2023-05-102022/23:KU26 · p.9KUConstitution
Discrimination
Constitutional protection against discrimination based on political opinion in employment
What's at stake: The question concerns whether people in Sweden have explicit constitutional protection against being disadvantaged in hiring because of their political opinions or party involvement — protection already found in the European Convention but, according to the reservation, missing explicitly from the Instrument of Government.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The vote concerns whether the Instrument of Government should now be amended to explicitly prohibit improper differential treatment on grounds of political opinion in employment within public, municipal and regional activities, or whether the committee should take no such initiative.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee sees no reason to take any initiative on the motions calling for an inquiry into, and amendment of, the Instrument of Government on discrimination, and it rejects them.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 6 (SD)
The reservation points out that the European Convention explicitly bans political discrimination in the exercise of public authority and in hiring for public posts, but that the Instrument of Government lacks an equivalent explicit ban on discrimination on political grounds in employment. It argues that it has no place in a democratic society for someone to be passed over for a job because of 'wrong' opinions or party involvement, and therefore wants a clear such ban written into the Instrument of Government for employment within public, municipal and regional activities. Alongside this, it also wants an addition stating that no one may be discriminated against for considering themselves Swedish.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 6 by SD.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: KDKristdemokraterna
Ja 217–64Ja 202–79
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | Yes | Yes 21/0/0/3 | match | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | Yes | Yes 94/0/0/13 | match | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 14/0/0/4 | differs | confidence: low | not addressed |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | differs | confidence: low | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 13/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: low | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 15/0/0/4 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | No | No 0/63/0/9 | match | confidence: medium | derived |
Committee proposal
Parliament rejects the motions 2022/23:963 by Matheus Enholm et al. (SD) point 2, 2022/23:1001 by Matheus Enholm et al. (SD) points 3 and 4, and 2022/23:1881 by Malin Björk et al. (C) point 3.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:963 av Matheus Enholm m.fl. (SD) yrkande 2, 2022/23:1001 av Matheus Enholm m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 3 och 4 samt 2022/23:1881 av Malin Björk m.fl. (C) yrkande 3.
Riksdag decision: Parliament rejected approximately 40 proposals concerning human rights and freedoms. The motions address, among other things, constitutional protection of the right to abortion, protection of property rights, legal gender, and preventive measures against radicalization. The proposals were submitted during the general motion period 2022. Parliament rejects the motions, referring in part to the government's announcement that investigations shall be appointed.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to prohibit the veil for children and staff in preschool, primary school, and public activities. (SD) — Reservation 6
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The party programme's enumeration of prohibited discrimination grounds is based on sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, skin colour, religion and ethnic origin — political opinion is not included, and the constitution should otherwise be politically neutral.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme's enumeration of prohibited discrimination grounds is based on sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, skin colour, religion and ethnic origin — political opinion is not included, and the constitution should otherwise be politically neutral. The counter-proposal also wants to introduce protection for those who regard themselves as Swedish, which rests on precisely the nationalist conception of a homogeneous people that the plan explicitly rejects. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's constitutional amendments.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammets uppräkning av otillåtna diskrimineringsgrunder utgår från kön, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning, könsidentitet, ålder, hudfärg, religion och etnisk bakgrund — politisk åskådning ingår inte, och författningen ska i övrigt vara politiskt neutral. Motförslaget vill dessutom föra in ett skydd för den som betraktar sig som svensk, vilket vilar på just den nationalistiska föreställning om ett homogent folk som planen uttryckligen avvisar. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets grundlagsändringar.
- enumerated discrimination groundsdecisive»kön, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning eller könsidentitet, ålder,« (party programme ↗)“sex, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, age,”
- nationalism is rejected»Nationalismen har ingen plats i en demokratisk« (party programme ↗)“Nationalism has no place in a democratic”
- the myth of a homogeneous people»ett homogent folk och utestängandet och underordnandet av de andra« (party programme ↗)“a homogeneous people and the exclusion and subordination of the others”
- politically neutral constitution»medan författningen i övrigt ska vara politiskt neutral« (party programme ↗)“whereas the constitution should otherwise be politically neutral”
The plan's equality work is directed at the power structures built on class, gender, ethnicity, functional ability and sexual orientation; political opinion is not among the grounds the plan wants to regulate in the constitution.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's equality work is directed at the power structures built on class, gender, ethnicity, functional ability and sexual orientation; political opinion is not among the grounds the plan wants to regulate in the constitution. The party programme explicitly rejects the view that class issues are made into ethnic problems, which argues against an amendment that no one shall be discriminated against because they consider themselves Swedish. The plan is content with the requirement that authorities observe fairness and impartiality, and therefore gives no support for the counter-proposal's constitutional amendment.
Original (Swedish)
Planens jämlikhetsarbete riktas mot de maktstrukturer som bygger på klass, kön, etnicitet, funktionsförmåga och sexuell läggning; politisk åskådning ingår inte bland de grunder planen vill grundlagsreglera. Partiprogrammet avvisar uttryckligen synsättet att klassfrågor görs till etniska problem, vilket talar mot ett tillägg om att ingen får diskrimineras för att denne betraktar sig som svensk. Planen nöjer sig med kravet att myndigheter iakttar saklighet och opartiskhet, och ger därför inget stöd för motförslagets grundlagsändring.
- rejects ethnicization of classdecisive»att fattiga grupper och platser, och därmed klasstrukturer, felaktigt görs till etniska problem« (party programme ↗)“that poor groups and places, and thus class structures, incorrectly are made into ethnic problems”
- plan's grounds for discrimination»Klass, kön, etnicitet samt könsidentitet och sexuell läggning är några av de« (party programme ↗)“Class, gender, ethnicity and gender identity and sexual orientation are some of the”
- authorities' impartiality»beakta allas likhet inför lagen och iaktta saklighet och opartiskhet.« (party programme ↗)“respect everyone's equality before the law and observe fairness and impartiality.”
- equal value of all people»Socialdemokraterna kommer aldrig att medverka till att ge makt åt Sverigedemokraterna, ett parti som inte står upp för alla människors lika värde och rätt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Social Democrats will never participate in giving power to the Sweden Democrats, a party that does not stand up for the equal value and rights of all people.”
The party programme establishes that all forms of discrimination shall be opposed, that freedom of expression is a foundation and that no improper treatment based on political opinions is permitted.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme establishes that all forms of discrimination shall be opposed, that freedom of expression is a foundation and that no improper treatment based on political opinions is permitted. The counter-proposal's requirement for an explicit prohibition of discrimination on political grounds in public employment is in line with this, and the election manifesto wants to strengthen discrimination legislation. The plan however says nothing about the design of the constitution, so the conclusion is derived and uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet slår fast att alla former av diskriminering ska motverkas, att åsiktsfrihet är en grundpelare och att ingen otillbörlig behandling baserad på politiska åsikter får förekomma. Motförslagets krav på ett uttryckligt förbud mot diskriminering på politisk grund vid offentliga anställningar ligger i linje med detta, och valmanifestet vill stärka diskrimineringslagstiftningen. Planen säger dock inget om regeringsformens utformning, varför slutsatsen är härledd och osäker.
- all discrimination shall be opposeddecisive»Alla former av diskriminering ska motverkas.« (party programme ↗)“All forms of discrimination shall be opposed.”
- no interference for political opinions»Ingen otillbörlig registrering eller övervakning baserad på politiska åsikter eller demokratisk verksamhet får förekomma.« (party programme ↗)“No improper registration or surveillance based on political opinions or democratic activity is permitted.”
- freedom of opinion»Vi är övertygade om att yttrandefrihet, åsiktsfrihet och deltagande demokrati gör samhället bättre.« (party programme ↗)“We are convinced that freedom of expression, freedom of opinion and participatory democracy make society better.”
- strengthened discrimination legislation»stärka lagstiftningen mot diskriminering och se över rätten till rättshjälp i diskrimineringsfall.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strengthen legislation against discrimination and review the right to legal aid in discrimination cases.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants to strengthen the non-discrimination rule and do more against discrimination, and states that democracy requires respect for people's different views, including political positions.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to strengthen the non-discrimination rule and do more against discrimination, and states that democracy requires respect for people's different views, including political positions. That no one shall be denied public employment for their party engagement follows from this. The plan however points out other grounds for discrimination than political ideology and says nothing about the addition about considering oneself Swedish, why the support is uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill stärka diskrimineringsförbudet och göra mer mot diskriminering, och slår fast att demokratin förutsätter respekt för människors olika åsikter, inklusive politiska ståndpunkter. Att ingen ska nekas offentlig anställning för sitt partiengagemang följer av detta. Planen pekar dock ut andra diskrimineringsgrunder än politisk åskådning och säger inget om tillägget om att betrakta sig som svensk, varför stödet är osäkert.
- strengthened non-discrimination ruledecisive»Vi vill stärka bland annat äganderätten, diskrimineringsförbudet, minoritetsskyddet och minoritetsspråkens ställning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to strengthen, among other things, property rights, the non-discrimination rule, minority protection and the status of minority languages”
- respect for political views»allmän acceptans och respekt för människors olika åsikter, oavsett om det handlar om politiska ståndpunkter,« (party programme ↗)“general acceptance and respect for people's different views, regardless of whether it concerns political positions,”
- more against discrimination»Mer måste göras mot diskriminering. Vi vill stärka myndigheternas arbete mot diskriminering och höja ersättningen till dem som utsatts, samt lägga till kön och funktionsnedsättning som hatbrottsgrunder.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More must be done against discrimination. We want to strengthen the authorities' work against discrimination and raise compensation for those who have been subjected, and add gender and functional impairment as hate crime grounds.”
- individual's own identity»Varje individ har rätt att skapa sin egen identitet.« (party programme ↗)“Every individual has the right to create their own identity.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan makes freedom of opinion a prerequisite for liberal society and requires targeted work against discrimination especially on the labour market, while wanting to strengthen constitutional protection for individual freedoms and rights.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan makes freedom of opinion a prerequisite for liberal society and requires targeted work against discrimination especially on the labour market, while wanting to strengthen constitutional protection for individual freedoms and rights. An explicit prohibition in the constitution against anyone being sorted out of public employment for their opinions or party affiliation follows from these principles. The plan's own tool is however a modernised anti-discrimination law, and it does not mention political grounds as a discrimination ground.
Original (Swedish)
Planen gör åsiktsfriheten till en förutsättning för det liberala samhället och kräver målmedvetet arbete mot diskriminering på just arbetsmarknaden, samtidigt som den vill förstärka grundlagsskyddet för de individuella fri- och rättigheterna. Ett uttryckligt förbud i regeringsformen mot att någon sorteras bort från offentlig anställning för sina åsikter eller sitt partiengagemang följer av dessa principer. Planens eget verktyg är dock en moderniserad diskrimineringslag, och den nämner inte politisk grund som diskrimineringsgrund.
- freedom of opiniondecisive»Varje människa har rätt att fritt och öppet uttrycka sin åsikt,« (party programme ↗)“Every person has the right to freely and openly express their opinion,”
- prevent discrimination in working life»målmedvetet arbete för att motverka diskriminering inom samhällsområden såsom arbetsmarknad, utbildning« (party programme ↗)“targeted work to prevent discrimination in society areas such as labour market, education”
- strengthened constitutional protection»Vi vill se ett förstärkt grundlagsskydd för vårt demokratiska statsskick, öka domstolarnas oberoende och verka för en författningsdomstol som ska kunna häva lagar eller bestämmelser som strider mot grundlagsskyddade fri- och rättigheter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to see strengthened constitutional protection for our democratic system, increase the independence of courts and work for a constitutional court that shall be able to strike down laws or provisions that contradict constitutional-protected freedoms and rights.”
- modernised anti-discrimination law»Vi vill modernisera diskrimineringslagen, prioritera polisens hatbrottsverksamhet och säkerställa att alla skolor står upp för alla människors lika värde.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to modernise the anti-discrimination law, prioritise police hate crime work and ensure that all schools stand up for the equal value of all people.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan explicitly requires that the Basic Law ensures that no one is discriminated against on grounds of political or other conviction, which is precisely the prohibition the counter-proposal wants to introduce into the Constitution.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly requires that the Basic Law ensures that no one is discriminated against on grounds of political or other conviction, which is precisely the prohibition the counter-proposal wants to introduce into the Constitution. The Basic Law should according to the plan ensure and protect individuals' rights, where freedom of opinion is listed as one of the foremost. The plan moreover requires well-functioning laws against all discrimination in working life, which covers the employment situation.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver uttryckligen att grundlagen säkerställer att ingen diskrimineras på grund av politisk eller annan åskådning, vilket är precis det förbud motförslaget vill föra in i regeringsformen. Grundlagen ska enligt planen säkerställa och skydda de enskildas rättigheter, där åsiktsfriheten räknas upp som en av de främsta. Planen kräver dessutom väl fungerande lagar mot all diskriminering i arbetslivet, vilket täcker anställningssituationen.
- constitutional protection against discriminationdecisive»på grund av kön, ålder, funktionsvariationer, etniskt ursprung, religion, sexuell identitet, politisk eller« (party programme ↗)“on grounds of gender, age, disability, ethnic origin, religion, sexual identity, political or”
- the law protects rights»Grundlagen ska säkerställa de rättigheter som alltid« (party programme ↗)“The Basic Law should ensure the rights that always”
- freedom of opinion as a right»åsiktsfrihet, religionsfrihet, yttrandefrihet, tryckfrihet, mötesfrihet, föreningsfrihet, demonstrationsfrihet« (party programme ↗)“freedom of opinion, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, press freedom, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of demonstration”
- non-discrimination protection in working life»Väl fungerande lagar mot all diskriminering i arbetslivet ska finnas.« (party programme ↗)“Well-functioning laws against all discrimination in working life shall exist.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The party programme requires that all public exercise of power is guided by equal treatment and that power is not exercised in a way that discriminates, and that freedom of expression applies even to opinions that provoke.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme requires that all public exercise of power is guided by equal treatment and that power is not exercised in a way that discriminates, and that freedom of expression applies even to opinions that provoke. Someone being excluded from public employment for their opinions or political engagement contradicts both. The plan also wants a clear rights catalogue in the Constitution that provides practical protection against the public sector, which is the counter-proposal's mechanism. The addition about someone who considers themselves Swedish is not addressed by the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Idéprogrammet kräver att all offentlig maktutövning vägleds av likabehandling och att makt inte får utövas på ett sätt som diskriminerar, och att yttrandefriheten gäller även för åsikter som provocerar. Att någon utestängs från offentlig anställning för sina åsikter eller sitt partiengagemang strider mot båda. Planen vill dessutom ha en tydlig rättighetskatalog i grundlagen som ger ett praktiskt skydd mot det offentliga, vilket är motförslagets mekanism. Tillägget om den som betraktar sig som svensk berörs inte av planen.
- non-discriminatory exercise of powerdecisive»utövas godtyckligt, eller på ett sätt som diskriminerar« (party programme ↗)“is exercised arbitrarily, or in a way that discriminates”
- freedom of opinion is protected»Yttrandefriheten gäller även för åsikter som provocerar och« (party programme ↗)“Freedom of expression applies even to opinions that provoke and”
- rights in the Constitution»Vår svenska grundlag ska ha en tydlig katalog av fri- och rättigheter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our Swedish Constitution should have a clear catalogue of freedoms and rights.”
- effective protection against authorities»Vi måste se till att det inte bara är vackra ord, utan att grundlagen också ger ett praktiskt och effektivt skydd för enskilda människor i relation till exempelvis en kommun eller en statlig myndighet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We must ensure that it is not just fine words, but that the Constitution also provides practical and effective protection for individual people in relation to, for example, a municipality or a state authority.”
flags: tillagget_om_svenskhet_ej_tackt_av_planen
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wishes to strengthen constitutional rights protection and value every citizen's right to express themselves freely without facing reprisals.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wishes to strengthen constitutional rights protection and value every citizen's right to express themselves freely without facing reprisals. An explicit prohibition in the constitutional act against discrimination on political grounds in public employment is an application of that commitment, as is the principle that citizens shall be equal before the law. The addition regarding those who consider themselves Swedish connects to the plan's view of national identity.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill förstärka grundlagens rättighetsskydd och värna varje medborgares rätt att uttrycka sig fritt utan att utsättas för repressalier. Ett uttryckligt förbud i regeringsformen mot diskriminering på politisk grund vid offentliga anställningar är en tillämpning av det åtagandet, liksom principen att medborgare ska vara lika inför lagen. Tillägget om den som betraktar sig som svensk ansluter till planens syn på nationell identitet.
- strengthened constitutional protectiondecisive»Förstärka grundlagens rättighetsskydd vad gäller yttrandefrihet, äganderätt och frihet från religion« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen constitutional rights protection regarding freedom of expression, property rights and freedom from religion.”
- free expression without reprisals»Varje journalists, konstutövares och medborgares rätt att uttrycka sig fritt utan att utsättas för hot eller repressalier ska värnas och stärkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Every journalist's, artist's and citizen's right to express themselves freely without facing threats or reprisals shall be valued and strengthened.”
- equality before the law»Att medborgare skall vara lika inför lagen« (party programme ↗)“That citizens shall be equal before the law.”
- protect Swedish identity»Skapa sammanhållning kring den svenska kulturen och den nationella identiteten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create cohesion around Swedish culture and national identity.”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:KU26)
- Committee report full text (HA01KU26)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1001 — Grundlag av Matheus Enholm m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1023 — En förskola i världsklass av Patrick Reslow m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1095 — Flickors frihet i Sverige av Alexandra Anstrell m.fl. (M)
- Motion 2022/23:1131 — Slöjförbud i den svenska för- och grundskolan av Richard Jomshof (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1234 — En hälso- och sjukvård för jämlikhet och jämställdhet i hela landet av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1533 — Nationellt förbud mot böneutrop från religiösa byggnader av Hans Eklind (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1695 — Slöjor på flickor av Robert Hannah och Juno Blom (båda L)
- Motion 2022/23:181 — Stärk demokratin och de mänskliga rättigheterna av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:1811 — Bekämpning av terrorism av Christian Carlsson (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1813 — Stopp för offentliga böneutrop av Christian Carlsson (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1881 — Konstitutionella frågor av Malin Björk m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1882 — En starkare liberal demokrati av Malin Björk m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2061 — Utgiftsområde 9 Hälsovård, sjukvård och social omsorg av Fredrik Lundh Sammeli m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2153 — Religionsfrihet på riktigt av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:2166 — Utgiftsområde 1 Rikets styrelse av Ida Karkiainen m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2271 — Vårda och bevara Sveriges kristna kulturarv av Julia Kronlid m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:2277 — Jämställdhetspolitik av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:379 — Ett tredje juridiskt kön av Anna Wallentheim (S)
- Motion 2022/23:514 — Utvisning vid grovt blåljussabotage av Markus Wiechel och Alexander Christiansson (båda SD)
Source: The Swedish Parliament