2024-05-302023/24:UU11 · p.2UUForeign affairs

National security strategy and investigation of Sweden's security policy

The need for a national security strategy and a historical inquiry into Swedish security policy 1989-2009

What's at stake: The decision affects whether Sweden's security-policy choices are brought together in a formal strategy document and whether a previously unexamined period - during which the armed forces were heavily scaled down - is systematically reviewed. It concerns how transparent and well-scrutinised Swedish security policy becomes, particularly in light of NATO membership and the war in Ukraine.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether parliament should call on the government to draw up a comprehensive national security strategy and set up a new inquiry examining Sweden's security policy between 1989 and 2009, or whether the security policy orientation already set out is sufficient without a further strategy document or inquiry.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee rejects the motions for a national security strategy and a new historical inquiry. The reason is that the committee shares the government's already stated security-policy orientation - built on NATO membership, the mutual defence guarantees, and cooperation within the EU, the Nordic region and the UN - and does not see that a separate strategy document or a new inquiry would add anything beyond this.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 5 (SD)

The reservation calls for a new security-policy inquiry to be set up covering the period 1989-2009, designed along the lines of the earlier inquiries from 1994 and 2002. The reason given is that this formative period of heavy defence cutbacks has never been examined, that the relevant experience risks being lost the longer it is delayed, and that Russia's war of aggression underscores the importance of learning from history ahead of future crises.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 5 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 19/0/0/5follows the planconfidence: lowderived
SNoYes 90/0/0/16departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
MPYesYes 14/0/0/4follows the planconfidence: lowderived
CNoAbstain 0/0/18/6departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
LNoYes 12/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
KDNoYes 15/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
MNoYes 57/0/0/11departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
SDown reservationNoNo 0/60/0/12follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:849 by Kerstin Lundgren et al. (C) proposals 4 and 5, 2022/23:1763 by Aron Emilsson et al. (SD), 2023/24:483 by Aron Emilsson et al. (SD) and 2023/24:2466 by Kerstin Lundgren et al. (C) proposal 5.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:849 av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C) yrkandena 4 och 5, 2022/23:1763 av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD), 2023/24:483 av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD) och 2023/24:2466 av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C) yrkande 5.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag voted no to approximately 60 proposals in motions about certain security policy issues from the general motion period 2023. The proposals deal with, for example, security policy direction, international operations, and disarmament. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to the fact that work is already underway within the areas that the motions address.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan says nothing about establishing historical security policy investigations.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says nothing about establishing historical security policy investigations. The closest lying principle is that the party opposes militarization and arms escalation and wants Sweden to be a voice for peace and disarmament; the counter-proposal's demand rests instead on the fact that a period of significant disarmament needs to be scrutinized as a problem ahead of rearmament. Based on the closest lying principle the plan therefore speaks against the demand, but the basis is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger ingenting om att tillsätta historiska säkerhetspolitiska utredningar. Närmast liggande princip är att partiet vänder sig emot militarisering och kapprustning och vill att Sverige är en röst för fred och nedrustning; motförslagets krav vilar tvärtom på att en period av kraftig nedrustning behöver granskas som ett problem inför upprustning. Utifrån den närmast liggande principen talar planen därför emot kravet, men underlaget är svagt.

  • against militarization and arms escalationdecisive»och deeskalering. Vi vänder oss emot militarisering och kapprustning.« (party programme ↗)“and de-escalation. We oppose militarization and arms escalation.”
  • voice for peace, not militarization»Vänsterpartiet anser att Sverige ska vara en röst för fred och rättvisa, inte för ökad militarisering.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Left Party believes that Sweden should be a voice for peace and justice, not increased militarization.”
  • disarmament as goal»Världen behöver gå mot fred, nedrustning« (party programme ↗)“The world needs to move towards peace, disarmament”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan says that the new security situation requires a restructuring of Swedish security policy and that the pace of rearmament shall increase further, but it says nothing about investigations or strategy documents.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says that the new security situation requires a restructuring of Swedish security policy and that the pace of rearmament shall increase further, but it says nothing about investigations or strategy documents. The closest underlying principle is that security policy shall be based on an independent assessment of the country's peace and independence, which speaks for examining an earlier disarmament period. The basis is weak and the conclusion uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger att det nya säkerhetsläget kräver en omläggning av svensk säkerhetspolitik och att upprustningstakten ska öka ytterligare, men den säger ingenting om utredningar eller strategidokument. Närmast liggande princip är att säkerhetspolitiken ska bygga på en egen bedömning av landets fred och självständighet, vilket talar för att en tidigare nedrustningsperiod bör granskas. Underlaget är svagt och slutsatsen osäker.

  • restructured security policydecisive»Dagens nya situation kräver en omläggning av svensk säkerhetspolitik.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Today's new situation requires a restructuring of Swedish security policy.”
  • increased rearmament pace»Takten i upprustningen ska öka ytterligare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The pace of rearmament shall increase further.”
  • independent security policy assessment»Svensk säkerhetspolitik har som syfte att bevara vårt lands fred och självständighet« (party programme ↗)“Swedish security policy aims to preserve our country's peace and independence”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan says nothing about historical investigations into security policy.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says nothing about historical investigations into security policy. The closest commitments are that Sweden should take initiatives toward international disarmament, disarm based on current threat assessments, and retain military alliance freedom. The counter-proposal's investigation, by contrast, is based on the view that the disarmament period was a mistake to learn from, which runs counter to the plan's line. The evidence is however weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger ingenting om historiska granskningsutredningar av säkerhetspolitiken. Närmast liggande åtaganden är att Sverige ska ta initiativ till internationell nedrustning, nedrusta utifrån aktuella hotbildsbedömningar och behålla den militära alliansfriheten. Motförslagets utredning bygger tvärtom på att nedrustningsperioden är ett misstag att dra lärdom av, vilket ligger på tvärs med planens linje. Underlaget är dock svagt.

  • lead in disarmamentdecisive»Sverige ska ta initiativ till internationell nedrustning och bör gå före och nedrusta« (party programme ↗)“Sweden should take initiatives toward international disarmament and should lead and disarm”
  • military alliance freedom»Samtidigt vill vi att Sverige behåller sin militära alliansfrihet för att kunna fortsätta arbeta mot kärnvapen, för nedrustning och kunna bedriva en självständig utrikespolitik där vi står upp för mänskliga rättigheter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At the same time, we want Sweden to retain its military alliance freedom in order to continue working against nuclear weapons, for disarmament, and to conduct an independent foreign policy where we stand up for human rights.”
  • civil defence prioritized»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest a larger share of defence funds in civil defence, and increase allocations for emergency preparedness.”
CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan says nothing about historical scrutiny commissions, so the position is derived from the closest-lying principles.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says nothing about historical scrutiny commissions, so the position is derived from the closest-lying principles. The manifesto wants to strengthen defence and complete NATO accession and the party programme warns against assuming disarmament and demilitarization, which makes a review of the lessons of the disarmament period logical. The requirement for increased transparency points the same way.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger ingenting om historiska granskningskommissioner, så ställningstagandet härleds ur närmast liggande principer. Manifestet vill rusta försvaret och fullfölja Natointrädet och partiprogrammet varnar för att förutsätta avspänning och demilitarisering, vilket gör en granskning av nedrustningsperiodens lärdomar följdriktig. Kravet på ökad transparens pekar åt samma håll.

  • strengthen defence and NATO membershipdecisive»Centerpartiet vill rusta försvaret, stärka Sveriges civila beredskap och fullfölja inträdet i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Center Party wants to strengthen defence, strengthen Sweden's civilian preparedness and complete NATO accession.”
  • warning against disarmament»Vi kan inte förutsätta att avspänning och demilitarisering ska prägla vår värld.« (party programme ↗)“We cannot assume that disarmament and demilitarization will characterize our world.”
  • increased openness and scrutiny»Sverige ska bli ännu mer transparent.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall become even more transparent.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan does not address historical review investigations of Swedish security policy.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address historical review investigations of Swedish security policy. The nearest principle is that the party condemns earlier disarmament as a direct mistake and simultaneously holds that scrutiny and critical debate are democracy's lifeblood, which speaks for that very period being investigated. The foundation is weak and the position therefore uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte historiska granskningsutredningar av svensk säkerhetspolitik. Närmast liggande princip är att partiet dömer ut den tidigare nedrustningen som ett direkt misstag och samtidigt håller granskning och kritisk debatt för demokratins livsluft, vilket talar för att just den perioden bör utredas. Underlaget är svagt och ställningstagandet därför osäkert.

  • criticism of earlier disarmamentdecisive»I nära åtta år ville dagens regering stoppa en stor upprustning av försvaret och den lovade att aldrig söka ett medlemskap i Nato. Den gjorde fel.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“For nearly eight years the current government wanted to stop a major military buildup and promised it would never seek NATO membership. It was wrong.”
  • scrutiny strengthens democracy»Demokratins livsluft är att fler granskar, diskuterar och pekar ut samhällets brister.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Democracy's lifeblood is that more scrutinize, discuss, and point out society's shortcomings.”
  • strengthened defense capability»Sverige behöver ett betydligt starkare militärt försvar än i dag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs significantly stronger military defense than today.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan says nothing about historical reviews or strategy documents.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says nothing about historical reviews or strategy documents. The closest principle is that security policy shall be characterized by foresight and comprehensive solutions and that political decisions shall be made according to the principle of stewardship, that is with long-term consequences in view. Reviewing a previous disarmament period is in line with this, but the basis in the plan is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger ingenting om historiska granskningar eller strategidokument. Närmast liggande princip är att säkerhetspolitiken ska präglas av förutseende och helhetslösningar och att politiska beslut ska fattas enligt förvaltarskapsprincipen, det vill säga med långsiktiga konsekvenser i sikte. Att granska en tidigare nedrustningsperiod ligger i linje med detta, men underlaget i planen är svagt.

  • foresighted security policydecisive»Sveriges säkerhetspolitik ska präglas av samarbete, förutseende och helhetslösningar« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's security policy shall be characterized by cooperation, foresight and comprehensive solutions”
  • stewardship and long-term thinking»Alla politiska beslut bör fattas i enlighet med förvaltarskapsprincipen« (party programme ↗)“All political decisions should be made in accordance with the principle of stewardship”
  • practical wisdom»en kritisk urskiljningsförmåga att avgöra vad som är rätt och fel i olika valsituationer« (party programme ↗)“a critical discernment to determine what is right and wrong in different choice situations”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan's diagnosis is that the run-down defence became insufficient in a turbulent world, and the programme emphasises that policy must learn from history and reconsider previous decisions.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's diagnosis is that the run-down defence became insufficient in a turbulent world, and the programme emphasises that policy must learn from history and reconsider previous decisions. The counter-proposal demands an investigation of precisely the period of severe cutbacks that the plan criticises. The plan does not state a position on the form of investigation, but its principles point towards the experiences being examined, so the conclusion is support.

Original (Swedish)

Planens diagnos är att det nedrustade försvaret blev otillräckligt i en orolig omvärld, och programmet betonar att politiken ska lära av historien och ompröva tidigare beslut. Motförslaget kräver en utredning av just den period av kraftig nedrustning som planen kritiserar. Planen uttalar sig inte om utredningsformen, men dess principer pekar mot att erfarenheterna bör granskas, varför slutsatsen blir stöd.

  • the cutbacks were wrongdecisive»Ett nedrustat försvar har blivit otillräckligt i en allt mer orolig« (party programme ↗)“A run-down defence has become insufficient in an increasingly turbulent”
  • review foreign policy tools»I en föränderlig omvärld finns skäl att se över Sveriges samlade utrikespolitiska verktygslåda.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“In a changing world, there is reason to review Sweden's combined foreign policy toolbox.”
  • coordinated security policy governance»Inrätta ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Establish a national security council at the Office of the Prime Minister”
  • reconsider implemented policy»beredskap för att utvärdera, ompröva, förändra och förbättra« (party programme ↗)“readiness to evaluate, reconsider, change and improve”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto's defense section is based on the dismantling of the military since the end of the 1990s being a serious mistake that has cost in capital destruction and skills loss, and that total defense must now be rebuilt.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto's defense section is based on the dismantling of the military since the end of the 1990s being a serious mistake that has cost in capital destruction and skills loss, and that total defense must now be rebuilt. An investigation examining precisely the period when downsizing occurred aligns with that assessment and with ensuring that lessons are learned. The plan does not however comment on the need for a unified strategy document.

Original (Swedish)

Valplattformens försvarsavsnitt bygger på att nedmonteringen av försvaret sedan slutet av 1990-talet var ett allvarligt misstag som kostat i kapitalförstöring och kompetenstapp, och att totalförsvaret nu måste återupprättas. En utredning som granskar just den period då nedrustningen skedde ligger i linje med den bedömningen och med att erfarenheterna ska tas till vara. Planen säger däremot inget om behovet av ett samlat strategidokument.

  • criticism of military downsizingdecisive»Sedan slutet av 90 – talet har socialistiska och borgerliga regeringar monterat ned försvaret och successivt sänkt både anslag och ambitionsnivå.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Since the end of the 90s, socialist and bourgeois governments have dismantled the military and successively cut both appropriations and ambition level.”
  • expeditionary defense's costs»Den förändrade inriktningen från totalförsvar till insatsförsvar under 2000-talets början har inneburit stora kostnader i kapitalförstöring, kompetenstapp och omställningskostnader.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The shift from total defense to expeditionary defense in the early 2000s has meant major costs in capital destruction, skills loss, and transition costs.”
  • rebuilt total defense»Återupprätta ett totalförsvar som är rustat för krig« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Rebuild a total defense that is equipped for war”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament