2023-04-122022/23:FöU7 · p.1FöUDefence
The Crisis Preparedness System
The basic principles of the crisis-preparedness system
What's at stake: Crisis preparedness is fundamentally governed by a small number of guiding principles for how agencies, municipalities and other actors should prevent and manage accidents and crises. If the principles do not work well in practice, the handling of major events, such as wildfires or pandemics, risks becoming unclear or hindered.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether the fundamental principles guiding Swedish crisis preparedness should be evaluated and possibly revised to provide clearer governance, or whether the current system and ongoing inquiries are judged sufficient.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee emphasizes the importance of sound legislative preparedness but notes that structures and legislation within total defence and crisis preparedness are already being reviewed in several areas, and against that background sees no reason to propose further measures for the time being.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 1 (C)
The reservation considers that crisis preparedness is underregulated and that the three fundamental principles for Swedish crisis management do not work effectively in practice, and calls for the principles to be evaluated and, if needed, revised to provide clearer governance of crisis preparedness.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by C.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SDSverigedemokraterna
Ja 280–21Ja 216–85
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| S | No | Yes 92/0/0/15 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| MP | No | Yes 15/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| C | No | No 0/21/0/3 | match | confidence: low | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | No | Yes 58/0/0/10 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | No | Yes 64/0/0/9 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:288 by Jan Ericson (M) and 2022/23:851 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) item 8.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:288 av Jan Ericson (M) och 2022/23:851 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 8.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 60 proposals in motions from the regular motion period 2022 on society's crisis preparedness. This, above all, by referring to ongoing work. The motions concern, among other things, society's peacetime crisis preparedness, protection against disasters and cybersecurity.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants an evaluation of the three crisis preparedness principles and revision if needed for clearer governance. (C) — Reservation 1
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan concludes that the pandemic highlighted in sharp relief the consequences of privatisation and underfunded welfare and that preparations were inadequate.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan concludes that the pandemic highlighted in sharp relief the consequences of privatisation and underfunded welfare and that preparations were inadequate. It requires that society be able to scale up capacity in times of crisis and that socially important operations and infrastructure be brought back into common management. An evaluation and revision of the principles of crisis management for clearer governance aligns with that conclusion.
Original (Swedish)
Planen drar slutsatsen att pandemin satte privatiseringarnas och den underfinansierade välfärdens konsekvenser i blixtbelysning och att förberedelserna var för dåliga. Den kräver att samhället kan växla upp kapaciteten i kristider och att samhällsviktig verksamhet och infrastruktur tas tillbaka i gemensam regi. En utvärdering och revidering av krishanteringens principer för tydligare styrning ligger i linje med den slutsatsen.
- capacity in times of crisisdecisive»Sverige behöver rusta upp hela vårdsektorn för att kunna klara de mer normala skiftningarna i vårdbehov men också för att kunna växla upp kapaciteten i kristider.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to strengthen the entire care sector in order to cope with more normal shifts in care needs but also to be able to scale up capacity in times of crisis.”
- common control over socially important operations»Det är hög tid att agera och ta tillbaka den samhällsviktiga verksamhet och infrastruktur som har privatiserats.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is high time to act and bring back the socially important operations and infrastructure that have been privatised.”
- pandemic exposed shortcomings»Coronapandemin har satt privatiseringarnas och den underfinansierade välfärdens konsekvenser i blixtbelysning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted in sharp relief the consequences of privatisation and underfunded welfare”
- inadequate preparedness»Det fanns för få vårdplatser, alltför belastade vårdcentraler, för lite personal och för dåliga förberedelser med skyddsutrustning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“There were too few care places, overstretched health centres, too little staff and inadequate preparations with protective equipment.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that work on civil defence and crisis preparedness continues and that society moves forward positions to regain control, which speaks for evaluation and tightened governance of crisis management principles.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that work on civil defence and crisis preparedness continues and that society moves forward positions to regain control, which speaks for evaluation and tightened governance of crisis management principles. The party programme also places ultimate responsibility for governance on politics, not on authorities. However, the plan does not speak to the accountability, subsidiarity and equality principles as such.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att arbetet med det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen fortsätter och att samhället flyttar fram positionerna för att ta tillbaka kontrollen, vilket talar för en utvärdering och skärpt styrning av krishanteringens principer. Partiprogrammet lägger dessutom det yttersta ansvaret för styrningen på politiken, inte på myndigheterna. Planen uttalar sig dock inte om ansvars-, närhets- och likhetsprinciperna som sådana.
- continued strengthened crisis preparednessdecisive»Rusta upp det civila försvaret. Arbetet att förstärka det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen måste fortsätta, bland annat genom ökade resurser för att rusta och bygga beredskapslager för sjukvården« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen civil defence. Work to strengthen civil defence and crisis preparedness must continue, including through increased resources to equip and build preparedness stocks for healthcare”
- stronger societal governance»Samhället ska flytta fram positionerna för att ta tillbaka kontrollen över utvecklingen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Society shall move forward positions to regain control over development.”
- political responsibility for governance»ansvaret kan aldrig överlämnas till icke valda ämbetsmän. Politikerna har alltid det yttersta« (party programme ↗)“responsibility can never be handed over to unelected civil servants. Politicians always have the ultimate”
- protection of critical infrastructure»störningar av kritisk infrastruktur som el,« (party programme ↗)“disruptions of critical infrastructure such as electricity,”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme wants to broaden and develop national security policy so that it better meets future crises and points out that society is vulnerable through its large-scale infrastructure.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme wants to broaden and develop national security policy so that it better meets future crises and points out that society is vulnerable through its large-scale infrastructure. The election manifesto wants to increase crisis preparedness appropriations. An evaluation and revision of crisis management principles is in line with this, even though the plan does not comment on the level of regulation.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet vill bredda och utveckla den nationella säkerhetspolitiken så att den bättre motsvarar framtidens kriser och pekar på att samhället är sårbart genom sin storskaliga infrastruktur. Valmanifestet vill öka anslagen till krisberedskapen. En utvärdering och revidering av krishanteringens principer ligger i linje med detta, även om planen inte uttalar sig om regleringsgraden.
- developed crisis preparednessdecisive»För att kunna möta hoten mot vårt samhälle måste vi bredda och utveckla den nationella säkerhetspolitiken så att den bättre motsvarar framtidens kriser.« (party programme ↗)“In order to meet the threats to our society we must broaden and develop national security policy so that it better meets future crises.”
- vulnerable society»Samhället förlitar sig i dag i alltför hög grad på en storskalig och högteknologisk infrastruktur som är sårbar för oförutsedda störningar.« (party programme ↗)“Society today relies to too great an extent on large-scale and high-technology infrastructure that is vulnerable to unforeseen disruptions.”
- more to civil defense»satsa en större andel av försvarets pengar på det civila försvaret, och öka anslagen till krisberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“invest a larger share of defense resources in civil defense, and increase crisis preparedness appropriations.”
- preventive policy»Politiken ska ligga steget före och förhindra att katastrofer inträffar.« (party programme ↗)“Policy should be a step ahead and prevent catastrophes from occurring.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan commits to strengthening civil defence and society's preparedness and to adapting capability to new threats, which argues for evaluating the principles of crisis management if they do not work in practice.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan commits to strengthening civil defence and society's preparedness and to adapting capability to new threats, which argues for evaluating the principles of crisis management if they do not work in practice. The plan says nothing about the constitutional regulation or governance model of crisis preparedness, so the position rests on general preparedness commitments and is uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planen åtar sig att rusta civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap och att anpassa förmågan efter nya hot, vilket talar för att principerna för krishantering bör utvärderas om de inte fungerar i praktiken. Planen säger däremot ingenting om krisberedskapens författningsreglering eller styrmodell, så ställningstagandet vilar på allmänna beredskapsåtaganden och är osäkert.
- strengthen crisis preparednessdecisive»Även det civila försvaret är livsviktigt. Vi måste rusta civilförsvaret och samhällets beredskap inför krig och kris.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Civil defence is also vital. We must strengthen civil defence and society's preparedness for war and crisis.”
- adaptation to new threats»Därför måste vi också anpassa vår försvarsförmåga efter nya hot mot landet.« (party programme ↗)“We must therefore also adapt our defence capacity to new threats to the country.”
- strengthened civil preparedness»Centerpartiet vill rusta försvaret, stärka Sveriges civila beredskap och fullfölja inträdet i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Centre Party wants to strengthen defence, strengthen Sweden's civil preparedness and complete entry into NATO.”
The plan requires that civil defence shall be strengthened at the same pace as military defence and that the state shall take greater responsibility for preparedness and strategic planning, which presupposes clear governance in crisis management.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that civil defence shall be strengthened at the same pace as military defence and that the state shall take greater responsibility for preparedness and strategic planning, which presupposes clear governance in crisis management. An evaluation and if necessary revision of crisis management principles is therefore in the plan's direction. The plan also emphasizes that Sweden shall be able to meet crises without welfare being threatened.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att det civila försvaret stärks i samma takt som det militära och att staten tar ett större ansvar för beredskap och strategisk planering, vilket förutsätter tydlig styrning i krishanteringen. En utvärdering och vid behov revidering av krishanteringens principer ligger därmed i planens riktning. Planen betonar också att Sverige ska kunna möta kriser utan att välfärden hotas.
- strengthened civil defencedecisive»det civila försvaret stärkas i samma takt som det militära« (2022 manifesto ↗)“civil defence shall be strengthened at the same pace as military defence”
- clearer state responsibility»Staten ska ta ett större ansvar för sjukvårdens strategiska planering, placering av högspecialiserad vård, beredskap och långsiktig kompetensförsörjning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The state shall take greater responsibility for healthcare's strategic planning, placement of highly specialized care, preparedness and long-term competence provision.”
- preparedness for crises»Stabila offentliga finanser och låg statsskuld skapar utrymme för Sverige att möta kriser« (party programme ↗)“Stable public finances and low state debt create space for Sweden to meet crises”
- increased defence capacity»Sveriges nationella försvarsförmåga måste öka.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's national defence capacity must increase.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that crises be met with all of politics' preventive capabilities and that total defense has sufficient resources to protect the population during civil disasters.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that crises be met with all of politics' preventive capabilities and that total defense has sufficient resources to protect the population during civil disasters. Evaluation and follow-up are according to the plan a central political task, and the subsidiarity principle requires the right power in the right place in governance. To evaluate and if needed revise the principles for crisis management thus lies in line with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att kriser möts med politikens alla preventiva möjligheter och att totalförsvaret har tillräckliga resurser för att skydda befolkningen vid civila katastrofer. Utvärdering och uppföljning är enligt planen en central politisk uppgift, och subsidiaritetsprincipen kräver rätt makt på rätt plats i styrningen. Att utvärdera och vid behov revidera principerna för krishantering ligger därmed i linje med planen.
- preventive crisis preparednessdecisive»Kriser måste mötas med politikens alla preventiva« (party programme ↗)“Crises must be met with all of politics' preventive”
- good protection during disasters»skydd mot effekterna av såväl civila katastrofer som« (party programme ↗)“protection against the effects of both civil disasters and”
- evaluation as a political task»Utvärdering, kostnadsuppföljning och kvalitetskontroll är därför viktiga politiska« (party programme ↗)“Evaluation, cost monitoring and quality control are therefore important political”
- clear responsibility distribution»Rätt makt på rätt plats, det är den kristdemokratiska« (party programme ↗)“Right power in the right place, that is the Christian democratic”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The programme observes that forest fires and the pandemic have exposed shortcomings in preparedness and the state's inability to act in crisis, and the election manifesto responds with a national security council and secured long-term planning for civil defence.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The programme observes that forest fires and the pandemic have exposed shortcomings in preparedness and the state's inability to act in crisis, and the election manifesto responds with a national security council and secured long-term planning for civil defence. An evaluation and, if necessary, revision of crisis management's principles for clearer governance aligns with that criticism. Therefore, the counter-proposal's demands coincide with the plan's problem picture.
Original (Swedish)
Programmet konstaterar att skogsbränder och pandemin blottat brister i beredskapen och statsmaktens oförmåga att agera i kris, och valmanifestet svarar med ett nationellt säkerhetsråd och en säkrad långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret. En utvärdering och vid behov revidering av krishanteringens principer för tydligare styrning ligger i linje med den kritiken. Motförslagets krav sammanfaller alltså med planens problembild.
- criticism of crisis management capacitydecisive»brister i vår beredskap och statsmaktens oförmåga att agera« (party programme ↗)“shortcomings in our preparedness and the state's inability to act”
- clearer crisis governance»Inrätta ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Establish a national security council at the Government Offices”
- long-term preparedness planning»Säkra en långsiktig planering för det civila försvaret« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Secure long-term planning for civil defence”
- planned handling of threats»Införa en handlingsplan med konkreta åtgärder mot hybridhot och cyberattacker« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce an action plan with concrete measures against hybrid threats and cyberattacks”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan explicitly demands special crisis legislation that regulates how a crisis organisation shall coordinate society's measures and how extraordinary measures can be quickly implemented.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly demands special crisis legislation that regulates how a crisis organisation shall coordinate society's measures and how extraordinary measures can be quickly implemented. The counter-proposal's picture of under-regulated crisis preparedness with principles that do not work effectively, and the demand for evaluation and revision for clearer direction, corresponds to this commitment. The plan also wants to improve central crisis management capacity.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver uttryckligen en särskild krislagstiftning som reglerar hur en krisorganisation ska samordna samhällets insatser och hur undantagsåtgärder snabbt kan sättas in. Motförslagets bild av en underreglerad krisberedskap med principer som inte fungerar ändamålsenligt, och kravet på utvärdering och revidering för tydligare styrning, motsvarar detta åtagande. Planen vill också förbättra den centrala krisledningsförmågan.
- special crisis legislationdecisive»Ta fram en särskild krislagstiftning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Draw up special crisis legislation”
- regulated crisis management»Särskild lagstiftning bör tas fram för hur en krisorganisation effektivt ska kunna samordna samhällets insatser vid en kris och hur undantagsåtgärder snabbt ska kunna sättas in av det allmänna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Special legislation should be drawn up for how a crisis organisation can effectively coordinate society's measures during a crisis and how extraordinary measures can be quickly implemented by the public sector.”
- clearer central direction»Förbättra den centrala krisledningsförmågan« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Improve central crisis management capacity”
- evaluate vulnerability»Samhällets sårbarhet behöver bättre utvärderas, inkluderat hur ett allt mer elektrifierat och digitalt samhälle påverkar utsattheten vid en kris eller störning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Society's vulnerability needs to be better evaluated, including how an increasingly electrified and digital society affects exposure in a crisis or disruption.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:FöU7)
- Committee report full text (HA01FöU7)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1013 — Post och it i hela landet av Jimmy Ståhl m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1014 — Ett konkurrenskraftigt svenskt väginfrastruktursystem av Thomas Morell m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1232 — En funktionsrättspolitik för trygghet och delaktighet av Maj Karlsson m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1249 — Hyresrätt och allmännytta av Malcolm Momodou Jallow m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:142 — Nationellt förbud mot användning och försäljning av fyrverkerier av Ingela Nylund Watz (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1524 — Ett starkare Norden av Kjell-Arne Ottosson (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1643 — En hållbar digitalisering av Niels Paarup-Petersen m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1767 — Rymdstrategi av Aron Emilsson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1910 — Underlättande för bygge av vatten- och branddammar av Sten Bergheden (M)
- Motion 2022/23:2190 — Ledarskap för klimat och grön omställning av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2262 — Stärk det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:288 — Den svenska krisberedskapen av Jan Ericson (M)
- Motion 2022/23:315 — Internationellt kris- och hälsosamarbete av Markus Wiechel (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:499 — Om klimatkatastrofer av Mathias Tegnér (S)
- Motion 2022/23:629 — Bristen på deltidsbrandmän i Fyrbodal och Sverige i stort av Johan Hultberg (M)
- Motion 2022/23:746 — Yttre portar för att skydda Göteborg mot översvämningar och höjda havsnivåer av Nicklas Attefjord m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:848 — En bättre digital säkerhet - stärkt cybersäkerhet för nutid och framtid av Niels Paarup-Petersen m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:851 — En stärkt krisberedskap och ett stärkt civilt försvar av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:854 — Skog och bioekonomi av Daniel Bäckström m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:893 — Skärmförbud på badanläggningar av Michael Rubbestad (SD)
Source: The Swedish Parliament