2024-04-032023/24:KU16 · p.1KUConstitution

Membership in the European Union

Popular influence over Sweden's EU membership

What's at stake: The question concerns how much influence citizens should have over future transfers of power to the EU, and whether Sweden's negotiating position vis-à-vis other member states would be strengthened by clearer popular anchoring, for instance through an expanded right of veto or referendum.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether Sweden's EU membership should be removed from the constitution and direct popular influence over membership strengthened, for example through an expanded anchoring process or referendums on major EU reforms, or whether the committee's previous positions on the matter should stand.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee maintains its previous positions that EU membership should not be written into the constitution and sees no reason to take the initiative to increase direct popular influence over membership or to change the subsidiarity review.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (SD)

The reservation (SD) wants an inquiry into a developed and expanded anchoring process, or alternatively a model with referendums, to strengthen the Swedish government's negotiating position and popular anchoring of Sweden's EU membership, with the possibility for Sweden to exercise a veto on matters not properly anchored with the public.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: highderived
SYesYes 92/0/0/14follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
MPNoYes 14/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
CYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
KDNoYes 15/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
MYesYes 60/0/0/8follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDown reservationNoNo 0/63/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:56 by Björn Söder (SD) call 1 and 2023/24:2688 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) call 1.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:56 av Björn Söder (SD) yrkande 1 och 2023/24:2688 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkande 1.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 90 proposals in motions on constitutional issues from the general motion period 2023. The motions addressed membership in the EU, subsidiarity assessment within the EU and party financing, regulation of lobbyists and changes in legislation on waiting periods for government ministers and senior civil servants. The Riksdag pointed to ongoing work.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme drives the demand for Swedish withdrawal from the EU, opposes proposals that increase EU's power and rejects supranational bodies that violate the sovereignty of democratically elected parliaments.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme drives the demand for Swedish withdrawal from the EU, opposes proposals that increase EU's power and rejects supranational bodies that violate the sovereignty of democratically elected parliaments. The counter-proposal wants to investigate expanded popular anchorage, alternatively referendums, and a veto option in unanchored matters, which is in the plan's direction of moving power back to the people and member states. The plan also emphasises that popular sovereignty is exercised through the national parliament.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet driver kravet på svenskt utträde ur EU, motsätter sig förslag som ökar EU:s makt och avvisar överstatliga organ som kränker de folkvalda parlamentens suveränitet. Motförslaget vill utreda en utvidgad folklig förankring, alternativt folkomröstningar, och en vetomöjlighet i oförankrade ärenden, vilket ligger i planens riktning att flytta makt tillbaka till folket och medlemsländerna. Planen betonar också att folksuveräniteten utövas genom det nationella parlamentet.

  • Swedish EU withdrawaldecisive»Vänsterpartiet driver kravet om ett svenskt utträde ur EU.« (party programme ↗)“The Left Party drives the demand for Swedish withdrawal from the EU.”
  • national popular sovereignty»Överstatliga organ som kränker de nationella folkvalda parlamentens suveränitet är ingen hållbar lösning.« (party programme ↗)“Supranational bodies that violate the sovereignty of nationally elected parliaments are not a sustainable solution.”
  • opposition to increased EU power»I det dagliga arbetet motsätter sig Vänsterpartiet generellt förslag som ökar EU:s makt« (party programme ↗)“In its daily work, the Left Party generally opposes proposals that increase EU's power”
  • referendum as legitimacy basis»Vi respekterar resultatet i folkomröstningen 1994 men har inte« (party programme ↗)“We respect the result of the 1994 referendum but have not”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan establishes that for effective cooperation, it is necessary that member states transfer some of their power to the EU's decision-making bodies, and sees EU cooperation as the foundation for solving the most difficult problems of our time.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that for effective cooperation, it is necessary that member states transfer some of their power to the EU's decision-making bodies, and sees EU cooperation as the foundation for solving the most difficult problems of our time. A model with referendums and veto in matters not considered anchored pulls in the opposite direction. The plan instead wants to achieve popular influence through a more open and democratic EU and through the principle of subsidiarity.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att det för ett effektivt samarbete är nödvändigt att medlemsländerna överlämnar en del av sin makt till EU:s beslutande organ, och ser EU-samarbetet som grunden för att lösa vår tids svåraste problem. En modell med folkomröstningar och veto i ärenden som inte anses förankrade drar åt motsatt håll. Planen vill i stället nå folkligt inflytande genom ett öppnare och mer demokratiskt EU och genom subsidiaritetsprincipen.

  • power is transferred to the EUdecisive»är det nödvändigt att medlemsländerna överlämnar en del av sin makt till EU:s« (party programme ↗)“is it necessary that member states transfer some of their power to the EU's”
  • EU cooperation is the foundation»Vi är övertygade om att EU-samarbetet är grunden för att lösa många av vår tids svåraste problem.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are convinced that EU cooperation is the foundation for solving many of the most difficult problems of our time.”
  • more open and more democratic EU»Vi socialdemokrater vill att EU ska bli öppnare och mer demokratiskt.« (party programme ↗)“We social democrats want the EU to become more open and more democratic.”
  • the principle of subsidiarity shall be followed»Den så kallade subsidiaritetsprincipen ska följas.« (party programme ↗)“The so-called principle of subsidiarity shall be followed.”
MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme states that referendums shall be held on important questions if a certain proportion of citizens request it, that the EU's democratic shortcomings shall be countered and that popular influence in the union is far too limited.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme states that referendums shall be held on important questions if a certain proportion of citizens request it, that the EU's democratic shortcomings shall be countered and that popular influence in the union is far too limited. A developed anchoring process or referendum model for EU membership follows from these commitments and from the EU-critical, decentralist basic view.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast att folkomröstningar ska hållas i viktiga frågor om en viss andel medborgare efterfrågar det, att EU:s demokratiska brister ska motverkas och att det folkliga inflytandet i unionen är alltför begränsat. En utvecklad förankringsprocess eller folkomröstningsmodell för EU-medlemskapet följer av dessa åtaganden och av den EU-kritiska, decentralistiska grundsynen.

  • referendums on important questionsdecisive»Om en viss andel medborgare efterfrågar det ska folkomröstningar hållas i viktiga« (party programme ↗)“If a certain proportion of citizens request it referendums shall be held on important”
  • counter the EU's democratic shortcomings»Vi arbetar för att motverka EU:s demokratiska« (party programme ↗)“We work to counter the EU's democratic”
  • EU-critical decentralism»Utifrån vår decentralistiska grundsyn är vi ett EUkritiskt parti och därför arbetar vi för att förändra« (party programme ↗)“On the basis of our decentralist basic view we are an EU-critical party and therefore we work to change”
  • insight and popular influence»Medborgarna ska garanteras insyn och kunna påverka« (party programme ↗)“Citizens shall be guaranteed insight and be able to influence”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The party programme's answer to lack of popular backing in the EU is increased transparency and citizens' direct influence, explicitly not new barriers between countries.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme's answer to lack of popular backing in the EU is increased transparency and citizens' direct influence, explicitly not new barriers between countries. A model with referendums and veto in matters not deemed to have backing is precisely such a barrier, and it would counteract the plan's requirement for stronger joint policy on climate, free trade and cross-border crime. The requirement is therefore rejected in substance.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammets svar på bristande folkförankring i EU är ökad transparens och medborgarnas direkta inflytande, uttryckligen inte nya barriärer mellan länder. En modell med folkomröstningar och veto i ärenden som inte anses förankrade är just en sådan barriär, och den skulle motverka planens krav på kraftfullare gemensam politik för klimat, frihandel och gränsöverskridande brottslighet. Kravet avvisas därför i sak.

  • no new barriers in EUdecisive»Lösningen är inte att resa nya barriärer mellan länder utan att öka« (party programme ↗)“The solution is not to raise new barriers between countries but to increase”
  • stronger common EU policy»På områden som klimatomställningen, frihandeln och den gränsöverskridande brottsligheten bör den gemensamma politiken bli kraftfullare« (party programme ↗)“In areas such as climate transition, free trade and cross-border crime, joint policy should become stronger”
  • democratic control of EU level»demokratisk kontroll kommer ställa högre krav på vilka frågor som tillåts flytta upp på EU-nivå« (party programme ↗)“democratic control will place higher demands on which questions are allowed to move up to the EU level”
  • narrower but sharper EU»EU måste bli smalare, men vassare, göra färre saker men göra dem bättre.« (party programme ↗)“The EU must become narrower, but sharper, do fewer things but do them better.”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan wants the veto right in the Council to be abolished and Sweden to participate fully and be part of the EU core, with a vision of a federal Europe.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants the veto right in the Council to be abolished and Sweden to participate fully and be part of the EU core, with a vision of a federal Europe. A model with referendums and the possibility of inserting a veto in matters not considered publicly supported goes straight against this commitment. The plan addresses the democracy question instead through an open and democratic union and stronger national parliaments, not through veto threats.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att vetorätten i ministerrådet avskaffas och att Sverige deltar fullt ut och hör till EU:s kärna, med visionen om ett federalt Europa. En modell med folkomröstningar och möjlighet att lägga in veto i ärenden som inte anses folkligt förankrade går rakt emot detta åtagande. Planen möter i stället demokratifrågan genom en öppen och demokratisk union och starkare nationella parlament, inte genom vetohot.

  • abolished veto rightdecisive»vetorätten i ministerrådet bör avskaffas« (party programme ↗)“the veto right in the Council should be abolished”
  • deepened EU cooperation»Europa behöver mer – inte mindre – samarbete.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Europe needs more – not less – cooperation.”
  • federal Europe»Vår vision är ett federalt Europa« (party programme ↗)“Our vision is a federal Europe”
  • democratic union»EU ska vara en union som är öppen och demokratisk« (party programme ↗)“The EU should be a union that is open and democratic”
KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme wants referendums to be able to be used at the national level and that strong public opinion shall be able to be heard, and bases EU policy on a citizens' Europe with an understandable decision-making process and limited EU competence.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme wants referendums to be able to be used at the national level and that strong public opinion shall be able to be heard, and bases EU policy on a citizens' Europe with an understandable decision-making process and limited EU competence. That supports the idea that a developed anchoring process is examined. However, the plan's strong pro-EU stance makes the veto part of the requirement difficult to reconcile, which is why confidence is low.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet vill att folkomröstningar ska kunna användas på nationell nivå och att en stark opinion ska kunna få gehör, samt bygger EU-politiken på ett medborgarnas Europa med överblickbar beslutsprocess och avgränsad EU-kompetens. Det talar för att en utvecklad förankringsprocess utreds. Planens starka EU-vänlighet gör dock vetodelen av kravet svårförenlig, varför säkerheten är låg.

  • referendum as a tooldecisive»Folkomröstningar ska kunna användas både på nationell och lokal nivå.« (party programme ↗)“Referendums shall be able to be used at both national and local levels.”
  • citizens' Europe»Vi vill skapa ett medborgarnas Europa« (party programme ↗)“We want to create a citizens' Europe”
  • democratic control of the EU»Beslutsprocessen måste vara överblickbar för medborgarna och därmed ge möjlighet att utkräva ansvar.« (party programme ↗)“The decision-making process must be understandable to citizens and thus provide the opportunity to hold to account.”
  • limited EU competence»vilka EU:s kompetensområden är, och vilka de inte är.« (party programme ↗)“which the EU's areas of competence are, and which they are not.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that EU cooperation is the core of Sweden's international engagement, that EU together with NATO is the most important cooperation, and that the party wants to deepen it.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that EU cooperation is the core of Sweden's international engagement, that EU together with NATO is the most important cooperation, and that the party wants to deepen it. A model with referendums and vetoes on matters not considered to have popular support would weaken precisely that engagement. The plan's answer to the anchoring question is instead subsidiarity — that decisions are made at the lowest possible level — not new veto mechanisms.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att EU-samarbetet är kärnan i Sveriges internationella engagemang, att EU tillsammans med Nato är det viktigaste samarbetet och att partiet vill fördjupa det. En modell med folkomröstningar och veto i ärenden som inte anses folkligt förankrade skulle försvaga just det engagemanget. Planens svar på förankringsfrågan är i stället subsidiaritet — att beslut fattas på lägsta möjliga nivå — inte nya vetomekanismer.

  • EU as the core of foreign policydecisive»EU-samarbetet är kärnan i Sveriges ekonomiska och politiska internationella engagemang« (party programme ↗)“EU cooperation is the core of Sweden's economic and political international engagement”
  • EU the most important cooperation»EU är tillsammans med Nato vårt allra viktigaste internationella samarbete.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“EU is together with NATO our most important international cooperation.”
  • subsidiarity before veto»Beslut ska fattas på lägsta möjliga nivå, så nära medborgarna som möjligt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Decisions shall be made at the lowest possible level, as close to the citizens as possible.”
  • member states' sovereignty»Men EU ska aldrig utvecklas på medlemsstaternas bekostnad.« (party programme ↗)“But EU should never develop at the expense of the member states.”
SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly requires a referendum instrument that gives the Swedish people the opportunity to make their voice heard before power transfers to Brussels are approved by the Riksdag, precisely to strengthen Sweden's negotiating position.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly requires a referendum instrument that gives the Swedish people the opportunity to make their voice heard before power transfers to Brussels are approved by the Riksdag, precisely to strengthen Sweden's negotiating position. The counter-proposal's requirement for a developed anchoring process or referendum model with veto possibility is the same thing in substance. The party programme also favors more binding referendums.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver uttryckligen ett folkomröstningsinstrument som ger svenska folket möjlighet att göra sin röst hörd innan maktförskjutningar till Bryssel godkänns av riksdagen, just i syfte att stärka den svenska förhandlingspositionen. Motförslagets krav på en utvecklad förankringsprocess eller folkomröstningsmodell med vetomöjlighet är samma sak i sak. Partiprogrammet förordar dessutom fler beslutande folkomröstningar.

  • referendum instrument on EUdecisive»Sverigedemokraterna vill stärka den svenska förhandlingspositionen i EU genom ett folkomröstningsinstrument som ger svenska folket möjlighet att göra sin röst hörd innan förslag på maktförskjutning till Bryssel godkänns av Riksdagen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats wish to strengthen Sweden's negotiating position in the EU through a referendum instrument that gives the Swedish people the opportunity to make their voice heard before proposals on power transfers to Brussels are approved by the Riksdag.”
  • popular anchoring of EU choices»Stärka Sveriges förhandlingsposition i EU genom ett folkomröstningsinstrument som ger svenska folket möjlighet att ta ställning till avgörande vägval i EU« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen Sweden's negotiating position in the EU through a referendum instrument that gives the Swedish people the opportunity to take a stand on decisive choices in the EU”
  • intergovernmentalism and voter influence»Återupprätta mellanstatligheten och stärka väljarnas påverkansmöjligheter« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Restore intergovernmentalism and strengthen voters' influence possibilities”
  • more binding referendums»Vi förordar också starkare inslag av direktdemokrati och ställer oss positiva till fler beslutande folkomröstningar på både lokal, regional och nationell nivå.« (party programme ↗)“We also favor stronger elements of direct democracy and are positive to more binding referendums at local, regional and national levels.”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament