2024-03-062023/24:SfU11 · p.1SfUMigration & social insurance

Labour market assessment

Labour-market testing for labour immigration

What's at stake: The decision affects both employers seeking to recruit international talent and foreign workers, since the rules determine how easily labour can be brought in from third countries and how exposed workers are to exploitation and wage dumping.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether Sweden should reintroduce authority-based labour-market testing as a condition for work permits for third-country nationals, checking that no suitable candidate is available domestically, or whether it should continue to be up to the employer alone to judge the need to recruit.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee considers that employers themselves are best placed to judge whether there is a need to recruit labour from third countries, and is therefore not prepared to propose a call on the government to introduce labour-market testing as a condition for work permits. Instead, the committee points to the raised income requirement as a way to counter abuse, and rejects the motions on labour-market testing.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (S, V)

The reservers want an authority-based labour-market test reintroduced as a condition for labour immigration, arguing that the current market-based system leads to serious problems such as exploitation of foreign workers and dumping of wages and working conditions, and that labour immigration should therefore only be possible when the right person cannot be found in Sweden.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by S, V.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

The decision would have gone the other way

Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SDSverigedemokraterna

Ja 183–116Nej 124–175

Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/20/0/4follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
Sown reservationNoNo 0/93/0/13follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
MPYesYes 15/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
CYesYes 19/0/0/5follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
LYesYes 13/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
MYesYes 60/0/0/8follows the planconfidence: highderived
SDNoYes 59/2/0/11departs from the planagainst own programmeconfidence: highexplicit

Broke with the party line

SDAnette Rangdag (SD, Jämtlands län)No — party line: Yes
SDRunar Filper (SD, Värmlands län)No — party line: Yes

MPs whose vote differs from their party's majority position in this division. Marked with a dark ring in the chamber view.

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:439 by Ciczie Weidby et al. (V) demand 26 in this respect, 2023/24:875 by Leif Nysmed (S), 2023/24:878 by Leif Nysmed and Lars Mejern Larsson (both S), 2023/24:1703 by Teresa Carvalho et al. (S), 2023/24:2620 by Teresa Carvalho et al. (S) demand 51, 2023/24:2622 by Anders Ygeman et al. (S) demand 3 and 2023/24:2661 by Mattias Vepsä et al. (S) demand 5.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:439 av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V) yrkande 26 i denna del, 2023/24:875 av Leif Nysmed (S), 2023/24:878 av Leif Nysmed och Lars Mejern Larsson (båda S), 2023/24:1703 av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S), 2023/24:2620 av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S) yrkande 51, 2023/24:2622 av Anders Ygeman m.fl. (S) yrkande 3 och 2023/24:2661 av Mattias Vepsä m.fl. (S) yrkande 5.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected about thirty proposals in motions on labour immigration from the general motion period in 2023. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to ongoing work. The motions deal with labour market assessment, conditions for work permits, attracting labour and preventing exploitation and abuse, residence permits for research and studies and more.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The plan stipulates that migrants' residence permits shall never be linked to employers' whims and that migrant workers shall never be exploited for worse conditions or stripped agreements.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan stipulates that migrants' residence permits shall never be linked to employers' whims and that migrant workers shall never be exploited for worse conditions or stripped agreements. An employer-driven system is according to the plan precisely what has weakened migrants' position, while the counter-proposal wants to move assessment to an agency to stop wage dumping. The concept of labor market testing is absent from the plan, hence derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att migranters uppehållstillstånd aldrig ska kopplas till arbetsköparnas nycker och att arbetskraftsinvandrare aldrig får utnyttjas till sämre villkor eller strippade avtal. Ett arbetsgivardrivet system är enligt planen just det som försvagat migranters ställning, medan motförslaget vill flytta prövningen till en myndighet för att stoppa lönedumpning. Begreppet arbetsmarknadsprövning saknas i planen, därav härlett.

  • no employer-dependent migrationdecisive»Migranters uppehållstillstånd ska aldrig generellt kopplas till arbetsköparnas nycker.« (party programme ↗)“Migrants' residence permits shall never generally be linked to employers' whims.”
  • against exploitation of migrant workers»arbetskraftsinvandrare utnyttjas till sämre villkor eller strippade avtal.« (party programme ↗)“migrant workers are exploited for worse conditions or stripped agreements.”
  • independence from the employer»Ingen av oss ska behöva utstå rasism på arbetsplatsen eller vara beroende av arbetsgivaren för att få stanna i Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“None of us should have to endure racism in the workplace or be dependent on the employer to stay in Sweden.”
  • collective agreements for all»Svenska kollektivavtal ska fullt ut gälla för alla på svensk arbetsmarknad.« (party programme ↗)“Swedish collective agreements shall fully apply to all in the Swedish labor market.”
SSocialdemokraternaNoNofollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly states that labour immigration shall be limited, that unemployed people in Sweden first and foremost shall enter employment and that a labour market test shall be introduced.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly states that labour immigration shall be limited, that unemployed people in Sweden first and foremost shall enter employment and that a labour market test shall be introduced. The counter-proposal's demand for an authority-based labour market test is the same measure, and the plan shares the view that the current system leads to people being exploited. The exception for highly educated people in shortage occupations does not change the main line.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet säger uttryckligen att arbetskraftsinvandringen ska begränsas, att arbetslösa i Sverige i första hand ska komma i arbete och att en arbetsmarknadsprövning ska införas. Motförslagets krav på en myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning är samma åtgärd, och planen delar bilden att dagens system leder till att människor utnyttjas. Undantaget för högutbildade i bristyrken ändrar inte huvudlinjen.

  • labour market testdecisive»Vi vill införa en arbetsmarknadsprövning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to introduce a labour market test.”
  • limited labour immigration»Arbetskraftsinvandringen ska begränsas. I första hand ska arbetslösa i Sverige komma i arbete.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Labour immigration shall be limited. Unemployed people in Sweden shall first and foremost enter employment.”
  • prevent exploitation»Dessutom leder dagens arbetskraftsinvandring ofta till att människor utnyttjas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Moreover, current labour immigration often leads to people being exploited.”
  • exception for shortage occupations»Samtidigt behöver vi bättre säkra tillgången till högutbildad arbetskraft i bristyrken.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At the same time, we need to better secure access to highly educated workers in shortage occupations.”
MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan states that Sweden should be open to labour migration and that the ability to move to another country to work is a fundamental freedom.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan states that Sweden should be open to labour migration and that the ability to move to another country to work is a fundamental freedom. The counter-proposal wants to reintroduce a government-based labour market test as a condition, thus limiting that possibility. The plan's answer to exploitation is instead regulations against unscrupulous employers, not needs testing.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att Sverige ska vara öppet för arbetskraftsinvandring och att möjligheten att söka sig till ett annat land för att arbeta är en grundläggande frihet. Motförslaget vill återinföra en myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning som villkor, alltså begränsa den möjligheten. Planens svar på utnyttjande är i stället regleringar mot oseriösa arbetsgivare, inte behovsprövning.

  • open labour migrationdecisive»Vi vill att Sverige ska vara ett land som är öppet för arbetskraftsinvandring.« (party programme ↗)“We want Sweden to be a country that is open to labour migration.”
  • mobility as a fundamental freedom»Möjligheten att kunna söka sig till ett annat land för att arbeta är en grundläggande frihet och en vinst för både avsändar- och mottagarlandet.« (party programme ↗)“The ability to move to another country to work is a fundamental freedom and a gain for both sending and receiving countries.”
  • regulation against unscrupulous employers»Ett öppet regelverk ställer samtidigt krav på nationella regleringar och internationella samarbeten för att motverka diskriminering, dåliga arbetsvillkor och oseriösa arbetsgivare.« (party programme ↗)“An open regulatory framework simultaneously requires national regulations and international cooperation to prevent discrimination, poor working conditions and unscrupulous employers.”
  • faster work permits»korta handläggningstiderna för arbetstillstånd och asylbeslut så att det går fortare att komma in i samhället.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“shorten processing times for work permits and asylum decisions so it goes faster to enter society.”
CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan explicitly states that labour immigration shall be valued and that companies must be able to quickly find, recruit and hire the right expertise, and that politics must not fail the companies that cannot manage without labour immigration.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan explicitly states that labour immigration shall be valued and that companies must be able to quickly find, recruit and hire the right expertise, and that politics must not fail the companies that cannot manage without labour immigration. An authority-based labour market test is precisely the obstacle the plan wants to avoid. The party programme moreover ties Swedish prosperity to labour that cannot be found within the country's borders.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger uttryckligen att arbetskraftsinvandringen ska värnas och att företagen måste kunna snabbt hitta, rekrytera och anställa rätt kompetens, samt att politiken inte får svika de företag som inte klarar sig utan arbetskraftsinvandring. En myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning är just det hinder planen vill undvika. Idéprogrammet knyter dessutom svenskt välstånd till arbetskraft som inte kan mötas inom landets gränser.

  • valued labour immigrationdecisive»Värna arbetskraftsinvandringen. För att svenska företag ska kunna konkurrera måste de ha möjlighet att snabbt hitta, rekrytera och anställa rätt kompetens.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Value labour immigration. For Swedish companies to be able to compete they must have the opportunity to quickly find, recruit and hire the right expertise.”
  • business recruitment needs determine policy»Politiken får inte svika alla de företag som inte klarar sig utan arbetskraftsinvandring.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Politics must not fail all those companies that cannot manage without labour immigration.”
  • prosperity requires imported expertise»Svenskt välstånd är beroende av välutbildad arbetskraft« (party programme ↗)“Swedish prosperity depends on well-educated labour”
  • openness above protectionism»Sverige behöver mer frihandel och internationellt samarbete, inte protektionism och stängda gränser.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs more free trade and international cooperation, not protectionism and closed borders.”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan's decisive commitment is that more skilled people shall be attracted to work as migrants and that it shall be easier to get permission for those who can support themselves, with longer temporary work permits and an end to skilled deportations.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's decisive commitment is that more skilled people shall be attracted to work as migrants and that it shall be easier to get permission for those who can support themselves, with longer temporary work permits and an end to skilled deportations. An authority-based labour market test as a condition for work permits goes directly against this. The plan addresses system abuse with measures against unreported work, not with means testing.

Original (Swedish)

Planens avgörande åtagande är att fler kunniga människor ska lockas att arbetskraftsinvandra och att det ska bli enklare att få tillstånd för den som kan försörja sig, med längre tillfälliga arbetstillstånd och ett slut på kompetensutvisningarna. En myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning som villkor för arbetstillstånd går rakt emot detta. Planen möter missbruk av systemet med åtgärder mot svartjobb, inte med behovsprövning.

  • increased labour migrationdecisive»Fler kunniga människor ska lockas att arbetskraftsinvandra till vårt land« (party programme ↗)“More skilled people shall be attracted to work as migrants to our country”
  • easier work permits»Det ska bli enklare att få tillstånd att komma hit för att söka arbete eller starta företag« (party programme ↗)“It shall be easier to get permission to come here to seek work or start a business”
  • longer work permits»Tillfälliga arbetstillstånd ska kunna ges för en längre period än i dag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Temporary work permits can be given for a longer period than today.”
  • prevent system abuse»systemet för arbetskraftsinvandring inte ska missbrukas för till exempel svartjobb« (party programme ↗)“the system for labour migration shall not be abused for example for unreported work”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan is based on people's will and ability to provide for themselves being utilized and decisions being made at the lowest appropriate level, with rules tested from a small business perspective.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is based on people's will and ability to provide for themselves being utilized and decisions being made at the lowest appropriate level, with rules tested from a small business perspective. A government-based labour market assessment shifts the assessment of recruitment needs from the employer to the state. The requirement for strict immigration policy in the election manifesto is directed at integration problems and exclusion, not at demanded labour.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger på att människors vilja och förmåga till egenförsörjning ska tas tillvara och att beslut fattas på lägsta ändamålsenliga nivå, med regler prövade ur ett småföretagarperspektiv. En myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning flyttar bedömningen av rekryteringsbehovet från arbetsgivaren till staten. Kravet på stram migrationspolitik i valmanifestet riktas mot integrationsproblem och utanförskap, inte mot efterfrågad arbetskraft.

  • provision for oneself shall be utilizeddecisive»Människors vilja och förmåga till egenförsörjning ska« (party programme ↗)“People's will and ability to provide for themselves shall”
  • decisions at the lowest level»Subsidiaritetsprincipen innebär att det som en liten« (party programme ↗)“The principle of subsidiarity means that what is small”
  • small business perspective on rules»Direkta företagssubventioner avvisas. Tillkommande lagar bör prövas ur ett småföretagarperspektiv.« (party programme ↗)“Direct business subsidies are rejected. Incoming laws should be tested from a small business perspective.”
  • strict immigration policy»Stram migrationspolitik krävs för att ta itu med integrationsproblem och utanförskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strict immigration policy is required to address integration problems and exclusion.”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan wants those who want to employ to be able to find the right competence and for competence deportations to be stopped, and the idea program wants Sweden to be a country where people seek to work and run businesses.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants those who want to employ to be able to find the right competence and for competence deportations to be stopped, and the idea program wants Sweden to be a country where people seek to work and run businesses. An authority-based labor market test moves the assessment of recruitment needs from the employer to the state and thus goes against these commitments. The plan does not mention the test as such, which is why the position is inferred.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att den som vill anställa ska kunna hitta rätt kompetens och att kompetensutvisningarna stoppas, och idéprogrammet vill att Sverige ska vara ett land dit man söker sig för att arbeta och driva företag. En myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning flyttar bedömningen av rekryteringsbehovet från arbetsgivaren till staten och går därmed emot dessa åtaganden. Planen nämner inte prövningen som sådan, varför ställningstagandet är härlett.

  • protected labor migrationdecisive»Sätta stopp för kompetensutvisningarna« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop competence deportations”
  • employer's recruitment needs»Där du som vill anställa har möjlighet att hitta rätt kompetens inom Sveriges gränser – men den som rekryterat utländsk spetskompetens inte behöver oroa sig för orättvisa kompetensutvisningar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Where you who want to employ have the opportunity to find the right competence within Sweden's borders – but those who have recruited foreign top expertise do not need to worry about unfair competence deportations.”
  • openness for labor»vara ett land dit man vill söka sig för att arbeta, driva företag« (party programme ↗)“be a country where people want to seek to work, run businesses”
  • foundation of market economy»Grunden för Sveriges välstånd är en marknadsekonomi baserad« (party programme ↗)“The foundation for Sweden's prosperity is a market economy based”
SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planexplicit

The plan explicitly requires that Sweden introduce a genuine labour market test for work permits, to prevent import of cheap labour for occupations requiring little training.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan explicitly requires that Sweden introduce a genuine labour market test for work permits, to prevent import of cheap labour for occupations requiring little training. It also seeks to stop labour immigration to occupations that can be filled by domestic labour. The counter-proposal's requirement for authority-based labour market testing is thus exactly the plan's line.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver uttryckligen att Sverige inför en riktig arbetsmarknadsprövning för arbetstillstånd, för att hindra import av billig arbetskraft till yrken som kräver liten utbildning. Den vill också stoppa arbetskraftsinvandring till yrken som kan tillgodoses av inhemsk arbetskraft. Motförslagets krav på en myndighetsbaserad arbetsmarknadsprövning är därmed exakt planens linje.

  • genuine labour market testdecisive»För arbetstillstånd behöver Sverige införa en riktig arbetsmarknadsprövning för att förhindra att arbetsgivare importerar billig arbetskraft från fattiga länder för att utföra yrken som kräver liten eller ingen utbildning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“For work permits Sweden needs to introduce a genuine labour market test to prevent employers from importing cheap labour from poor countries to perform occupations requiring little or no training.”
  • domestic labour first»Stoppa arbetskraftsinvandring till yrken som kan tillgodoses av inhemsk arbetskraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop labour immigration to occupations that can be filled by domestic labour”
  • needs-based labour immigration»arbetsmarknadens behov först och främst skall tillgodoses med inhemsk arbetskraft.« (party programme ↗)“the labour market's needs must first and foremost be met with domestic labour.”
  • dysfunctional rules»Reglerna för arbetskraftsinvandring har dessutom i praktiken slutat fungera.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The rules for labour immigration have moreover in practice ceased to function.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament