2024-01-242023/24:JuU12 · p.3JuUJustice
Risk and proportionality assessment
The risk and proportionality assessment for preventive presence bans
What's at stake: Unclear risk-assessment rules could make it harder for individuals to foresee when a presence ban may be issued and for authorities and courts to apply the law consistently, affecting the legal certainty of people who risk being banned.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the law's provisions on the double risk assessments and the proportionality assessment (sections 3 and 5) are clear enough as formulated in the bill, or whether the government should return with clarifications to avoid application difficulties.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee considers the clarifications already made in the explanatory comments to the bill sufficient to clarify how the provisions on risk and proportionality assessment should be applied, and therefore rejects the motion calling for the government to return with further clarifications.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 3 (C)
The reservation points out that the Council on Legislation has judged the construction with double risk assessments in section 3 to create application difficulties, and that it is unclear how the proportionality assessment in section 5 relates to them, and wants the government to promptly return with solutions to the ambiguities to avoid uncertainty for the authorities and courts applying the law.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 3 by C.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Abstain 0/0/19/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 94/0/0/13 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 15/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| C | No | No 0/20/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 12/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| SD | No | Yes 62/0/0/10 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects motion 2023/24:2795 by Ulrika Liljeberg et al. (C).
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motion 2023/24:2795 av Ulrika Liljeberg m.fl. (C).
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal for a new law on preventive residence bans. The new law means that a person can be prohibited from being in a designated area on public places, on school grounds or equivalent outdoor areas at preschools and after-school centers. This applies if the person promotes criminality there and there is a risk that firearms and explosives will be used. A person who violates a residence ban can be sentenced to imprisonment of at most one year or a fine. The changes to the law come into force on February 1, 2024.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to promptly clarify the legal framework for preventive residence bans to avoid application difficulties and uncertainty. (C) — Reservation 3
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan guards the basic principles of the rule of law and rejects special legislation lifted out of the ordinary legal frameworks.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan guards the basic principles of the rule of law and rejects special legislation lifted out of the ordinary legal frameworks. Dual, unclear risk assessments open to arbitrary application, which goes against the plan's requirements for predictability, presumption of innocence and oversight of legal application. The counter-proposal's requirement for rapid clarifications is therefore in line with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår vakt om rättsstatens grundprinciper och avvisar särlagstiftning som lyfts ut ur de ordinarie rättsramarna. Dubbla, oklara riskbedömningar öppnar för godtycklig tillämpning, vilket går emot planens krav på förutsebarhet, oskuldspresumtion och granskning av rättstillämpningen. Motförslagets krav på skyndsamma klargöranden ligger därför i linje med planen.
- ordinary legal frameworksdecisive»avvisar en särskild terroristlagstiftning och menar att våldsbrott ska« (party programme ↗)“rejects special terrorism legislation and means that crimes of violence shall”
- presumption of innocence and legal security»anses oskyldiga tills motsatsen är bevisad måste lyftas fram som« (party programme ↗)“are presumed innocent until the opposite is proven must be emphasized as”
- oversight of legal application»ska inte ha politiska befogenheter och de ska själva stå fria från politisk maktutövning. Genom medborgerlig insyn, rättshjälp, offentlig« (party programme ↗)“shall not have political powers and they shall themselves be free from political exercise of power. Through citizen oversight, legal aid, public”
- prevention before repression»Alltför ofta lyfts repression och hårdare tag upp som lösningar istället för att ta itu med problemen på allvar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“All too often repression and harder measures are put forward as solutions instead of seriously tackling the problems.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires forceful tools against gang crime but is simultaneously based on that law shall be law and that authorities apply the law objectively and uniformly.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires forceful tools against gang crime but is simultaneously based on that law shall be law and that authorities apply the law objectively and uniformly. The counter-proposal's requirement to promptly eliminate the ambiguities regarding the dual risk assessments serves both commitments: a clear law can be applied both effectively and safely. The plan does not take a position on legislative constructions, but its legal-state principle speaks for clarifying ambiguities.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver kraftfulla verktyg mot gängkriminaliteten men bygger samtidigt på att rätt ska vara rätt och att myndigheter tillämpar lagen sakligt och likformigt. Motförslagets krav på att skyndsamt undanröja otydligheterna kring de dubbla riskbedömningarna gynnar båda åtagandena: en tydlig lag kan tillämpas både effektivt och rättssäkert. Planen tar inte ställning till lagtekniska konstruktioner, men dess rättsstatliga princip talar för att otydligheter rättas till.
- objective and uniform legal applicationdecisive»beakta allas likhet inför lagen och iaktta saklighet och opartiskhet.« (party programme ↗)“consider equality before the law for all and observe objectivity and impartiality.”
- rule of law and equality before the law»Vi är lika inför lagbokens paragrafer och i våra myndigheter arbetar plikttrogna tjänstemän med hög integritet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are equal before the paragraphs of the law book and in our authorities work dutiful civil servants with high integrity.”
- uncompromising crime fighting»Kampen mot kriminaliteten ska vara kompromisslös.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The fight against crime shall be uncompromising.”
- clear reaction against crime»Samhället måste reagera tydligt mot brott och regelöverträdelser.« (party programme ↗)“Society must react clearly against crimes and rule violations.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme establishes that the party opposes laws that constitute disproportionate interference in privacy and that crime prevention shall not be done at the expense of human rights.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme establishes that the party opposes laws that constitute disproportionate interference in privacy and that crime prevention shall not be done at the expense of human rights. A construction with double risk assessments that the Legal Council considers difficult to apply, and an unclear proportionality assessment, precisely hits this legal certainty principle. The demand to quickly develop solutions so that law enforcement authorities and courts avoid ambiguities therefore aligns with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet slår fast att partiet motsätter sig lagar som innebär oproportionerliga ingrepp i integriteten och att brottsbekämpning inte får ske på bekostnad av mänskliga rättigheter. En konstruktion med dubbla riskbedömningar som Lagrådet anser svår att tillämpa, och en oklar proportionalitetsbedömning, träffar just denna rättssäkerhetsprincip. Kravet på att skyndsamt ta fram lösningar så att rättstillämpande myndigheter och domstolar slipper otydligheter ligger därför i linje med planen.
- against disproportionate interferencedecisive»alla lagar som innebär oproportionerliga ingrepp i« (party programme ↗)“all laws that constitute disproportionate interference in”
- secured legal certainty»Rättssäkerheten ska tryggas samtidigt som de« (party programme ↗)“Legal certainty shall be secured while”
- human rights first»viktigt men ska inte ske på bekostnad av mänskliga« (party programme ↗)“important but shall not be done at the expense of human”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme requires that all legislation be tested against its impact on integrity and that restrictions stand in proportion to the law's purpose, which presupposes that risk assessment rules are clear and foreseeable.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme requires that all legislation be tested against its impact on integrity and that restrictions stand in proportion to the law's purpose, which presupposes that risk assessment rules are clear and foreseeable. The election manifesto establishes that the rule of law and the individual's rights against the state shall be defended and that individuals should be able to have their case heard. The counter-proposal's demand to promptly eliminate the ambiguities in the dual risk assessments thus follows from the plan. The plan says nothing about whether the bill's legislative comment suffices.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet kräver att all lagstiftning prövas mot sin påverkan på integriteten och att inskränkningar står i proportion till lagens syfte, vilket förutsätter att riskbedömningsreglerna är tydliga och förutsebara. Valmanifestet slår fast att rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten ska försvaras och att enskilda ska kunna få sin sak prövad. Motförslagets krav på att skyndsamt undanröja otydligheterna i de dubbla riskbedömningarna följer därför av planen. Planen säger inget om huruvida propositionens lagkommentar räcker.
- integrity review of legislationweak support»All lagstiftning bör prövas mot dess påverkan på människors personliga integritet.« (party programme ↗)“All legislation should be tested against its impact on people's personal integrity.”
- proportionality in restrictionsdecisive»Det måste finnas en proportionalitet mellan lagstiftningens inskränkning av medborgarnas integritet och lagarnas syfte.« (party programme ↗)“There must be proportionality between legislation's restriction of citizens' integrity and the laws' purpose.”
- the rule of law is defended»Rättsstaten och individens rättigheter gentemot staten måste försvaras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The rule of law and the individual's rights against the state must be defended.”
- fair examination for individuals»Alla som bor i Sverige ska kunna få sin sak prövad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone living in Sweden should be able to have their case heard.”
flags: citat_svagt
The plan requires that rule of law and protection of civil freedoms and rights be strengthened and that legislation that intervenes in the individual's privacy be carefully examined.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that rule of law and protection of civil freedoms and rights be strengthened and that legislation that intervenes in the individual's privacy be carefully examined. The counter-proposal does not require residence prohibitions to be stopped, but that the ambiguity around double risk assessments and proportionality assessment be quickly removed for authorities and courts. A predictable framework for legal application aligns with the plan's requirements, even though the party in substance wants to examine residence prohibitions.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att rättssäkerheten och skyddet för de medborgerliga fri- och rättigheterna förstärks och att lagstiftning som griper in i den enskildes integritet prövas noga. Motförslaget kräver inte att vistelseförbud stoppas, utan att otydligheten kring dubbla riskbedömningar och proportionalitetsbedömningen skyndsamt undanröjs för myndigheter och domstolar. Ett förutsebart regelverk för rättstillämpningen ligger i linje med planens krav, även om partiet i sak vill pröva vistelseförbud.
- strengthened rule of lawdecisive»Rättssäkerheten och skyddet för de medborgerliga fri- och rättigheterna behöver förstärkas.« (party programme ↗)“Rule of law and protection of civil freedoms and rights need to be strengthened.”
- privacy assessment of legislative proposals»Alla nya lagförslag ska analyseras ur integritetssynpunkt.« (party programme ↗)“All new legislative proposals shall be analysed from a privacy perspective.”
- rights review of laws»öka domstolarnas oberoende och verka för en författningsdomstol som ska kunna häva lagar eller bestämmelser som strider mot grundlagsskyddade fri- och rättigheter« (2022 manifesto ↗)“increase the independence of courts and work for a constitutional court that shall be able to overturn laws or provisions that violate constitutionally protected freedoms and rights”
- residence prohibitions shall be examined»pröva möjligheten att införa vistelseförbud för dömda kriminella i utsatta områden« (2022 manifesto ↗)“examine the possibility of introducing residence prohibitions for convicted criminals in disadvantaged areas”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that reactions to crime rest on humane and clear legislation and that courts can handle cases with legal certainty.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that reactions to crime rest on humane and clear legislation and that courts can handle cases with legal certainty. The counter-proposal does not demand that the measure be abolished, but that the ambiguity the Legal Council has pointed out regarding double risk assessments be removed quickly. A demand for clarified rules for law-enforcement authorities thus lies in line with the plan's commitment to clarity and legal certainty.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att reaktionerna på brott vilar på en human och tydlig lagstiftning och att domstolar kan handlägga mål rättssäkert. Motförslaget kräver inte att åtgärden avskaffas, utan att den otydlighet Lagrådet pekat på kring dubbla riskbedömningar undanröjs skyndsamt. Ett krav på klargjorda regler för rättstillämpande myndigheter ligger därmed i linje med planens åtagande om tydlighet och rättssäkerhet.
- clear and predictable criminal lawdecisive»förankrade i en human och tydlig lagstiftning« (party programme ↗)“anchored in humane and clear legislation”
- legally certain handling»rättssäkert och effektivt sätt« (party programme ↗)“with legal certainty and effective manner”
- strong independent courts»Domstolarna ska stå fria och oberoende från« (party programme ↗)“The courts shall remain free and independent from”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires a legal system characterized by legal certainty and that all exercise of public authority is governed by law and predictable.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires a legal system characterized by legal certainty and that all exercise of public authority is governed by law and predictable. A requirement to promptly clear up ambiguities about double risk assessments is in line with this, because courts and agencies must be able to apply the rules predictably. The plan, however, says nothing about legislative construction, so the support is derived from the principles and not from an explicit commitment.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver ett rättsväsende präglat av rättssäkerhet och att all offentlig maktutövning är lagstyrd och förutsebar. Ett krav på att skyndsamt undanröja otydligheter kring dubbla riskbedömningar ligger i linje med detta, eftersom domstolar och myndigheter måste kunna tillämpa reglerna förutsebart. Planen säger däremot inget om lagteknisk konstruktion, så stödet härleds ur principerna och inte ur ett uttryckligt åtagande.
- legally certain legal systemdecisive»Sverige ska ha ett rättsväsende präglat av rättssäkerhet« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall have a legal system characterized by legal certainty”
- rule-of-law-based predictable exercise of power»All offentlig maktutövning ska vara lagstyrd och vägledas av« (party programme ↗)“All exercise of public authority shall be governed by law and guided by”
- courts' legally certain judgment»domstolsväsende som har förmågan att döma rättssäkert.« (party programme ↗)“court system that has the ability to judge with legal certainty.”
- powerful tools against gangs»Införa visitationszoner så att Polisen får bättre möjligheter att leta efter vapen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce stop-and-search zones so that the Police get better opportunities to search for weapons”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wishes to strengthen the Lagråd's position and demands that procedural obstacles to increased prosecution be removed.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wishes to strengthen the Lagråd's position and demands that procedural obstacles to increased prosecution be removed. A legislative construction that the Lagråd assesses as difficult to apply undermines precisely the tool the plan seeks against gang crime. The counter-proposal does not limit the residence ban in substance but demands that obscurities for authorities and courts be corrected urgently, which aligns with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill stärka Lagrådets ställning och kräver att processuella hinder för ökad lagföring undanröjs. En lagkonstruktion som Lagrådet bedömer svår att tillämpa motverkar just det verktyg planen efterfrågar mot gängbrottslighet. Motförslaget begränsar inte vistelseförbudet i sak utan kräver att otydligheterna för myndigheter och domstolar rättas skyndsamt, vilket ligger i linje med planen.
- strengthened Lagråd reviewdecisive»Lagrådets ställning bör stärkas genom att utreda möjligheten att fordra kvalificerad majoritet i riksdagen vid antaganden av lagförslag om vilka Lagrådet riktat kritik.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Lagråd's position should be strengthened by investigating the possibility of requiring a qualified majority in the Riksdag when adopting legislative proposals on which the Lagråd has directed criticism.”
- removed procedural obstacles»Processuella hinder för att möjliggöra en ökad lagföring måste också undanröjas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Procedural obstacles to enabling increased prosecution must also be removed.”
- effective tools against gang crime»Framförallt behöver rättsväsendet få mer effektiva verktyg för att bekämpa gängbrott.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Above all, the justice system must be given more effective tools to combat gang crime.”
- independent courts»Stärka domstolarnas oberoende« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the independence of courts”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:JuU12)
- Committee report full text (HB01JuU12)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:2640 — Utgiftsområde 4 Rättsväsendet av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2792 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:57 Preventiva vistelseförbud av Gudrun Nordborg m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:2793 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:57 Preventiva vistelseförbud av Rasmus Ling m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2023/24:2794 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:57 Preventiva vistelseförbud av Ardalan Shekarabi m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2795 — med anledning av prop. 2023/24:57 Preventiva vistelseförbud av Ulrika Liljeberg m.fl. (C)
- Proposition 2023/24:57 — Preventiva vistelseförbud
Source: The Swedish Parliament