2023-04-192022/23:AU7 · p.5AULabour market
Gender equality in working life etc.
Gender equality in working life - the pay gap, quotas and positive treatment
What's at stake: How questions of equal pay, quotas and the gender balance in occupations such as farming and construction are handled affects women's and men's economic conditions and career opportunities throughout their working lives.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether further government inquiries and measures - including on quotas and positive treatment based on sex and on women's conditions in particular industries - are needed to reduce the pay gap and increase equality in working life, or whether ongoing work and existing rules are sufficient.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee rejects all the motions. On the pay gap between women and men, the committee points out that employers' statutory pay surveys, an inquiry proposal on better compliance with the rules on active measures now being processed by the government offices, the Mediation Office's pay analyses and an upcoming EU directive on pay transparency are already tools for addressing the problem, and therefore sees no reason for a formal call to the government. On quotas and positive treatment, the committee considers the current arrangement, in which positive treatment is permitted within the limits of the Discrimination Act, to be well balanced and not in need of change. On gender gaps in sectors such as farming and construction, the committee points to ongoing work on gender gaps in educational choice and does not see a need for further initiatives.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 11 (SD)
The reservation (SD) calls for the government to phase out all forms of quotas and positive treatment based on sex in the public sector, arguing that such treatment puts group membership ahead of the individual. The reservation also calls for the effects of the annual pay surveys to be evaluated regularly, and for the government to take measures - such as more full-time employment, higher guaranteed pensions and higher maintenance support - to increase economic equality between the sexes, and for an inquiry into whether women and men have equal opportunities to become farmers, arguing that too little is known about why so few women work as farmers.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 11 by SD.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | Yes | Yes 21/0/0/3 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| S | Yes | Yes 93/0/0/14 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | Yes | Abstain 0/0/16/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/21/3 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: low | derived |
| KD | No | Yes 17/0/0/2 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | No | Yes 59/0/0/9 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | No | No 0/64/0/9 | follows the plan | confidence: high | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:852 by Jonny Cato et al. (C) demand 15, 2022/23:909 by Alireza Akhondi et al. (C) demands 21 and 22, 2022/23:957 by Michael Rubbestad et al. (SD) demands 1 and 6, 2022/23:985 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) demand 33, 2022/23:1673 by Annie Lööf et al. (C) demands 24 and 41-43 and 2022/23:2277 by Märta Stenevi et al. (MP) demands 9 and 12.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:852 av Jonny Cato m.fl. (C) yrkande 15, 2022/23:909 av Alireza Akhondi m.fl. (C) yrkandena 21 och 22, 2022/23:957 av Michael Rubbestad m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1 och 6, 2022/23:985 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkande 33, 2022/23:1673 av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C) yrkandena 24 och 41-43 samt 2022/23:2277 av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 9 och 12.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag directed a formal statement (tillkännagivande) to the government to implement a zero vision for violence in close relationships. This statement came in connection with the Riksdag treating approximately 80 proposals in motions from the 2022 ordinary motion period on gender equality and measures against discrimination. The Riksdag rejected proposals in other motions, citing, among other things, ongoing work. The motions address, for example, the establishment of inquiries in the area of gender equality policy, work against men's violence against women and against honour-related violence and oppression, measures for gender equality in working life, and various initiatives to counteract discrimination in society.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to eliminate all forms of gender-based quotas and positive discrimination in public sector and to conduct an investigation into whether opportunities to become farmers differ between women and men. (SD) — Reservation 11
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan rests on the understanding that women's subordination is structural and that an expansion of women's power and income necessarily means a restriction for men.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan rests on the understanding that women's subordination is structural and that an expansion of women's power and income necessarily means a restriction for men. Dismantling all quotas and positive special treatment therefore goes against the plan's feminist strategy. The plan's tools are instead annual pay surveys, a statutory right to full-time work, and wages in female-dominated sectors rising faster — parts that lie close to the counter-proposal's other requirements.
Original (Swedish)
Planen bygger på att kvinnors underordning är strukturell och att en utvidgning av kvinnors makt och inkomster nödvändigtvis innebär en inskränkning för män. Att avveckla all kvotering och positiv särbehandling går därför emot planens feministiska strategi. Planens verktyg är i stället årliga lönekartläggningar, lagfäst rätt till heltid och att lönerna i kvinnodominerade branscher får öka snabbare — delar som ligger nära motförslagets övriga krav.
- redistribution of power between gendersdecisive»En utvidgning av kvinnors makt, inflytande, utrymme och inkomster kommer att innebära en inskränkning för män.« (party programme ↗)“An expansion of women's power, influence, space and income will mean a restriction for men.”
- raised wages in female occupations»För att komma tillrätta med den strukturella undervärderingen av kvinnors arbete, måste lönerna i de kvinnodominerade branscherna framöver kunna öka snabbare än i de mansdominerade.« (party programme ↗)“To address the structural undervaluation of women's work, wages in female-dominated sectors must be able to rise faster than in male-dominated ones going forward.”
- individualized parental insurance and full-time work»Strategiskt viktiga reformer för att öka jämställdheten både i familjelivet och på arbetsmarknaden är en individualiserad föräldraförsäkring och en stärkt lagfäst rätt till heltid, med möjlighet till avtalad deltid.« (party programme ↗)“Strategically important reforms to increase equality both in family life and on the labour market are an individualized parental insurance and a strengthened statutory right to full-time work, with the possibility of agreed part-time work.”
- annual pay surveys»Krav ska ställas på arbetsköparna att genomföra årliga lönekartläggningar vilka kan bidra till att uppmärksamma diskriminering.« (party programme ↗)“Demands must be placed on employers to conduct annual pay surveys which can help draw attention to discrimination.”
The counter-proposal's main demand is to abolish all quotas and positive discrimination based on gender, arguing that group affiliation must not take precedence over the individual.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal's main demand is to abolish all quotas and positive discrimination based on gender, arguing that group affiliation must not take precedence over the individual. This contradicts the party programme's analysis of gender power relations as a structural hierarchy that requires deliberate measures, and contradicts the fact that the party is explicitly feminist. Parts of the counter-proposal - more full-time employment - are supported by the plan, but the decisive demand is rejected.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslagets bärande krav är att avveckla all kvotering och positiv särbehandling på grund av kön, med argumentet att grupptillhörighet inte får gå före individen. Det strider mot partiprogrammets analys av könsmaktsordningen som en strukturell över- och underordning som kräver medvetna åtgärder, och mot att partiet uttalat är feministiskt. Delar av motförslaget - fler heltidsanställningar - stöds däremot av planen, men det avgörande kravet avvisas.
- gender power relations as a structuredecisive»En tydlig maktstruktur är det som kallas könsmaktsordningen« (party programme ↗)“A clear power structure is what is called gender power relations”
- feminist party»Med denna grundsyn är socialdemokratin ett feministiskt parti.« (party programme ↗)“With this foundation, social democracy is a feminist party.”
- active equality policy»Jämlikhetspolitik måste riktas mot alla former av över- och underordning, och dessa måste« (party programme ↗)“Equality policy must address all forms of hierarchy, and these must”
- more full-time employment»Vi vill att välfärden ska gå före och att fler ska kunna arbeta heltid i fasta jobb.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want welfare to come first and for more people to be able to work full-time in permanent jobs.”
The counter-proposal's bearing demand is that all gender quotas and positive discrimination based on gender shall be wound down.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The counter-proposal's bearing demand is that all gender quotas and positive discrimination based on gender shall be wound down. The plan says the opposite: that gender quotas are needed to achieve gender equality and that feminism must go further, which also strikes the committee's reasoning that the current order is well-balanced. The individual demands for more full-time work and raised guaranteed pension are however supported by the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Motförslagets bärande krav är att all kvotering och positiv särbehandling på grund av kön avvecklas. Planen säger tvärtom att könskvotering behövs för att uppnå jämställdhet och att feminismen måste gå längre, vilket också träffar utskottets skäl om att nuvarande ordning är väl avvägd. Delkraven om fler heltider och höjd garantipension stöds däremot av planen.
- quotas are neededdecisive»Könskvotering till bolagsstyrelser behövs för att uppnå jämställdhet.« (party programme ↗)“Gender quotas to company boards are needed to achieve gender equality.”
- feminism must go further»Feminismen har inte alls gått för långt, som vissa påstår. Tvärtom, den måste gå längre.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Feminism has not at all gone too far, as some claim. On the contrary, it must go further.”
- right to full-time»Anställda inom offentligt finansierad verksamhet ska ha rätt till heltid med möjligheten att gå ner till deltid.« (party programme ↗)“Employees in publicly financed operations shall have the right to full-time with the possibility to reduce to part-time.”
- raised guaranteed pension»höja garantipensionen och reformera pensionssystemet med syfte att höja pensionerna, mest för de med de lägsta pensionerna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“raise the guaranteed pension and reform the pension system with the aim of raising pensions, most for those with the lowest pensions.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan's liberal worldview is that people shall be treated as the individuals they are and not based on gender or group membership, which argues against quotas and positive discrimination in public operations.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's liberal worldview is that people shall be treated as the individuals they are and not based on gender or group membership, which argues against quotas and positive discrimination in public operations. At the same time, the plan drives economic equality through increased pensions for low-income earners and promotion of women's entrepreneurship, including in green industries. The counter-proposal's package thus aligns with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planens liberala grundsyn är att människor ska behandlas som de individer de är och inte utifrån kön eller grupptillhörighet, vilket talar mot kvotering och positiv särbehandling i offentlig verksamhet. Samtidigt driver planen ekonomisk jämställdhet genom höjda pensioner för dem med låga inkomster och främjande av kvinnors företagande, inklusive i de gröna näringarna. Motförslagets paket ligger därmed i linje med planen.
- individual before group membershipdecisive»I ett liberalt samhälle behandlas vi utifrån de individer vi är, inte utifrån vilket kön« (party programme ↗)“In a liberal society we are treated as the individuals we are, not based on which gender”
- group membership shall not determine»Varje individ har rätt att skapa sin egen identitet.« (party programme ↗)“Every individual has the right to create their own identity.”
- increased pensions for low income»Sveriges pensionärer ska ha god trygghet, nu och många år framöver. Därför bidrog Centerpartiet till en stor höjning av pensionerna, särskilt för dem med lägre inkomster.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden's pensioners shall have good security, now and many years forward. Therefore the Centre Party contributed to a major increase in pensions, especially for those with lower incomes.”
- women's entrepreneurship promoted»Även kvinnors företagande behöver främjas, med trygghetssystem anpassade till företagares villkor och en mer jämställd fördelning av det offentliga riskkapitalet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Women's entrepreneurship also needs to be promoted, with security systems adapted to entrepreneurs' conditions and a more equal distribution of public risk capital.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's idea of justice is equal conditions and not equal results, and it requires that the prohibition against gender discrimination be upheld in all areas of society, which speaks against quota and gender-based special treatment in public activities.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's idea of justice is equal conditions and not equal results, and it requires that the prohibition against gender discrimination be upheld in all areas of society, which speaks against quota and gender-based special treatment in public activities. The plan also shares the counter-proposal's requirement for measures against involuntary part-time work and for increased economic equality. At the same time, the plan wants public bodies to actively show the way in equal recruitment, which qualifies the assessment.
Original (Swedish)
Planens rättviseidé är lika förutsättningar och inte lika resultat, och den kräver att förbudet mot könsdiskriminering upprätthålls på alla samhällsområden, vilket talar mot kvotering och könsbaserad särbehandling i offentlig verksamhet. Planen delar också motförslagets krav på åtgärder mot ofrivillig deltid och på ökad ekonomisk jämställdhet. Samtidigt vill planen att det offentliga aktivt visar vägen i jämställd rekrytering, vilket kvalificerar bedömningen.
- equal conditions not equal resultsdecisive»Liberal rättvisa handlar om lika förutsättningar, inte om lika resultat.« (party programme ↗)“Liberal justice is about equal conditions, not equal results.”
- prohibition against gender discrimination»Förbudet mot könsdiskriminering ska upprätthållas på alla samhällsområden.« (party programme ↗)“The prohibition against gender discrimination shall be upheld in all areas of society.”
- liberal feminism»Feminism utan socialism.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Feminism without socialism.”
- counter involuntary part-time work»Arbetsgivare i offentligt finansierad verksamhet ska vara förebilder« (party programme ↗)“Employers in publicly funded activities shall be role models”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's view of humanity starts from the premise that each person is a unique and irreplaceable individual and opposes collectivism, which speaks against group membership determining in appointments.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's view of humanity starts from the premise that each person is a unique and irreplaceable individual and opposes collectivism, which speaks against group membership determining in appointments. Gender equality is defined as people regardless of sex having power to shape their own life. The election manifesto promises raised guaranteed pension, and the plan requires equal pay for equivalent work, which supports the counter-proposal's other demands.
Original (Swedish)
Planens människosyn utgår från att varje människa är en unik och oersättlig individ och vänder sig mot kollektivismen, vilket talar mot att grupptillhörighet avgör vid tillsättningar. Jämställdhet definieras som att människor oavsett kön har makt att forma sitt eget liv. Valmanifestet lovar höjd garantipension, och planen kräver lika lön för likvärdigt arbete, vilket bär motförslagets övriga krav.
- individual before group membershipdecisive»varje människa är en unik och oersättlig individ« (party programme ↗)“each person is a unique and irreplaceable individual”
- own power over life»Jämställdhet är att människor, oavsett kön, har makt« (party programme ↗)“Gender equality is that people, regardless of sex, have power”
- economic security for low-pension women»Höjd garantipension och höjt bostadstillägg för pensionärer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Raised guaranteed pension and raised housing allowance for pensioners.”
- equal pay for equivalent work»Principen om lika lön för likvärdigt arbete är« (party programme ↗)“The principle of equal pay for equivalent work is”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The programme states that freedoms and rights belong to individuals and never to collectives, and that everyone shall be assessed on their person and their actions, which is exactly the counter-proposal's objection to quotas and positive discrimination.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The programme states that freedoms and rights belong to individuals and never to collectives, and that everyone shall be assessed on their person and their actions, which is exactly the counter-proposal's objection to quotas and positive discrimination. The election manifesto also explicitly rejects quotas in schools and instead wants to achieve economic equality through concrete measures such as reduced involuntary part-time work.
Original (Swedish)
Programmet slår fast att fri- och rättigheter tillhör individer och aldrig kollektiv och att var och en ska bedömas utifrån sin person och sina handlingar, vilket är precis motförslagets invändning mot kvotering och positiv särbehandling. Valmanifestet avvisar också uttryckligen kvotering i skolan och vill i stället nå ekonomisk jämställdhet genom konkreta åtgärder som minskat ofrivilligt deltidsarbete.
- rights are individualdecisive»ett jämställt samhälle. Fri- och rättigheter tillhör individer och aldrig« (party programme ↗)“an equal society. Freedoms and rights belong to individuals and never”
- the individual before group membership»men också för allas rätt att bli bedömda utifrån sin person« (party programme ↗)“but also everyone's right to be assessed on their person”
- no to quotas»Stoppa alla förslag som rör tvångsbussning, kvotering och lottning av elever mellan skolor« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop all proposals regarding forced bussing, quotas and lottery of pupils between schools”
- more full-time positions for economic equality»Minska det ofrivilliga deltidsarbetet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce involuntary part-time work”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan states that equality is not achieved through political measures that should create identical outcomes at group level and that discrimination and special treatment based on gender should be counteracted, which supports the counter-proposal's demand to dismantle quotas and positive special treatment.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan states that equality is not achieved through political measures that should create identical outcomes at group level and that discrimination and special treatment based on gender should be counteracted, which supports the counter-proposal's demand to dismantle quotas and positive special treatment. The plan also wants to eliminate split shifts and raise pensions, which is close to demands for full-time employment and economic equality.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att jämställdhet inte nås genom politiska åtgärder som ska skapa samma utfall på gruppnivå och att diskriminering och särbehandling på grund av kön ska motverkas, vilket bär motförslagets krav på att avveckla kvotering och positiv särbehandling. Planen vill dessutom slopa delade turer och höja pensionerna, vilket ligger nära kraven om heltid och ekonomisk jämställdhet.
- against outcome-driven equalitydecisive»Riktig jämställdhet nås inte genom att vidta politiska åtgärder för att på gruppnivå skapa samma utfall mellan män och kvinnor, utan genom att ta krafttag mot samhällsfenomen som begränsar den enskilde.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“True equality is not achieved by taking political measures to create identical outcomes at group level between men and women, but by taking forceful action against social phenomena that restrict the individual.”
- against positive special treatment»Motverka diskriminering och särbehandling p.g.a. kön« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Counter discrimination and special treatment due to gender”
- better working conditions»Delade turer ska slopas och skiftarbete, främst inom vår vård och omsorg, behöver ses över.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Split shifts should be eliminated and shift work, especially in our care and nursing, needs to be reviewed.”
- raised pensions»Höja pensionerna« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Raise pensions”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:AU7)
- Committee report full text (HA01AU7)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1076 — Nolltolerans mot hederskulturens brott av Ann-Sofie Alm (M)
- Motion 2022/23:1120 — Nordiskt samarbete av Catarina Deremar m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1122 — Regelförenkling för bättre styrning och service och ökat företagande av Elisabeth Thand Ringqvist m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1188 — Internationell solidaritet - en stark röst för hbtq-plus-personers rättigheter av Anna Wallentheim m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1214 — Åtgärder för de nationella minoriteterna och minoritetsspråken av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1217 — Åtgärder med syfte att stoppa våldskulturen av Nooshi Dadgostar m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:122 — Mäns ekonomiska våld mot kvinnor av Aida Birinxhiku (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1232 — En funktionsrättspolitik för trygghet och delaktighet av Maj Karlsson m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1461 — Införande av jämlikhetsdata av Annika Hirvonen m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:1474 — Politik för de nationella minoriteterna av Amanda Lind m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:1635 — Företag inom besöksnäringen av Martina Johansson (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1674 — Förbättrad situation för personer i behov av ledar- eller assistanshund av Rickard Nordin och Ulrika Heie (båda C)
- Motion 2022/23:1680 — Situationen för kvinnor som tvingas leva gömda av Helena Vilhelmsson m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1688 — Politisk åsikt som diskrimineringsgrund i svensk diskrimineringslagstiftning av Eric Westroth (SD)
- Motion 2022/23:1693 — Ett sexuellt kulturskifte i förorterna av Robert Hannah och Juno Blom (båda L)
- Motion 2022/23:181 — Stärk demokratin och de mänskliga rättigheterna av Märta Stenevi m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:1882 — En starkare liberal demokrati av Malin Björk m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2034 — En nollvision för mäns våld mot kvinnor av Olle Thorell m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2053 — Utgiftsområde 13 Jämställdhet och nyanlända invandrares etablering av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S)
Source: The Swedish Parliament