2023-03-082022/23:CU7 · p.4CUCivil law & housing

Enforcement restrictions

The seizure exemption for damages – how broad should the protection be?

What's at stake: The decision determines how much protection an indebted person who has been awarded damages has against creditors seizing that money, which can particularly affect crime victims and other indebted people with limited assets.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the current protection against seizure of damages should be kept in its present, limited form for crime victims, or removed entirely so that all types of damages become seizable by all creditors.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee rejects the motion and stands by its earlier position. It notes that legislative changes have already narrowed the seizure exemption in favor of crime victims regarding compensation for wrongful deprivation of liberty, and that parliament has already tasked the government with reviewing whether the protection should be narrowed further specifically for crime victims – but not for creditors in general.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 3 (SD)

The reservation (SD) argues that the seizure exemption should be removed entirely for all types of damages, so that any damages awarded to a debtor can immediately be seized by all creditors – not only for the benefit of crime victims.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 3 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
SYesYes 91/0/0/16follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPYesYes 15/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
CYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: lowderived
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MNoYes 57/0/0/11departs from the planconfidence: lowderived
SDown reservationYesNo 0/64/0/9departs from the planconfidence: lowderived

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motion 2022/23:1007 by Mikael Eskilandersson et al. (SD) demand 13.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2022/23:1007 av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD) yrkande 13.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag said no to 30 proposals in motions that were submitted during the general motion period 2022. Some of the motions deal with compensation law issues, that is to say issues about insurance and damages. Other motions deal with insolvency and enforcement law issues, that is to say what should apply for persons and companies that cannot pay their debts. Among other things, new rules on damages to crime victims and on the possibility of debt relief are proposed.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the ban on wage garnishment, but its underlying principle is that needs, not ability to pay, should determine and that sick and injured people should have the same right to a good life as others.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the ban on wage garnishment, but its underlying principle is that needs, not ability to pay, should determine and that sick and injured people should have the same right to a good life as others. Removing protection against wage garnishment for all types of damages, in favour of all creditors, would strike hardest at those most deeply indebted and vulnerable. The plan's closest principle therefore speaks against the counter-proposal.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte utmätningsförbudet, men dess bärande princip är att behoven och inte betalningsförmågan ska avgöra och att sjuka och skadade ska ha samma rätt till ett gott liv som andra. Att ta bort skyddet mot utmätning för alla typer av skadestånd, till förmån för samtliga fordringsägare, skulle slå mot just de mest skuldsatta och utsatta. Planens närmaste princip talar därför mot motförslaget.

  • needs before ability to paydecisive»Socialtjänstlagen ska tolkas extensivt. Behoven, inte betalningsförmågan ska vara avgörande« (party programme ↗)“The Social Services Act should be interpreted broadly. Needs, not ability to pay, should be decisive”
  • security for vulnerable people»Barn, sjuka och arbetslösa måste självklart ha samma rätt som arbetande människor att ha goda liv« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Children, sick people and the unemployed must of course have the same right as working people to have good lives”
  • regulation of creditors»Finanskapitalets makt måste brytas genom regleringar och ökad« (party programme ↗)“The power of financial capital must be broken through regulation and increased”

flags: utanför planens område

SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the debt collection prohibition.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the debt collection prohibition. The closest underlying principle is to support those with the least power and to protect basic economic security when earned income is lost; opening all damages for collection by all creditors hits hardest against the most vulnerable debtors. The plan's requirement that society responds clearly to crime, however, justifies the limitation to crime victims that has already been made.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte utmätningsförbudet. Närmast liggande princip är att ta parti för den som har minst makt och att värna ett ekonomiskt grundskydd när inkomsten faller bort; att öppna alla skadestånd för utmätning av samtliga fordringsägare slår hårdast mot de mest utsatta gäldenärerna. Planens krav att samhället reagerar tydligt mot brott motiverar däremot den begränsning till brottsoffer som redan gjorts.

  • support those without powerdecisive»Socialdemokratins uppgift är att ta parti för den som har mindre makt.« (party programme ↗)“The Social Democrats' task is to support those who have less power.”
  • basic economic security»Ett gott ekonomiskt skydd när den egna förvärvsinkomsten faller bort är grundläggande« (party programme ↗)“Good economic protection when one's own earned income is lost is fundamental”
  • clear response to crime»Samhället måste reagera tydligt mot brott och regelöverträdelser.« (party programme ↗)“Society must respond clearly to crime and violations.”
MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan wants to counter over-indebtedness and establishes that everyone has the right to basic economic security, which argues against completely removing the protection against seizure of damages to the benefit of all creditors.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to counter over-indebtedness and establishes that everyone has the right to basic economic security, which argues against completely removing the protection against seizure of damages to the benefit of all creditors. The plan places the crime victim at the centre, which only supports the already implemented limited restriction. The question is not directly addressed, so the conclusion is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill motverka överskuldsättning och slår fast att alla har rätt till grundläggande ekonomisk trygghet, vilket talar mot att helt ta bort skyddet mot utmätning av skadestånd till förmån för alla fordringsägare. Planen sätter däremot brottsoffret i centrum, vilket bara stöder den redan genomförda, begränsade inskränkningen. Frågan behandlas inte direkt, så slutsatsen är härledd.

  • counter over-indebtednessdecisive»Girighet, överskuldsättning och spekulation ska motverkas« (party programme ↗)“Greed, over-indebtedness and speculation shall be countered”
  • basic economic security»Alla har rätt till grundläggande ekonomisk« (party programme ↗)“Everyone has the right to basic economic”
  • the crime victim at the centre»brottsoffret och dennes utsatthet i centrum« (party programme ↗)“the crime victim and their vulnerability at the centre”
CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the attachment prohibition.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the attachment prohibition. The nearest lying principle is the crime victims' perspective — that those subjected to crime shall get redress — which only bears the limited extension to crime victims' benefit, not the counter-proposal's demand that all creditors immediately shall be able to distrain every compensation. The party programme's requirement that no one is allowed to fall through safety nets furthermore speaks against a general removal of protection, and the stance is thereby uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte utmätningsförbudet. Den närmast liggande principen är brottsofferperspektivet — att den som utsatts för brott ska få upprättelse — vilket bara bär den begränsade utvidgningen till brottsoffers förmån, inte motförslagets krav att alla fordringsägare omedelbart ska kunna utmäta varje skadestånd. Partiprogrammets krav att ingen tillåts falla igenom skyddsnäten talar dessutom mot ett generellt borttaget skydd, och ställningstagandet är därmed osäkert.

  • crime victims' redressdecisive»Brottsofferperspektivet måste stärkas. Den som utsatts för brott ska få upprättelse och bättre stöd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The crime victims' perspective must be strengthened. Those subjected to crime shall get redress and better support.”
  • no one falls through the safety net»Den grundläggande tryggheten måste vara så heltäckande att ingen tillåts falla igenom skyddsnäten« (party programme ↗)“Basic security must be so comprehensive that no one is allowed to fall through the safety nets”
  • no arbitrary intervention»Brott mot äganderätten, med konfiskatoriska och godtyckliga beskattningar och ingrepp, underminerar förtroendet och långsiktigheten i samhället.« (party programme ↗)“Violation of property rights, with confiscatory and arbitrary taxation and intervention, undermines trust and long-termism in society.”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan does not address the distraint ban, but its commitment to debt relief is that the over-indebted shall get greater opportunity to become debt-free and that everyone has the right to a basic economic standard.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the distraint ban, but its commitment to debt relief is that the over-indebted shall get greater opportunity to become debt-free and that everyone has the right to a basic economic standard. Where the plan prioritises collection it concerns crime victim damages, not creditors generally. Completely removing protection against distrait for all damages and all creditors therefore goes against the plan's line.

Original (Swedish)

Planen tar inte upp utmätningsförbudet, men dess åtagande om skuldsanering är att överskuldsatta ska få större möjlighet att bli skuldfria och att alla har rätt till en grundläggande ekonomisk standard. Där planen prioriterar indrivning gäller det brottsoffrets skadestånd, inte fordringsägare i allmänhet. Att helt ta bort skyddet mot utmätning för alla skadestånd och alla borgenärer går därför emot planens linje.

  • the over-indebted shall become debt-freedecisive»Reglerna för skuldsanering ska ändras så att överskuldsatta får större möjlighet att bli skuldfria.« (party programme ↗)“The rules for debt relief shall be changed so that the over-indebted get greater opportunity to become debt-free.”
  • crime victim damages prioritised»Brottsoffer ska snabbare få ut det skadestånd som utdömts i domstol« (party programme ↗)“Crime victims shall more quickly receive the damages awarded by the courts”
  • basic economic standard»Alla har rätt till en grundläggande ekonomisk standard.« (party programme ↗)“Everyone has the right to a basic economic standard.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan takes no position on the distraint prohibition.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan takes no position on the distraint prohibition. Its closest commitments are that society should side with the crime victim and that social policy should support individuals towards self-sufficiency, which speaks for continued protection of damages compensation that compensates for violation and suffering. Completely removing the protection in favour of all creditors lacks support in the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen tar inte ställning till utmätningsförbudet. Dess närmast liggande åtaganden är att samhället ska ställa sig på brottsoffrets sida och att socialpolitiken ska stödja enskilda till egen försörjning, vilket talar för ett fortsatt skydd för skadestånd som kompenserar kränkning och lidande. Att helt ta bort skyddet till förmån för samtliga fordringsägare saknar stöd i planen.

  • society sides with the crime victimdecisive»Samhället ska ställa sig på brottsoffrets sida.« (party programme ↗)“Society should side with the crime victim.”
  • support towards self-sufficiency»Målet för socialpolitiken är att stödja gemenskaperna och de enskilda människorna till egen försörjning och god omvårdnad.« (party programme ↗)“The goal of social policy is to support communities and individual people towards self-sufficiency and good care.”
  • everyone is part of the community»Alla räknas och omfattas av samhällsgemenskapen.« (party programme ↗)“Everyone counts and is included in the community of society.”
  • integrity and personal responsibility»Hederlighet och personligt ansvarstagande är viktiga fundament.« (party programme ↗)“Integrity and personal accountability are important foundations.”
MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan turns justice policy towards the perpetrator and demands that victims, not perpetrators, receive redress and compensation; it specifically argues that a rapist should not be able to receive higher compensation than their victim.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan turns justice policy towards the perpetrator and demands that victims, not perpetrators, receive redress and compensation; it specifically argues that a rapist should not be able to receive higher compensation than their victim. The plan is also prepared to access criminals' money with a reverse burden of proof. Removing distress protection for compensation is consistent with this, even though the plan does not express itself on creditors in general.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vänder rättspolitiken mot gärningsmannen och kräver att brottsoffren, inte gärningsmännen, får upprättelse och skadestånd; den anför särskilt att en våldtäktsman inte ska kunna få högre skadestånd än sitt offer. Planen är också beredd att komma åt kriminellas pengar med omvänd bevisbörda. Att ta bort utmätningsskyddet för skadestånd ligger i linje med detta, även om planen inte uttalar sig om fordringsägare i allmänhet.

  • the victim before the perpetratordecisive»Där brottsoffren, inte gärningsmännen, får upprättelse och skadestånd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Where crime victims, not perpetrators, receive redress and compensation.”
  • no privileges for perpetrators»Det är inte rimligt att våldtäktsmannen kan få högre skadestånd för att ha suttit inlåst för länge, än vad våldtäktsoffret får för att ha blivit våldtagen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is not reasonable that a rapist can receive higher compensation for being locked up too long than what a rape victim receives for being raped.”
  • access to criminals' money»Ta gängens pengar och införa en omvänd bevisbörda för att kunna beslagta gängmedlemmarnas lyxprylar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Take gangs' money and introduce a reverse burden of proof to be able to seize gang members' luxury goods”
  • debts can be enforced»För att lösa tvister, upprätthålla kontrakt« (party programme ↗)“To resolve disputes, uphold contracts”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaYesNodeparts from the planderived

The plan's commitment regarding attachment of damages is victim-focused: the right to damages shall be guaranteed and the victim shall not risk losing compensation later.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's commitment regarding attachment of damages is victim-focused: the right to damages shall be guaranteed and the victim shall not risk losing compensation later. To remove protection against attachment for all types of damages and in favour of all creditors would also affect victims' compensation and thus goes beyond the plan's line. The plan speaks precisely about the position of victims, which the committee also refers to.

Original (Swedish)

Planens åtagande om utmätning av skadestånd är brottsofferinriktat: rätten till skadestånd ska garanteras och brottsoffret ska inte riskera att förlora sin ersättning i efterhand. Att ta bort skyddet mot utmätning för alla typer av skadestånd och till förmån för samtliga fordringsägare skulle träffa även brottsoffers ersättning och går därmed utöver planens linje. Planen uttalar sig om just brottsoffrens ställning, som utskottet också hänvisar till.

  • guaranteed right to damagesdecisive»Rätten till skadestånd måste garanteras, oron över att åratal senare bli återbetalningsskyldig, om brottsoffrets ens fått ut skadeståndet från första börja, kan inte accepteras.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The right to damages must be guaranteed; the concern that years later become liable for repayment, if the victim has even received the damages in the first place, cannot be accepted.”
  • the victim in focus»Utformningen av politiken måste ske utifrån brottsoffrets bästa, inte gärningsmannen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Policy must be shaped based on the victim's best interests, not the perpetrator's.”
  • strengthened position for victims»Stärka brottsoffrets ställning och öka stödet till brottsoffer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen the victim's position and increase support for victims”
  • damages restore the victim»Skadestånd kan aldrig helt läka det som förstörts när man utsatts för ett brott, men det kan hjälpa till att lindra effekterna och för att återupprätta ett normalt liv.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Damages can never fully heal what was destroyed when one has been subjected to a crime, but it can help to ease the effects and to restore a normal life.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament