2023-05-242022/23:SkU12 · p.13SkUTaxation
Other taxes
Loss carry-back and investor tax deduction for companies
What's at stake: At stake is whether Swedish companies that make a loss should be able to reclaim previously paid tax (carry-back), in line with systems used in several other countries, and whether more types of legal entities should be able to use the investor deduction to increase access to risk capital for smaller firms.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The reservation wanted to explore a carry-back system for offsetting losses and an expanded investor deduction to strengthen firms' competitiveness, while the committee held that tax-allocation reserves already serve the same purpose and saw no reason to change the investor deduction.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee rejects the motions, noting that the tax-allocation reserve rules already allow a form of backward loss offsetting, and therefore sees no reason to investigate a separate carry-back system or change the investor deduction.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 17 (SD)
The reserving party (SD) wants an inquiry into a carry-back system that would let companies offset a loss against previous years' profits and reclaim tax already paid, similar to systems in the US, UK and Canada among others, and wants to further develop the investor deduction to channel more risk capital to smaller companies.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 17 by SD.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | Yes | Yes 18/0/0/6 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | Yes | Yes 92/1/0/14 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 13/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| L | No | Yes 11/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 14/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | No | Yes 59/0/0/9 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | No | No 0/63/0/9 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
Broke with the party line
| SJamal El-Haj (S, Malmö kommun) | No — party line: Yes |
MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.
Committee proposal
Parliament rejects the motions 2022/23:929 by Tobias Andersson et al. (SD), 2022/23:938 by Tobias Andersson et al. (SD) motions 7 and 8, and 2022/23:2190 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) motions 47 and 54.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:929 av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD), 2022/23:938 av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 7 och 8 samt 2022/23:2190 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkandena 47 och 54.
Riksdag decision: Parliament directed a formal request, a so-called tillkännagivande (formal request), to the government to clarify the law on investment savings accounts. An investment savings account is a savings form that is taxed using a standard rate, which means the tax is not based on actual returns but on an annual tax calculated on the value of the assets in the account. Parliament believes that there are currently limited opportunities for savers to transfer shares acquired in connection with an initial public offering or new share issue directly to an investment savings account. Under current regulations, one must have one's investment savings account with the financial institution handling the initial public offering in order to transfer one's shares directly. If one has one's investment savings account elsewhere, the shares must go through a custody account or securities account to reach the investment savings account. In such a transfer, the shares are thereby considered to be disposed of for tax purposes—that is, sold—and any capital gain must be reported and any capital loss deducted. The clarification means that holders of investment savings accounts shall be treated equally and thereby be able to participate in more new share issues. The formal request came in connection with Parliament's treatment of motions submitted during the general motion period of 2022. Parliament rejected other motions on business, capital and property. Parliament considers that work is already underway in the areas covered by the motions.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to review and improve social housing taxation to support economically vulnerable groups and rural populations. (SD) — Reservation 17
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan's tax line is that capital and the largest fortunes shall be taxed harder and that welfare needs increased, not decreased, tax revenue.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's tax line is that capital and the largest fortunes shall be taxed harder and that welfare needs increased, not decreased, tax revenue. The counter-proposal instead wants companies to recover already-paid tax through backward loss offset and expand the relief that directs risk capital to smaller companies. Such targeted tax relief to capital owners goes against the plan's redistribution policy commitment.
Original (Swedish)
Planens skattelinje är att kapital och de största förmögenheterna ska beskattas hårdare och att välfärden behöver ökat, inte minskat, skatteuttag. Motförslaget vill i stället låta företag återfå redan betald skatt genom förlustutjämning bakåt och bygga ut avdraget som styr riskkapital till mindre företag. Sådana riktade skattelättnader till kapitalägare går emot planens fördelningspolitiska åtagande.
- raised capital taxationdecisive»innebär en ökad beskattning av kapital och högre skatt på de högsta« (party programme ↗)“involves increased taxation of capital and higher tax on the highest”
- capital contributes more»Vänsterpartiet har en skattepolitik som ser till vilka behov som finns och där de med stora kapitaltillgångar eller höga löner får bidra mer till välfärden än de gör idag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party has a tax policy that looks at what needs there are and where those with large capital assets or high incomes contribute more to welfare than they do today.”
- increased tax revenue for welfare»är det genom en gradvis ökad beskattning som« (party programme ↗)“it is through gradually increased taxation that”
- harder taxation of financial capital»Vi vill beskatta finanssektorn« (party programme ↗)“We want to tax the financial sector”
The plan's tax principles are broad tax bases, uniform taxation and that the tax system's most important task is to finance welfare.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's tax principles are broad tax bases, uniform taxation and that the tax system's most important task is to finance welfare. A new system for offsetting losses against previous years' profits and recovering paid tax, plus an expanded investment deduction, means new exceptions and reduced revenue of the kind the plan does not prioritize. The plan wants to stimulate new business, but does not identify tax relief of this kind as the way. The plan therefore speaks weakly against the demand.
Original (Swedish)
Planens skatteprinciper är breda skattebaser, likformig beskattning och att skattesystemets viktigaste uppgift är att finansiera välfärden. Ett nytt system för att kvitta förluster mot tidigare års vinster och återfå betald skatt, plus ett utvidgat investeraravdrag, innebär nya undantag och minskade intäkter av just det slag planen inte prioriterar. Planen vill stimulera nyföretagande, men anger inte skattelättnader av detta slag som vägen. Planen talar därför svagt mot kravet.
- broad tax bases, few exceptionsdecisive»breda skattebaser och att alla förvärvsinkomster och ersättningar« (party programme ↗)“broad tax bases and that all earned income and compensation”
- tax finances welfare»Skattesystemets viktigaste uppgift är att finansiera vår välfärd och nödvändiga« (party programme ↗)“The tax system's most important task is to finance our welfare and necessary”
- stimulate enterprise»entreprenörskap och kooperativ och social företagsamhet ska stimuleras.« (party programme ↗)“entrepreneurship and cooperatives and social entrepreneurship should be stimulated.”
The plan wants to strengthen smaller businesses' capital supply in the early stage and emphasises that local ownership requires access to capital, which both loss carry-back and a developed investment deduction aim to achieve.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to strengthen smaller businesses' capital supply in the early stage and emphasises that local ownership requires access to capital, which both loss carry-back and a developed investment deduction aim to achieve. The plan does not take a position on these specific tax solutions, so the support is derived from business policy.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill stärka mindre företags kapitalförsörjning i tidigt skede och betonar att lokalt ägande kräver tillgång till kapital, vilket både förlustutjämning bakåt och ett utvecklat investeraravdrag syftar till. Planen tar inte ställning till just dessa skattetekniska lösningar, så stödet härleds ur företagarpolitiken.
- capital supply to small businessesdecisive»kapitalförsörjning i tidigt skede i företagandet är« (party programme ↗)“capital supply in the early stage of business is”
- access to capital locally»Vi ser positivt på lokalt ägande varför det måste« (party programme ↗)“We view local ownership positively, which is why it must”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto explicitly wants the investor deduction to be broadened and deepened because capital provision is crucial for small businesses, which is precisely what the counter-proposal requires.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto explicitly wants the investor deduction to be broadened and deepened because capital provision is crucial for small businesses, which is precisely what the counter-proposal requires. The requirement to be able to offset losses against previous years' profits is in line with the commitment to lower taxes on jobs and business and make the tax burden on job creation as small as possible. The plan therefore supports the counter-proposal.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet vill uttryckligen att investeraravdraget breddas och fördjupas eftersom kapitalförsörjningen är avgörande för småföretagen, vilket är precis vad motförslaget kräver. Kravet på att kunna kvitta förluster mot tidigare års vinster ligger i linje med åtagandet att sänka skatten på jobb och företagande och göra skattebördan på jobbskapande så liten som möjligt. Planen stöder därför motförslaget.
- broadened investor deductiondecisive»Kapitalförsörjning är avgörande för många småföretag. Vi vill att det statliga riskkapitalet blir mer effektivt och att investeraravdraget breddas och fördjupas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Capital provision is crucial for many small businesses. We want state risk capital to become more effective and the investor deduction to be broadened and deepened.”
- lower taxes on business»Sänk skatten på jobb och företagande, särskilt för småföretag och egenföretagare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Lower taxes on jobs and business, especially for small businesses and self-employed.”
- minimal tax on job creation»Skattebördan på jobbskapande i företag ska göras så liten som möjligt.« (party programme ↗)“The tax burden on job creation in companies shall be made as small as possible.”
- capital access for small businesses»Små och nystartade företag har svårare att få tillgång till kapital« (party programme ↗)“Small and newly established companies have difficulty accessing capital”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan wants to change the tax system to improve the business and investment climate and enable a vital market for private risk capital, which carries both loss carry-back and a developed investor deduction.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to change the tax system to improve the business and investment climate and enable a vital market for private risk capital, which carries both loss carry-back and a developed investor deduction. Tax levels shall moreover be competitive and easy to understand, particularly on the corporate and capital side. The plan does not explicitly mention period-allocation funds or carry back, but the direction towards better terms for small businesses is clear.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill förändra skattesystemet för att förbättra företags- och investeringsklimatet och möjliggöra en vital marknad för privat riskkapital, vilket bär både förlustutjämning bakåt och ett utvecklat investeraravdrag. Skattenivåerna ska dessutom vara konkurrenskraftiga och lättförståeliga, särskilt på bolags- och kapitalsidan. Planen nämner inte periodiseringsfonder eller carry back uttryckligen, men riktningen mot bättre villkor för små företag är tydlig.
- market for private risk capitaldecisive»Skattesystemet behöver förändras för att förbättra företags- och investeringsklimatet och möjliggöra en vital marknad för privat riskkapital.« (party programme ↗)“The tax system needs to change to improve the business and investment climate and enable a vital market for private risk capital.”
- competitive business taxes»Sveriges skattenivåer ska vara konkurrenskraftiga och lättförståeliga för att uppmuntra till företagande, utbildning och investeringar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden's tax levels shall be competitive and easy to understand in order to encourage enterprise, education and investment.”
- reduced regulatory burden»Regelbördan för små företag ska minska« (party programme ↗)“The regulatory burden on small businesses shall decrease”
- more entrepreneurs»Fler företagare och entreprenörer skapar fler jobb och mer välstånd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More entrepreneurs and business people create more jobs and more prosperity.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires a tax system that promotes access to venture capital for new and growing businesses and that encourages saving in one's own business.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires a tax system that promotes access to venture capital for new and growing businesses and that encourages saving in one's own business. It also requires that tax rules be designed as simply as possible to facilitate small business. Allowing businesses to offset losses against previous years' profits and further developing the investor deduction are measures in exactly that direction.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver ett skattesystem som främjar tillgången till riskvilligt kapital för nya och växande företag och som uppmuntrar sparande i det egna företaget. Den kräver också att skattereglerna utformas så enkelt som möjligt för att underlätta för småföretagsamheten. Att låta företag kvitta förluster mot tidigare års vinster och att vidareutveckla investeraravdraget är åtgärder i just den riktningen.
- venture capital for small businessesdecisive»främjar tillgången till riskvilligt kapital för nya och växande företag.« (party programme ↗)“promotes access to venture capital for new and growing businesses.”
- encouraged saving in business»Skattesystemet ska vara sådant att vinster kan genereras samtidigt som sparande i det egna företaget uppmuntras.« (party programme ↗)“The tax system shall be such that profits can be generated at the same time as saving in one's own business is encouraged.”
- simple tax rules»viktigt att skattereglerna utformas så enkelt som möjligt« (party programme ↗)“it is important that tax rules are designed as simply as possible”
- more businesses»FLER FöRETAG« (2022 manifesto ↗)“MORE BUSINESSES”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The counter-proposal wants to allow companies to offset losses against earlier years' profits and further develop the investor deduction to direct risk capital to smaller businesses.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal wants to allow companies to offset losses against earlier years' profits and further develop the investor deduction to direct risk capital to smaller businesses. The plan promises lower taxes on business that strengthen incentives for investment and entrepreneurship, and requires a simpler tax system with competitive corporate and capital taxes. The party programme's principle that risk-taking should be rewarded points in the same direction, even though backward loss compensation is not mentioned.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslaget vill låta företag kvitta förluster mot tidigare års vinster och vidareutveckla investeraravdraget för att styra riskkapital till mindre företag. Planen lovar lägre skatter på företagande som stärker drivkrafterna för investeringar och entreprenörskap, och kräver ett enklare skattesystem med konkurrenskraftiga bolags- och kapitalskatter. Idéprogrammets princip att risktagande ska belönas pekar i samma riktning, även om förlustutjämning bakåt inte nämns.
- lower corporate taxesdecisive»Stärka drivkrafterna för investeringar, forskning och entreprenörskap, genom lägre skatter på företagande« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the incentives for investment, research and entrepreneurship, through lower taxes on business”
- competitive capital taxes»Ska det ske måste skattesystemet bli enklare, och bolags-, kunskaps- och kapitalskatter vara konkurrenskraftiga och uppmuntra till investeringar i Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If it is to happen, the tax system must become simpler, and corporate, knowledge and capital taxes be competitive and encourage investment in Sweden.”
- risk-taking should be rewarded»Risktagande ska därför belönas.« (party programme ↗)“Risk-taking should therefore be rewarded.”
- good conditions for growth»Villkoren för att starta, växa och expandera behöver vara goda för att fler ska våga lämna trygga och välbetalda jobb för att starta företag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The conditions for starting, growing and expanding need to be good so that more dare to leave secure and well-paid jobs to start businesses.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto states that risk-taking must be rewarded in order to grow and wants to modernize tax rules such as the 3:12 rule to stimulate entrepreneurship.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto states that risk-taking must be rewarded in order to grow and wants to modernize tax rules such as the 3:12 rule to stimulate entrepreneurship. The counter-proposal's demands for loss carry-back and an improved investor deduction for small businesses align with the plan's ambition to lower barriers to business and direct capital to small companies. However, the plan does not address these specific rules, so the support is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet slår fast att det måste löna sig att ta risker för att kunna växa och vill modernisera skatteregler som 3:12 för att stimulera entreprenörskap. Motförslagets krav på förlustutjämning bakåt och ett vidareutvecklat investeraravdrag för mindre företag ligger i linje med planens ambition att sänka trösklarna för företagande och styra kapital till små företag. Planen tar dock inte upp just dessa regler, varför stödet är härlett.
- risk-taking should be rewardeddecisive»Det måste löna sig att ta risker för att kunna växa.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Risk-taking must be rewarded in order to grow.”
- modernized business tax rules»Modernisera 3:12 regelverket för att stimulera entreprenörskap« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Modernize the 3:12 rule to stimulate entrepreneurship”
- promote start-ups»Skapa förutsättningar för nyföretagande och entreprenörskap« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create conditions for start-ups and entrepreneurship”
- regulatory simplification for small businesses»Verka för regelförenkling och avlasta småföretagens administrativa börda« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Work for regulatory simplification and ease small businesses' administrative burden”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:SkU12)
- Committee report full text (HA01SkU12)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1006 — Långsiktigt planerande och byggande av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1015 — En konkurrenskraftig svensk sjöfart av Jimmy Ståhl m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1022 — Sverigevänlig skatte- och indrivningspolitik för välfärd, trygghet och företagande av Per Söderlund m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1029 — Bättre villkor för buffert- och pensionssparande och en stärkt arbetslinje för äldre av Johan Hultberg (M)
- Motion 2022/23:1124 — En hållbar besöksnäring av Elisabeth Thand Ringqvist m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1245 — Ordning och reda på arbetsmarknaden av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1249 — Hyresrätt och allmännytta av Malcolm Momodou Jallow m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1364 — Näringslivets sponsring av kultur av Roland Utbult (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1544 — Beredskapsskatt av Linus Sköld (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1643 — En hållbar digitalisering av Niels Paarup-Petersen m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1672 — En levande landsbygd för Sveriges bästa av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1702 — Generationsskifte i bostadsbeståndet av Malin Danielsson (L)
- Motion 2022/23:1705 — Beredskapsskatt av Annika Strandhäll (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1709 — Politiska uppdrag i 3:12-reglerna av Peter Ollén (M)
- Motion 2022/23:1738 — Konkurrensneutralitet mellan medieföretag verksamma i Sverige av Laila Naraghi (S)
- Motion 2022/23:190 — Möjlighet till lägre reavinstskatt vid försäljning av privatbostad av Jörgen Grubb (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:2138 — Skattepolitik av Niklas Karlsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2170 — För en stark grön näringslivsutveckling av Elin Söderberg m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:2176 — Paket för att stärka den fria konsten av Amanda Lind (MP)
Source: The Swedish Parliament