2024-03-062023/24:CU10 · p.2CUCivil law & housing
Liability for damages related to AI
Liability for damage caused by AI
What's at stake: The decision affects how quickly individuals and businesses harmed by AI systems gain clarity on who can be held liable and obtain compensation, at a time when AI-based services are increasingly used and can also be misused to deceive or exploit people.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether a dedicated national inquiry should be launched now to determine who is liable when AI causes harm, or whether this should await the ongoing work on AI regulation and liability at EU level.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee rejects the motion, pointing to the ongoing work on AI regulation and liability at EU level as well as a newly appointed committee tasked with contributing to the shaping of international AI rules.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (SD)
The reservation wants the government, alongside the EU-level work and the newly appointed AI commission, to commission an inquiry to determine who is liable when AI causes harm to individuals or legal persons, citing the risk that AI bots could be misused for criminal purposes or to deceive people.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by SD.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 20/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 15/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| C | No | Yes 19/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 13/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | follows the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| SD | No | No 0/61/0/11 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects motion 2023/24:497 by Rashid Farivar et al. (SD) demand 11.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motion 2023/24:497 av Rashid Farivar m.fl. (SD) yrkande 11.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected 40 proposals in motions from the general motion period in 2023. Some of the motions deal with compensation law issues, that is, issues concerning insurance and damages. Other motions deal with insolvency and enforcement law issues, that is, what shall apply to persons and companies that cannot pay their debts. Among other things, it is proposed that the question of liability for damages caused through the use of AI shall be investigated and that standard amounts in wage garnishment should be adjusted more frequently than today. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to ongoing work.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to investigate who bears responsibility when AI causes harm to individuals or legal entities. (SD) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan does not address AI or liability for damages.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address AI or liability for damages. The nearest principle is that market power has a strong grip on the internet and that the future cannot be left to the whims of market forces, and that deepened democracy requires that personal integrity and principles of the rule of law are cherished. An investigation into who bears responsibility when AI harms individuals aligns with this, but the basis is weak.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte AI eller skadeståndsansvar. Närmast liggande princip är att marknadsmakten har ett starkt grepp om internet och att framtiden inte kan överlåtas åt marknadskrafternas godtycke, samt att en fördjupad demokrati kräver att den personliga integriteten och rättsstatens principer värnas. En utredning av vem som bär ansvaret när AI skadar enskilda ligger i linje med detta, men underlaget är svagt.
- market power over the internetdecisive»Marknadsmakten har ett starkt grepp om Internet, tv och kultur.« (party programme ↗)“Market power has a strong grip on the Internet, TV and culture.”
- political control of technology»Det går inte att överlåta framtiden till marknadskrafternas godtycke, framtiden tillhör oss alla.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The future cannot be left to the whims of market forces, the future belongs to us all.”
- integrity and rule of law»En fördjupad demokrati innebär också att vi slår vakt om den personliga integriteten och fundamentala principer i en rättsstat.« (party programme ↗)“Deepened democracy also means that we protect personal integrity and fundamental principles of the rule of law.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not mention AI, but establishes that it is society's absolute duty to protect freedom and personal integrity against the technology being used for violations.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not mention AI, but establishes that it is society's absolute duty to protect freedom and personal integrity against the technology being used for violations. It also warns that commercial actors use new technology in ways that threaten integrity and demands democratic counterbalances to the market. That it is investigated who bears responsibility when AI harms individuals follows from these principles.
Original (Swedish)
Planen nämner inte AI, men slår fast att det är samhällets absoluta skyldighet att skydda friheten och den personliga integriteten mot att tekniken används för kränkningar. Den varnar också för att kommersiella aktörer använder ny teknik på sätt som hotar integriteten och kräver demokratiska motvikter till marknaden. Att utreda vem som bär ansvaret när AI skadar enskilda följer av dessa principer.
- duty to protect integritydecisive»Det är samhällets absoluta skyldighet att skydda friheten och den personliga integriteten och att förhindra att nätet används för förtal, hets mot folkgrupp, kränkningar av enskilda personer och hot om våld.« (party programme ↗)“It is society's absolute duty to protect freedom and personal integrity and to prevent the net being used for defamation, incitement to hatred, violations of private individuals and threats of violence.”
- technology's integrity risks»Den personliga integriteten hotas när kommersiella och andra aktörer använder tekniken för att kartlägga den enskildes intressen och vanor.« (party programme ↗)“Personal integrity is threatened when commercial and other actors use the technology to map the individual's interests and habits.”
- democratic counterbalances to the market»Det krävs demokratiska motvikter för att skapa de stabila spelregler som behövs för att marknaden ska fungera väl.« (party programme ↗)“There is a need for democratic counterbalances to create the stable rules needed for the market to function well.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address artificial intelligence, but it requires strong consumer protection and that all actors in the economy take ethical and social considerations with laws and rules that support this.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address artificial intelligence, but it requires strong consumer protection and that all actors in the economy take ethical and social considerations with laws and rules that support this. Investigating who bears responsibility when AI causes harm is such a rule and also protects the privacy that the plan values. The derivation is weak, so the assessment is uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen tar inte upp artificiell intelligens, men den kräver ett starkt konsumentskydd och att alla aktörer i ekonomin tar etiska och sociala hänsyn med lagar och spelregler som understöder detta. Att utreda vem som bär ansvaret när AI orsakar skada är en sådan spelregel och skyddar dessutom den integritet planen värnar. Härledningen är svag, varför bedömningen är osäker.
- strong consumer protectiondecisive»Vi vill ha ett starkt skydd för konsumenterna genom god konsumentvägledning, tydlig märkning av varor och tjänster och en relevant konsumentutbildning i skolan.« (party programme ↗)“We want strong protection for consumers through good consumer guidance, clear labeling of goods and services, and relevant consumer education in school.”
- responsibility of economic actors»Alla aktörer i ekonomin har ett ansvar att ta etiska, sociala och ekologiska hänsyn.« (party programme ↗)“All actors in the economy have a responsibility to take ethical, social and ecological considerations.”
- protection of privacy»Vi vill värna människors rätt till integritet och privatliv.« (party programme ↗)“We want to protect people's right to privacy and private life.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address AI. However, the policy platform states that the rule of law must exist even in the digital sphere and that violations are…
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address AI. However, the policy platform states that the rule of law must exist even in the digital sphere and that violations are as unacceptable on the internet as elsewhere, and the election manifesto that everyone must be able to have their case heard. Investigating who bears responsibility when AI causes harm follows from these principles, while the plan's opposition to increased internet regulation suggests the answer should be sought in liability rules rather than new bans.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte AI. Idéprogrammet slår dock fast att rättssamhället måste finnas även i den digitala sfären och att kränkningar är lika oacceptabla på internet som annars, och valmanifestet att alla ska kunna få sin sak prövad. Att utreda vem som bär ansvaret när AI orsakar skada följer av dessa principer, medan planens motstånd mot ökad internetreglering talar för att svaret ska sökas i ansvarsregler snarare än i nya förbud.
- rule of law in digital spheredecisive»Samtidigt måste rättssamhället finnas även i den digitala sfären.« (party programme ↗)“At the same time, the rule of law must exist even in the digital sphere.”
- right to have case heard»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone living in Sweden must be able to have their case heard.”
- same protection online»Hot och kränkningar är lika oacceptabla på internet som i andra sammanhang.« (party programme ↗)“Threats and violations are as unacceptable on the internet as in other contexts.”
- restraint with internet regulation»Centerpartiet motsätter sig en ökad reglering av internet.« (party programme ↗)“The Centre Party opposes increased regulation of the internet.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan says nothing about AI, but states that even private power can be abused and that laws and regulations shall guard legal certainty and competition on equal terms, and that the individual shall have extensive opportunities for insight into how private companies handle personal data.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan says nothing about AI, but states that even private power can be abused and that laws and regulations shall guard legal certainty and competition on equal terms, and that the individual shall have extensive opportunities for insight into how private companies handle personal data. Investigating who bears responsibility when AI causes harm follows from these commitments on rules against misleading or exploiting people. The position is derived and uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen säger inget om AI, men slår fast att även den privata makten kan missbrukas och att lagar och regler ska slå vakt om rättssäkerhet och konkurrens på lika villkor, samt att den enskilde ska ha vidsträckta möjligheter till insyn i hur privata företag hanterar personuppgifter. Att utreda vem som bär ansvaret när AI orsakar skada följer av dessa åtaganden om spelregler mot att människor vilseleds eller utnyttjas. Ställningstagandet är härlett och osäkert.
- private power can be abuseddecisive»Även den privata makten kan missbrukas.« (party programme ↗)“Even private power can be abused.”
- legally certain rules»slå vakt om äganderätt, konkurrens på lika villkor, rättssäkerhet« (party programme ↗)“guard ownership, competition on equal terms, legal certainty”
- insight into companies' data handling»Den enskilde ska ha vidsträckta möjligheter att få insyn i hur de egna personuppgifterna hanteras« (party programme ↗)“The individual shall have extensive opportunities to gain insight into how their own personal data is handled”
- rules adapted to new technology»skattesystemet anpassas bättre till den växande delningsekonomin« (2022 manifesto ↗)“the tax system is adapted better to the growing sharing economy”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address artificial intelligence, but establishes that technology and ethics shall not be separated and that the precautionary principle shall govern legislation on powerful new technology.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address artificial intelligence, but establishes that technology and ethics shall not be separated and that the precautionary principle shall govern legislation on powerful new technology. It also requires strong protection for personal integrity. Investigating who bears responsibility when AI causes harm follows from these principles, but the basis is general.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte artificiell intelligens, men slår fast att teknik och etik inte får separeras och att försiktighetsprincipen ska råda vid lagstiftning om kraftfull ny teknik. Den kräver också starkt skydd för den personliga integriteten. Att utreda vem som bär ansvaret när AI orsakar skada följer av dessa principer, men underlaget är allmänt.
- technology and ethics belong togetherdecisive»Teknik och etik får inte separeras.« (party programme ↗)“Technology and ethics shall not be separated.”
- caution with new technology»Utifrån förvaltarskapsprincipen måste försiktighetsprincipen vara« (party programme ↗)“On the basis of the stewardship principle, the precautionary principle must be”
- protection for personal integrity»Den personliga integriteten ska ha ett starkt« (party programme ↗)“Personal integrity shall have strong”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan does not address liability for damages from AI.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address liability for damages from AI. Its closest commitment is that EU decisions as a main rule shall be implemented at minimum level and that overimplementation and unnecessary bureaucracy shall be counteracted, while common regulatory issues belong at the EU level. A separate national investigation track alongside the EU's AI regulation therefore lies poorly in line with the plan, but the basis is weak.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte skadeståndsansvar för AI. Dess närmast liggande åtagande är att EU-beslut som huvudregel ska genomföras på miniminivå och att överimplementering och onödig byråkrati ska motverkas, samtidigt som gemensamma regelfrågor hör till EU-nivån. Ett separat nationellt utredningsspår vid sidan av EU:s AI-reglering ligger därför illa i linje med planen, men underlaget är svagt.
- EU rules at minimum leveldecisive»Minska regelkrånglet och onödig byråkrati, bland annat genom att motverka överimplementering i Sverige av EU-beslut – som huvudregel ska EU-direktiv genomföras på miniminivå« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce regulatory red tape and unnecessary bureaucracy, among other things by counteracting overimplementation in Sweden of EU decisions - as a main rule EU directives shall be implemented at minimum level”
- common rules at EU level»EU:s fokus ska ligga på att lösa problem som Sverige inte kan hantera ensamt, till exempel handel, klimat, migration och säkerhet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The EU's focus should be on solving problems that Sweden cannot handle alone, such as trade, climate, migration and security.”
- predictable rules»principer om likabehandling och förutsebarhet« (party programme ↗)“principles of equal treatment and predictability”
flags: citat_migrerat
The plan does not address AI, but it wants to strengthen individuals' position and legal opportunities in relation to digital platforms and requires transparency about how algorithms affect people.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address AI, but it wants to strengthen individuals' position and legal opportunities in relation to digital platforms and requires transparency about how algorithms affect people. The party programme's fundamental view is that everyone is responsible for the consequences of their actions. Derived from this, the plan supports clarifying the responsibility question in AI-caused damage, but the basis is weak.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte AI, men den vill stärka enskildas ställning och rättsliga möjligheter i förhållande till digitala plattformar och kräver transparens kring hur algoritmer påverkar människor. Partiprogrammets grundsyn är att var och en ansvarar för konsekvenserna av sina handlingar. Härlett ur detta stöder planen att ansvarsfrågan vid AI-orsakad skada klarläggs, men underlaget är svagt.
- strengthened user positiondecisive»Öka användarnas ställning i förhållande till sociala plattformar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase users' position in relation to social platforms”
- legal review in digital environments»Möjligheten att rättsligt pröva begränsningar som riktats mot en användare i Sverige ska kunna prövas rättsligt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The possibility to legally test restrictions that have been imposed on a user in Sweden shall be able to be tested legally.”
- algorithmic transparency»Transparensen kring hur algoritmer påverkar spridningseffekten utifrån innehåll ska öka och ska inte kunna vara avhängigt subjektiva värderiktningar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Transparency regarding how algorithms affect distribution based on content shall increase and must not be dependent on subjective value judgements.”
- responsibility for consequences»våra egna handlingar och konsekvenserna av dessa.« (party programme ↗)“our own actions and the consequences of these.”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:CU10)
- Committee report full text (HB01CU10)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:1117 — Absolut skuldpreskription av Boriana Åberg (M)
- Motion 2023/24:1621 — Utökad kontroll vid ansökan om personlig konkurs av Jonny Cato (C)
- Motion 2023/24:164 — Bättre ersättningsmöjligheter vid jaktskador av Kjell-Arne Ottosson (KD)
- Motion 2023/24:1735 — Ekonomiskt våld av Robert Hannah m.fl. (L)
- Motion 2023/24:182 — Obligatorisk hemförsäkring av Markus Wiechel (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:2376 — Skuldsanering för personer utsatta för våld i nära relation av Inga-Lill Sjöblom m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2463 — Konsumentpolitik av Alireza Akhondi m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2484 — Rättspolitik av Ulrika Liljeberg m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2638 — Konsumentpolitik av Jennie Nilsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:408 — Bilmålvakter, olagliga bosättningar och övrig insolvensrätt av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:411 — Krafttag mot överskuldsättning av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:437 — Överskuldsättning av Nadja Awad m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:497 — En tillförlitlig, konkurrenskraftig och hållbar svensk AI-politik av Rashid Farivar m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:589 — Skärpta straff för sexualbrott av Johanna Rantsi (M)
- Motion 2023/24:740 — Ersättning vid frihetsberövande av Boriana Åberg (M)
- Motion 2023/24:820 — Utbetalning av skadestånd till drabbade av Mikael Larsson (C)
Source: The Swedish Parliament