2026-03-112025/26:KU28 · p.22KUConstitution

Rights of Nature

Rights of nature in the constitution

What's at stake: A constitutional amendment would mark a principled shift in which ecosystems and nature are given their own legal rights, which could affect how environmental concerns are weighed against other interests in future legislation and legal proceedings.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the government should investigate how the rights of nature could be incorporated into the constitution, or whether the current regulation should remain unchanged.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee maintains its previous position and sees no reason to initiate an inquiry into how the rights of nature could be incorporated into the constitution, and therefore rejects the motion.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 15 (MP)

The reservation wants the government to investigate how the rights of nature could be incorporated into the constitution, pointing to countries such as Ecuador and Colombia that have already recognized nature as a legal subject, and argues that such a shift is an important step toward a sustainable future.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 15 by MP.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 18/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SYesYes 89/0/0/17follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPown reservationNoNo 0/15/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
LYesYes 13/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highnot addressed
MYesYes 56/0/0/12follows the planconfidence: highnot addressed
SDYesYes 62/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

Parliament rejects motion 2025/26:3779 by Rebecka Le Moine et al. (MP).

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2025/26:3779 av Rebecka Le Moine m.fl. (MP).

Riksdag decision: Parliament said no to about 60 proposals in motions from the general motion period of 2025 concerning freedoms and rights. The proposals concern, among other things, threats based on religious belief and against elected officials, the safety and security work of religious communities, the protection of property rights, a ban on racist organizations and the protection of academic freedom., Parliament refers, among other things, to previous positions and ongoing work.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan is an ecologically grounded programme that describes the situation as a climate emergency and demands strong protection of nature and biological diversity.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is an ecologically grounded programme that describes the situation as a climate emergency and demands strong protection of nature and biological diversity. It also shows that the party sees the Constitution as a tool for establishing fundamental rights, through the demand to write the right to abortion into it. An investigation of nature's rights in the constitution is therefore in line with the plan's principles, even if that specific question is not addressed.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är ett ekologiskt grundat program som beskriver läget som ett klimatnödläge och kräver ett starkt skydd av natur och biologisk mångfald. Den visar också att partiet ser grundlagen som ett verktyg för att befästa grundläggande rättigheter, genom kravet att skriva in aborträtten där. En utredning av naturens rättigheter i regeringsformen ligger därmed i linje med planens principer, även om just den frågan inte behandlas.

  • climate emergencydecisive»Vi befinner oss i ett klimatnödläge.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We find ourselves in a climate emergency.”
  • protection of nature»Skyddet av skogs- och strandområden är en viktig del för att värna den svenska allemansrätten och den biologiska mångfalden.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Protection of forest and coastal areas is an important part of safeguarding the Swedish right to roam and biological diversity.”
  • constitutional protection for rights»vill därför skriva in den i grundlagen.« (party programme ↗)“therefore wants to write it into the Constitution.”
  • Constitution's protective role»Grundlagarna ska värna demokratin och människors fri- och« (party programme ↗)“The Constitutions shall safeguard democracy and people's freedom and”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan does not address nature's rights, and in the enumeration of what shall be protected in the constitution, nature as a legal subject is missing.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address nature's rights, and in the enumeration of what shall be protected in the constitution, nature as a legal subject is missing. Nature protection shall, according to the plan, be driven through political direction, climate perspective in all decisions and protection of biological diversity, with popular sovereignty and parliamentary democracy as the foundation for power. The nearest principle therefore speaks against moving the trade-off to the constitution by making nature a legal subject.

Original (Swedish)

Planen tar inte upp naturens rättigheter, och i uppräkningen av vad som ska skyddas i grundlag saknas naturen som rättssubjekt. Naturskyddet ska enligt planen drivas genom politisk styrning, klimatperspektiv i alla beslut och värn av biologisk mångfald, med folkstyret och den parlamentariska demokratin som grund för makten. Närmast liggande princip talar därför emot att flytta avvägningen till grundlagen genom att göra naturen till rättssubjekt.

  • popular sovereignty and parliamentarismdecisive»ser principen om att all offentlig makt utgår från folket och den parlamentariska demokratin« (party programme ↗)“sees the principle that all public power emanates from the people and parliamentary democracy”
  • climate perspective in all decisions»Klimatperspektiv på alla nivåer av beslut och beslutsfattande.« (party programme ↗)“Climate perspective at all levels of decision-making.”
  • protection of biological diversity»Värn av biologisk mångfald och Sveriges värdefulla natur och vattenmiljöer.« (party programme ↗)“Protection of biological diversity and Sweden's valuable nature and water environments.”
MPMiljöpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto binds the party to Sweden working for ecocide legislation, and the party programme establishes that all life has intrinsic value and that animals have their own rights.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto binds the party to Sweden working for ecocide legislation, and the party programme establishes that all life has intrinsic value and that animals have their own rights. Investigating how the rights of nature can be incorporated into the constitution is a direct consequence of that stance and of the fact that the planet's boundaries are not considered negotiable. The constitutional question is not mentioned explicitly, so the conclusion is inferred.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet binder partiet vid att Sverige ska verka för en ekocidlagstiftning, och partiprogrammet slår fast att allt levande har ett egenvärde och att djur har egna rättigheter. Att utreda hur naturens rättigheter kan föras in i grundlagen är ett direkt utflöde av den hållningen och av att planetens gränser inte anses förhandlingsbara. Grundlagsfrågan nämns inte uttryckligen, därför härledning.

  • ecocide legislationdecisive»att Sverige verkar för en ekocidlagstiftning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“that Sweden works for ecocide legislation”
  • nature's intrinsic value»Vår vision är att människor ska leva i balans med naturen. Allt levande har ett egenvärde,« (party programme ↗)“Our vision is that people shall live in balance with nature. All life has intrinsic value,”
  • animals have their own rights»kännande varelser med ett egenvärde och med egna rättigheter« (party programme ↗)“sentient beings with intrinsic value and with their own rights”
  • the planet's boundaries binding»självklarhet att planetens gränser inte är förhandlingsbara« (party programme ↗)“given that the planet's boundaries are not negotiable”
CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan bases nature protection on strong property rights, pricing of emissions and valuation of ecosystem services, not on nature being made a rights-bearing subject.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan bases nature protection on strong property rights, pricing of emissions and valuation of ecosystem services, not on nature being made a rights-bearing subject. The election manifesto also wants to make it harder to change the fundamental law and lists the rights the party wants to give constitutional protection; nature's rights are not among them. The plan therefore speaks against such a fundamental law change being inquired into, but the evidence is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger naturskyddet på stark äganderätt, prissättning av utsläpp och värdering av ekosystemtjänster, inte på att naturen görs till rättssubjekt. Valmanifestet vill dessutom göra det svårare att ändra grundlagen och räknar upp de rättigheter partiet vill grundlagsskydda; naturens rättigheter finns inte bland dem. Planen talar därför emot att en sådan grundlagsändring utreds, men underlaget är svagt.

  • restrictive view of constitutional amendmentsdecisive»Vi vill göra det svårare att ändra grundlagen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to make it harder to change the fundamental law”
  • strong property rights»Brott mot äganderätten, med konfiskatoriska och godtyckliga beskattningar och ingrepp« (party programme ↗)“Infringement of property rights, through confiscatory and arbitrary taxation and intervention”
  • pricing instead of new rights-bearing subjects»Ytterst är lösningen i klimatfrågan att få till stånd en global prissättning på koldioxid« (party programme ↗)“Ultimately the solution in climate matters is to achieve global pricing of carbon dioxide”
  • selected rights in the fundamental law»grundlagsskydda rätten till abort och reproduktiv hälsa« (2022 manifesto ↗)“provide constitutional protection for the right to abortion and reproductive health”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the rights of nature.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the rights of nature. Its governing principle is that the individual human being is the starting point and that constitutional protection applies to individual freedoms and rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of religion and property rights. To make nature a legal subject in the constitution lies outside that order, and the plan explicitly rejects symbolic politics in environmental matters.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte naturens rättigheter. Dess bärande princip är att den enskilda människan är utgångspunkten och att grundlagsskyddet gäller individuella fri- och rättigheter som yttrandefrihet, religionsfrihet och äganderätt. Att göra naturen till rättssubjekt i regeringsformen ligger utanför den ordningen, och planen tar uttryckligen avstånd från symbolpolitik på miljöområdet.

  • the individual as starting pointdecisive»Den enskilda människan är liberalismens utgångspunkt.« (party programme ↗)“The individual human being is liberalism's starting point.”
  • constitutional protection for individual rights»Kvinnans rätt att bestämma över sin kropp ska skyddas i grundlagen tillsammans med andra fri- och rättigheter som yttrandefrihet, religionsfrihet och äganderätt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Woman's right to decide over her body shall be protected in the constitution together with other freedoms and rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of religion and property rights.”
  • individual rights in constitution»Grundlagsskyddet för demokratin och de individuella fri- och rättigheterna ska vara starkt.« (party programme ↗)“Constitutional protection for democracy and individual freedoms and rights shall be strong.”
  • rejects symbolic politics»Liberal miljöpolitik tar avstånd från symbolpolitik« (party programme ↗)“Liberal environmental policy rejects symbolic politics”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The party programme explicitly turns against ecosophy, where mankind is reduced to a link in the cycle without specific value, and establishes that it would be wrong to extend man's status to other living beings.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly turns against ecosophy, where mankind is reduced to a link in the cycle without specific value, and establishes that it would be wrong to extend man's status to other living beings. Nature should be managed by man, not made a subject of rights, and the constitution's task is stated to be to secure individual human rights. Examining nature's rights in the constitution of government therefore contradicts the plan's view of mankind.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet vänder sig uttryckligen mot ekosofismen, där människan reduceras till en länk i kretsloppet utan specifikt värde, och slår fast att det vore felaktigt att utvidga människans status till annat levande. Naturen ska förvaltas av människan, inte göras till rättssubjekt, och grundlagens uppgift anges vara att säkerställa den enskilda människans rättigheter. Att utreda naturens rättigheter i regeringsformen strider därför mot planens människosyn.

  • avvisar ekosofismdecisive»ekosofismen, där människan varken tillåts ingripa i naturen eller förvalta« (party programme ↗)“ecosophy, where man is neither allowed to intervene in nature nor manage”
  • människans särställning»vore det felaktigt att utvidga den status som« (party programme ↗)“it would be wrong to extend the status that”
  • förvaltarskap över skapelsen»Med detta menas att människan är förvaltare av – och inte herre« (party programme ↗)“This means that man is steward of – and not master”
  • grundlagen skyddar människan»Grundlagen ska säkerställa de rättigheter som alltid ska finnas för den enskilda människan« (party programme ↗)“The constitution should secure the rights that should always exist for the individual”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that humans are the starting point of environmental policy and that environmental policy starts from humans and their right to own and use nature.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that humans are the starting point of environmental policy and that environmental policy starts from humans and their right to own and use nature. To make nature a legal subject in the Constitution breaks with this starting point and against the principle that freedoms and rights belong to individuals. The Constitution's rights catalogue should according to the plan protect individual humans, not collective or non-human subjects.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att människan är miljöpolitikens utgångspunkt och att miljöpolitiken utgår från människan och hennes rätt att äga och bruka naturen. Att göra naturen till rättssubjekt i grundlagen bryter mot denna utgångspunkt och mot principen att fri- och rättigheter tillhör individer. Grundlagens rättighetskatalog ska enligt planen skydda enskilda människor, inte kollektiva eller icke-mänskliga subjekt.

  • humans in focusdecisive»Människan måste vara miljöpolitikens utgångspunkt.« (party programme ↗)“Humans must be the starting point of environmental policy.”
  • humans before nature's rights»Vår miljöpolitik tar sin utgångspunkt i människan samt i naturen och dess rika tillgångar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our environmental policy takes its starting point in humans and in nature and its rich resources.”
  • rights belong to individuals»Fri- och rättigheter tillhör individer och aldrig« (party programme ↗)“Freedoms and rights belong to individuals and never”
  • strong property rights»Människors rätt att äga ska värnas så att skogen kan brukas långsiktigt och hållbart till nytta för klimatet och miljön.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“People's right to own shall be protected so that forests can be used sustainably and responsibly for the benefit of the climate and environment.”
SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan's constitutional ambition is to strengthen protection for civil rights such as freedom of expression and property rights, not to make nature into a legal subject.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's constitutional ambition is to strengthen protection for civil rights such as freedom of expression and property rights, not to make nature into a legal subject. Giving nature its own rights in the Constitution would conversely potentially curtail the landowner's right to manage their forest and land, which the plan explicitly values. The plan also advocates cautious progress in small steps. Therefore, the plan opposes the counter-proposal's demands.

Original (Swedish)

Planens grundlagsambition är att stärka skyddet för medborgerliga rättigheter som yttrandefrihet och äganderätt, inte att göra naturen till rättssubjekt. Att ge naturen egna rättigheter i regeringsformen skulle tvärtom kunna beskära markägarens rätt att bruka sin skog och mark, vilket planen uttryckligen värnar. Planen förespråkar dessutom ett försiktigt framåtskridande i små steg. Därför talar planen emot motförslagets krav.

  • constitutional protection of civil rightsdecisive»Förstärka grundlagens rättighetsskydd vad gäller yttrandefrihet, äganderätt och frihet från religion« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the Constitution's protection of rights regarding freedom of expression, property rights and freedom of religion”
  • right to manage the forest»Värna skogsägarnas rätt att bruka sina skogar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Protect the rights of forest owners to manage their forests”
  • strengthened property rights»Stärka äganderätten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen property rights”
  • cautious progress»Sverigedemokraterna eftersträvar ett försiktigt framåtskridande som baseras på« (party programme ↗)“Sweden Democrats pursue cautious progress based on”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament