2023-04-262022/23:UU7 · p.10UUForeign affairs
Middle East
Sweden's stance on Iran and Syria in the Middle East
What's at stake: The outcome affects Sweden's diplomatic relationship with Iran, how aid to civilians in war-torn Syria is directed, and the symbolic and legal weight of a Swedish genocide designation for affected minorities in the region.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The motions called for the government to push for the JCPOA nuclear deal with Iran to be abandoned, sharpen its Syria strategy, and recognize ISIL's atrocities as genocide, while the committee held to its existing foreign-policy line without new specific declarations.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee majority rejects the motions and holds to its general foreign-policy line: upholding democratic values and human rights and working through the rules-based international system and multilateral cooperation, rather than through new specific Swedish declarations on individual conflicts in the Middle East.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 11 (SD)
SD argues that Iran is not living up to its commitments under the JCPOA nuclear deal, which should therefore be abandoned by all parties; that Sweden's Syria strategy should be clarified so that support goes only to civilians and not to actors who risk worsening the situation or hindering the peace process; and that the government should recognize ISIL's persecution of ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Syria as genocide.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 11 by SD.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | Yes | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| S | Yes | Yes 92/0/0/15 | follows the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| MP | Yes | Yes 14/0/0/4 | follows the plan | confidence: low | not addressed |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 15/0/0/4 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | No | Yes 58/0/0/10 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | No | No 0/64/0/9 | follows the plan | confidence: high | derived |
Committee proposal
Parliament rejects the motions 2022/23:612 by Nooshi Dadgostar et al. (V) demand 15, 2022/23:849 by Kerstin Lundgren et al. (C) demand 62, 2022/23:1748 by Rasmus Giertz et al. (SD) demand 1 and 2022/23:1769 by Markus Wiechel et al. (SD) demands 6 and 13.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:612 av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V) yrkande 15, 2022/23:849 av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C) yrkande 62, 2022/23:1748 av Rasmus Giertz m.fl. (SD) yrkande 1 och 2022/23:1769 av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 6 och 13.
Riksdag decision: Parliament has addressed approximately 110 proposals in motions from the general motion period. The proposals concern the overall direction of foreign policy and how Sweden should relate to the situation in certain parts of the world. Parliament rejected the proposals, among other reasons citing that the government's foreign policy direction is considered well-balanced and appropriate.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants the government to work for abandoning the JCPOA and developing a clearer Syria strategy. (SD) — Reservation 11
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan's stance is disarmament, a total ban on weapons of mass destruction and Sweden being a voice for peace rather than militarization, which argues against all parties abandoning the nuclear agreement with Iran.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's stance is disarmament, a total ban on weapons of mass destruction and Sweden being a voice for peace rather than militarization, which argues against all parties abandoning the nuclear agreement with Iran. The demand to recognize Islamic State persecution as genocide is closer to the plan's commitments on international law. Since the main demand tears up a disarmament agreement, the counter-proposal is rejected, but the grounds are weak.
Original (Swedish)
Planens linje är nedrustning, ett totalt förbud mot massförstörelsevapen och att Sverige ska vara en röst för fred snarare än militarisering, vilket talar mot att samtliga parter överger kärnenergiavtalet med Iran. Kravet på att erkänna Islamiska statens förföljelse som folkmord ligger däremot närmare planens folkrättsåtaganden. Eftersom huvudkravet river upp ett nedrustningsavtal avvisas motförslaget, men underlaget är svagt.
- ban on weapons of mass destructiondecisive»internationellt förbud mot alla former av massförstörelsevapen och för« (party programme ↗)“international ban on all forms of weapons of mass destruction and for”
- nuclear disarmament and UN»Sverige ska öka biståndet, stärka FN och skriva under kärnvapenkonventionen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall increase aid, strengthen the UN and sign the nuclear weapons convention.”
- voice for peace»Vänsterpartiet anser att Sverige ska vara en röst för fred och rättvisa, inte för ökad militarisering.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party holds that Sweden shall be a voice for peace and justice, not for increased militarization.”
- aid without self-interest»Internationellt bistånd ska ges till fattiga länder utan egennyttiga« (party programme ↗)“International aid shall be given to poor countries without self-interested”
flags: motförslaget rymmer krav i olika riktningar
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's central commitment on nuclear weapons is that Sweden should take a leading role for relaxation, disarmament and non-proliferation and work for a world free from nuclear weapons.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's central commitment on nuclear weapons is that Sweden should take a leading role for relaxation, disarmament and non-proliferation and work for a world free from nuclear weapons. That all parties should abandon the nuclear agreement with Iran pulls in the opposite direction and would weaken non-proliferation efforts. The counter-proposal's demand for recognition of genocide is by contrast in the plan's human-rights line, which makes the assessment uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Planens bärande åtagande i kärnvapenfrågan är att Sverige ska ta en ledande roll för avspänning, nedrustning och icke-spridning och verka för en värld fri från kärnvapen. Att samtliga parter ska överge kärnenergiavtalet med Iran drar i motsatt riktning och skulle svaga icke-spridningsarbetet. Motförslagets krav om folkmordserkännande ligger däremot i planens MR-linje, vilket gör bedömningen osäker.
- disarmament and non-proliferationdecisive»I kampen mot massförstörelsevapen ska Sverige åter ta en ledande roll i det internationella arbetet för avspänning, nedrustning och icke-spridning.« (party programme ↗)“In the fight against weapons of mass destruction, Sweden should again take a leading role in international efforts for relaxation, disarmament and non-proliferation.”
- nuclear-weapons-free world»Vi fördömer allt hot om användning av kärnvapen och fortsätter verka för det enda rimliga slutmålet: en värld fri från kärnvapen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We condemn all threats to use nuclear weapons and continue to work for the only reasonable end goal: a world free from nuclear weapons.”
- convention against nuclear weapons»vill vi verka för en konvention som förbjuder kärnvapen« (party programme ↗)“we want to work for a convention that prohibits nuclear weapons”
- human rights and international law»Vi kommer att fortsätta arbetet för att öka respekten för de mänskliga rättigheterna, demokratin och en regelbaserad världsordning och global säkerhet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We will continue efforts to increase respect for human rights, democracy and a rules-based world order and global security.”
The plan's line is that Sweden shall work against nuclear weapons and for disarmament through treaties, non-violence treaties and preventive diplomacy.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's line is that Sweden shall work against nuclear weapons and for disarmament through treaties, non-violence treaties and preventive diplomacy. That all parties abandon the nuclear energy agreement with Iran goes against that line. The part about recognizing persecution as genocide lies however close to the plan's emphasis on international law and human rights, but the counter-proposal's main demands are rejected.
Original (Swedish)
Planens linje är att Sverige ska arbeta mot kärnvapen och för nedrustning genom avtal, ickevåldsfördrag och förebyggande diplomati. Att samtliga parter överger kärnenergiavtalet med Iran går emot den linjen. Delen om att erkänna förföljelsen som folkmord ligger däremot nära planens betoning av folkrätt och mänskliga rättigheter, men motförslagets huvudkrav avvisas.
- work against nuclear weapons and for disarmamentdecisive»Samtidigt vill vi att Sverige behåller sin militära alliansfrihet för att kunna fortsätta arbeta mot kärnvapen, för nedrustning och kunna bedriva en självständig utrikespolitik där vi står upp för mänskliga rättigheter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At the same time we wish Sweden to retain its military non-alignment in order to continue to work against nuclear weapons, for disarmament and be able to conduct independent foreign policy where we stand up for human rights.”
- disarmament through treaties»frågor som rör nedrustning, ickevåldsfördrag och« (party programme ↗)“questions concerning disarmament, non-violence treaties and”
- preventive diplomacy»genom förebyggande diplomati och fredsbyggande« (party programme ↗)“through preventive diplomacy and peace-building”
- international law and human rights»mänskliga rättigheterna i centrum.« (party programme ↗)“human rights at the centre.”
The plan does not address Iran, Syria or the Islamic State, but states that foreign policy ultimately aims to protect universal human freedoms and rights and that democracies' citizens should not compromise with their ideals.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan does not address Iran, Syria or the Islamic State, but states that foreign policy ultimately aims to protect universal human freedoms and rights and that democracies' citizens should not compromise with their ideals. Recognizing genocide, directing support to civilians and demanding that nuclear commitments are complied with follows from this principle. At the same time, the plan values international agreements and dialogue, which speaks against abandoning agreements lightly.
Original (Swedish)
Planen behandlar inte Iran, Syrien eller Islamiska staten, men slår fast att utrikespolitiken ytterst syftar till att värna universella mänskliga fri- och rättigheter och att demokratiernas medborgare inte får kompromissa med sina ideal. Att erkänna folkmord, rikta stödet till civila och kräva att kärnenergiåtagandena efterlevs följer av den principen. Samtidigt värderar planen internationella överenskommelser och dialog, vilket talar mot att lämna avtal lättvindigt.
- human rights guide foreign policydecisive»Utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiken syftar ytterst till att värna universella mänskliga fri- och rättigheter.« (party programme ↗)“Foreign and security policy ultimately aims to protect universal human freedoms and rights.”
- no compromise with ideals»Därför är det särskilt viktigt att vi, medborgare i de demokratiska länderna, inte kompromissar med våra ideal« (party programme ↗)“Therefore it is particularly important that we, citizens of democracies, do not compromise with our ideals.”
- responsibility for the oppressed»medborgare och invånare i demokratiska länder med yttrandefrihet, har ett särskilt ansvar att stå upp för dem,« (party programme ↗)“citizens and residents of democracies with freedom of expression have a particular responsibility to stand up for them,”
- dialogue and cooperation»Dagens internationella ekonomiska beroende ökar betydelsen av fredsinsatser, samarbete och dialog.« (party programme ↗)“Today's international economic interdependence increases the importance of peace efforts, cooperation and dialogue.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto demands an explicitly values-driven foreign policy and development assistance reformed with a focus on democracy, gender equality and reduced corruption, and the party programme that the International Criminal Court's role in prosecuting crimes against human rights is strengthened.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto demands an explicitly values-driven foreign policy and development assistance reformed with a focus on democracy, gender equality and reduced corruption, and the party programme that the International Criminal Court's role in prosecuting crimes against human rights is strengthened. Recognizing the Islamic State's persecution as genocide and directing Syria aid so that it only reaches civilians follow from these commitments. The plan, however, says nothing about the nuclear agreement with Iran, which makes the assessment uncertain.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet kräver en uttalat värderingsstyrd utrikespolitik och ett bistånd som reformeras med fokus på demokrati, jämställdhet och minskad korruption, och partiprogrammet att Internationella brottmålsdomstolens roll för att lagföra brott mot mänskliga rättigheter stärks. Att erkänna Islamiska statens förföljelse som folkmord och styra Syrienstödet så att det bara når civila följer av dessa åtaganden. Planen säger däremot inget om kärnenergiavtalet med Iran, vilket gör bedömningen osäker.
- values-driven foreign policydecisive»Vi kallar det för vad det är: en ny värderingsstyrd utrikespolitik.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We call it what it is: a new values-driven foreign policy.”
- prosecute crimes against human rights»Internationella brottmålsdomstolens roll för att lagföra brott mot mänskliga rättigheter ska stärkas.« (party programme ↗)“The International Criminal Court's role in prosecuting crimes against human rights shall be strengthened.”
- reformed development assistance»Den svenska biståndspolitiken måste genomgå stora reformer med fokus på demokrati, jämställdhet och minskad korruption.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish development policy must undergo major reforms with a focus on democracy, gender equality and reduced corruption.”
- support for democratic forces»Sverige ska vara en röst för global frihet och ge stöd åt de modiga människor som verkar för demokratisering« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall be a voice for global freedom and support courageous people who work for democratization”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan makes the protection of human freedoms and rights a main goal of foreign policy and establishes that those most affected in conflicts have the right to assistance and protection and that everyone shall be able to practice their religion.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan makes the protection of human freedoms and rights a main goal of foreign policy and establishes that those most affected in conflicts have the right to assistance and protection and that everyone shall be able to practice their religion. To recognize the persecution of ethnic and religious minorities as genocide and to direct Syria support to civilians follows from this. That the plan wants to use positive means first pulls in another direction regarding abandoning the nuclear energy agreement.
Original (Swedish)
Planen gör skyddet av mänskliga fri- och rättigheter till huvudmål för utrikespolitiken och slår fast att de mest utsatta i konflikter har rätt till hjälp och skydd samt att alla ska få utöva sin religion. Att erkänna förföljelsen av etniska och religiösa minoriteter som folkmord och att rikta Syrienstödet till civila följer av detta. Att planen vill använda positiva verkningsmedel först drar i annan riktning i fråga om att överge kärnenergiavtalet.
- human rights as main goaldecisive»huvudmål för utrikespolitiken. Begreppet mänskliga« (party programme ↗)“main goal of foreign policy. The concept of human”
- protection for victims of conflict»att flyktingar, de drabbade och mest utsatta i konflikter,« (party programme ↗)“that refugees, those affected and most vulnerable in conflicts,”
- freedom of religion for minorities»ska ges rätten att bekänna och utöva sin religion.« (party programme ↗)“shall be given the right to profess and practice their religion.”
- dialogue before sanctions»hand positiva verkningsmedel användas, som till exempel finansiellt stöd, samarbetsprojekt, samtal och dialoger för att främja mänskliga rättigheter. Som en sista« (party programme ↗)“hand positive means are used, such as for example financial support, cooperation projects, discussions and dialogues to promote human rights. As a last”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan wants efforts supporting democracy and human rights to be prioritised, that Swedish tax funds do not end up with undemocratic leaders, and that the share of humanitarian aid increases.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants efforts supporting democracy and human rights to be prioritised, that Swedish tax funds do not end up with undemocratic leaders, and that the share of humanitarian aid increases. To direct Syria aid to civilians, abandon the nuclear energy agreement when Iran does not fulfil its commitments and recognise ISIS's persecution as genocide aligns with this. The programme establishes that Sweden shall be a strong voice for freedom and human rights.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill att insatser som stödjer demokrati och mänskliga rättigheter prioriteras, att svenska skattemedel inte hamnar hos odemokratiska ledare och att andelen humanitärt bistånd ökar. Att styra Syrienstödet till civila, överge kärnenergiavtalet när Iran inte fullgör sina åtaganden och erkänna Islamiska statens förföljelse som folkmord ligger i linje med detta. Programmet slår fast att Sverige ska vara en stark röst för frihet och mänskliga rättigheter.
- democracy and HR guide measuresdecisive»Prioritera insatser som stödjer arbetet för demokrati och mänskliga rättigheter« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Prioritise efforts that support work for democracy and human rights”
- no funds to undemocratic actors»Dina skattepengar ska inte försvinna i korruption eller hamna i fickorna på odemokratiska ledare« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Your tax money shall not vanish in corruption or end up in the pockets of undemocratic leaders”
- humanitarian support to civilians»Öka andelen humanitärt bistånd i den svenska biståndsbudgeten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase the share of humanitarian aid in the Swedish aid budget”
- strong voice for human rights»Sverige ska vara en stark röst för frihet, demokrati och« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall be a strong voice for freedom, democracy and”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that Sweden cease financial and political support to countries and movements without genuine commitment to the rule of law, work for clear sanctions against countries with negative development and combat international terrorism and Islamism.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that Sweden cease financial and political support to countries and movements without genuine commitment to the rule of law, work for clear sanctions against countries with negative development and combat international terrorism and Islamism. Abandoning the JCPOA with an Iran that is not living up to its commitments, directing aid to Syria to civilians and recognizing the genocide of IS follow from these commitments. The plan furthermore argues that the pursued foreign policy has failed, which counters the committee's reasoning that the existing line is sufficient.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att Sverige upphör med finansiellt och politiskt stöd till länder och rörelser utan genuin rättsstatlig strävan, verkar för tydliga sanktioner mot länder med negativ utveckling och bekämpar internationell terrorism och islamism. Att överge JCPOA med ett Iran som inte lever upp till åtagandena, styra Syrienstödet till civila och erkänna IS folkmord följer av dessa åtaganden. Planen menar dessutom att den förda utrikespolitiken misslyckats, vilket bemöter utskottets skäl att den befintliga linjen räcker.
- conditional support to regimesdecisive»Sverige bör göra större åtskillnad i sin hållning till demokratiska värden och upphöra med finansiellt eller politiskt stöd till länder eller rörelser« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should make a greater distinction in its stance on democratic values and cease financial or political support to countries or movements”
- sanctions against authoritarian states»Sverige bör verka för tydliga sanktioner mot Turkiet, Belarus, Ryssland och andra länder med en negativ utveckling.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should work for clear sanctions against Turkey, Belarus, Russia and other countries with negative development.”
- combat Islamism»Bekämpa internationell terrorism och islamism« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Combat international terrorism and Islamism”
- no aid to Islamists»Stoppa allt bistånd till islamistiska organisationer eller regimer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop all aid to Islamist organizations or regimes”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:UU7)
- Committee report full text (HA01UU7)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1317 — Feministisk utrikespolitik av Aylin Fazelian (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1366 — En ny svensk Israelpolitik av Mikael Oscarsson och Magnus Oscarsson (båda KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1393 — Erkännande av Somaliland som en självständig stat av Ingemar Kihlström och Magnus Oscarsson (båda KD)
- Motion 2022/23:144 — Frigivande av Gui Minhai av Lawen Redar (S)
- Motion 2022/23:145 — Frigivande av Dawit Isaak av Lawen Redar (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1455 — Fred i Palestina av Jacob Risberg och Bassem Nasr (båda MP)
- Motion 2022/23:1584 — Ny utredning om vad som hände Raoul Wallenberg av Magnus Oscarsson (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1585 — Frisläppande av Dawit Isaak av Magnus Oscarsson (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1586 — Erkännande av Jerusalem som Israels huvudstad av Magnus Oscarsson och Dan Hovskär (båda KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1587 — Erkännande av folkmordet Seyfo av Magnus Oscarsson och Yusuf Aydin (båda KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1599 — Mandatet för Förenta Nationernas utredning av orsakerna till Dag Hammarskjölds död av Gudrun Brunegård (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1600 — Sanningskommission för Sveriges agerande kring Dag Hammarskjölds död av Gudrun Brunegård (KD)
- Motion 2022/23:1615 — Belarus av Martin Ådahl (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:173 — Verka för att Taiwan tillåts delta i WHO av Björn Söder (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:174 — Strategi för inlemmande av Taiwan i internationella organisationer av Björn Söder (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1746 — Folkambassader av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1748 — Erkännande av folkmord av Rasmus Giertz m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1749 — Sverigedemokraternas biståndspolitik av Mats Nordberg m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:175 — Minnesdag tillägnad kommunismens offer av Björn Söder (SD)
Source: The Swedish Parliament