Per-Arne Håkansson (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1216 — Ett modernt och demokratiskt statsskick av Jessica Wetterling m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1262 — Ökat stöd för veteraner av Markus Wiechel och Björn Söder (båda SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1485 — Värnplikts- och civilpliktsutbildningar i Stockholms- och Mälardalsregionen av Ingela Nylund Watz m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1909 — Stärkt försvarsförmåga med ett ökat samarbete mellan jägare, sportskyttar och försvaret av Sten Bergheden (M)
- Motion 2022/23:195 — Civilpliktsutbildning av Anne-Li Sjölund (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2012 — Försvar och samhällets krisberedskap av Peter Hultqvist m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2262 — Stärk det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:249 — Bättre ekonomi för värnpliktiga av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:52 — Jämställdhetsarbetet i Försvarsmakten av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:55 — Trygga anställningar i Försvarsmakten av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:629 — Bristen på deltidsbrandmän i Fyrbodal och Sverige i stort av Johan Hultberg (M)
- Motion 2022/23:848 — En bättre digital säkerhet - stärkt cybersäkerhet för nutid och framtid av Niels Paarup-Petersen m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:850 — Ett mer krigsdugligt militärt försvar i hela landet av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:851 — En stärkt krisberedskap och ett stärkt civilt försvar av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:948 — Totalförsvaret av Sven-Olof Sällström m.fl. (SD)
Source: The Swedish Parliament