2024-02-152023/24:AU5 · p.3AULabour market
Work via digital platforms
Regulating working conditions for platform-based work
What's at stake: The question concerns how people who work through digital platforms, for example in transport or delivery services, can get secure working conditions. The outcome affects whether these workers are classified as employees with the rights that come with it, or continue to lack that protection.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether platform workers' conditions are best secured through new legislation classifying platform companies as employers, or by leaving labour-market parties to develop collective agreements for the sector themselves.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee considers platform work a relatively new phenomenon that labour-market parties have already begun addressing through emerging industry-specific collective agreements, and expects that development to continue toward high collective-agreement coverage. The committee therefore does not see the same need for new legislation as the motions propose, and recommends rejecting them.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 4 (V)
V considers that platform workers today lack basic rights and job security because platform companies are not treated as employers and platform workers are not treated as employees, which also means no work-environment responsibility is taken for them and union representation is made harder. The party wants the law changed so platform companies are classified as employers and platform workers as employees, and supports implementing the EU's platform directive in its original, more protective form rather than the compromise negotiated by the government.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 4 by V.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
What each plan points to — and how the party voted
For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| Plan | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | No 0/21/0/3 | follows the plan | confidence: high | explicit |
| S | No | Yes 93/0/0/13 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| MP | No | Yes 13/0/0/5 | departs from the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| C | Yes | Yes 21/0/0/3 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | Yes | Yes 14/0/0/2 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| KD | Yes | Yes 14/0/0/5 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | Yes | Yes 60/0/0/8 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | Yes | Yes 63/0/0/9 | follows the plan | confidence: medium | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:78 by Ciczie Weidby et al. (V) claims 1 and 2 and 2023/24:1320 by Jamal El-Haj (S).
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:78 av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V) yrkandena 1 och 2 samt 2023/24:1320 av Jamal El-Haj (S).
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected 45 proposals in motions on labor law from the general motion period in 2023. The motions concern, among other things, time-limited employment, employment rate, and right to leave. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to the fact that the current regulatory framework does not require the changes proposed and to the parties' responsibility in the Swedish labor market.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to strengthen job security for employees with fixed-term employment. (V) — Reservation 4
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan points out gig jobs and other temporary arrangements as the source of insecurity in the labor market and demands that permanent employment is re-established as the norm and that labor law is strengthened with more secure employment and higher requirements for the working environment.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan points out gig jobs and other temporary arrangements as the source of insecurity in the labor market and demands that permanent employment is re-established as the norm and that labor law is strengthened with more secure employment and higher requirements for the working environment. Classifying platform companies as employers and platform workers as employees is precisely that legislative step. The plan does not settle for agreements developing, but demands legislation that guarantees the right to collective bargaining.
Original (Swedish)
Planen pekar ut gig-jobb och andra tillfälliga upplägg som källan till otrygghet på arbetsmarknaden och kräver att tillsvidareanställningen återupprättas som norm och att arbetsrätten förstärks med tryggare anställningar och högre krav på arbetsmiljön. Att klassa plattformsföretag som arbetsgivare och plattformsarbetare som arbetstagare är just det lagstiftningssteget. Planen nöjer sig inte med att avtal växer fram, utan kräver lagstiftning som garanterar rätten till kollektivavtal.
- gig jobs create insecuritydecisive»Otryggheten skapas genom tillfälliga anställningar, sms-jobb, gig-jobb, deltidsjobb och bemanningsjobb.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Insecurity is created through temporary employment, SMS jobs, gig jobs, part-time jobs and temp jobs.”
- permanent employment as norm»måste återupprättas och bemanningsföretag förbjudas. Arbetsköpares« (party programme ↗)“must be re-established and temp agencies banned. Work buyer's”
- strengthened labor law»tryggare anställningar, högre krav på arbetsmiljön och en starkare« (party programme ↗)“more secure employment, higher requirements for the working environment and a stronger”
- strong labor law»Vänsterpartiet kommer att fortsätta försvara förhandlingsrätten och en stark arbetsrättslagstiftning.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party will continue to defend the right to negotiate and strong labor law.”
The plan requires strong labour law legislation as protection for employees and that all employees have the right to good working conditions and secure income, as well as measures against workplace crime.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires strong labour law legislation as protection for employees and that all employees have the right to good working conditions and secure income, as well as measures against workplace crime. Classifying platform companies as employers and platform workers as employees is a prerequisite for these rights and employer responsibility for occupational health and safety to apply there as well. The plan also sees collective agreements as a necessary prerequisite for legitimate rules in working life.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver en stark arbetsrättslig lagstiftning som skydd för de anställda och att alla anställda har rätt till goda arbetsvillkor och trygg försörjning, samt krafttag mot arbetslivskriminalitet. Att klassa plattformsföretag som arbetsgivare och plattformsarbetare som arbetstagare är förutsättningen för att dessa rättigheter och arbetsmiljöansvaret ska gälla också där. Planen ser dessutom kollektivavtal som en nödvändig förutsättning för legitima spelregler i arbetslivet.
- strong labour lawdecisive»arbetsrättslig lagstiftning behövs som skydd för de anställda.« (party programme ↗)“labour law legislation is needed as protection for employees.”
- rights for all employees»goda arbetsvillkor, trygg försörjning och inflytande över det egna arbetet.« (party programme ↗)“good working conditions, secure income and influence over one's own work.”
- measures against workplace crime»Krafttag mot arbetslivskriminaliteten.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Measures against workplace crime.”
- role of collective agreements»förutsättning för legitimiteten i arbetslivets spelregler och för arbetsfreden.« (party programme ↗)“prerequisite for legitimacy in working life's rules and for industrial peace.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme wants to cherish functioning labour law and establishes that reasonable working conditions and secure employment forms must be achieved where workers have weak attachment and few rights, and that everyone has the right to good physical and psychosocial working environment.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme wants to cherish functioning labour law and establishes that reasonable working conditions and secure employment forms must be achieved where workers have weak attachment and few rights, and that everyone has the right to good physical and psychosocial working environment. Classifying platform companies as employers and platform workers as employees is what provides these rights and strengthens the Swedish model the plan cherishes.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet vill värna en fungerande arbetsrätt och slår fast att rimliga arbetsvillkor och trygga anställningsformer måste åstadkommas där arbetstagarna har svag anknytning och få rättigheter, samt att alla har rätt till en god fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Att klassa plattformsföretag som arbetsgivare och plattformsarbetare som arbetstagare är det som ger dessa rättigheter, och stärker den svenska modell planen värnar.
- cherished labour lawdecisive»Vi vill värna en fungerande arbetsrätt och ge« (party programme ↗)“We want to cherish functioning labour law and provide”
- secure employment forms»åstadkomma rimliga arbetsvillkor och trygga« (party programme ↗)“achieve reasonable working conditions and secure”
- right to good working environment»Alla har rätt till friskvård och en« (party programme ↗)“Everyone has the right to health and wellness and a”
- collective agreements and union strength»Vi värnar den svenska modellen där arbetsmarknadens parter gemensamt förhandlar fram vad som« (party programme ↗)“We cherish the Swedish model where labour market parties jointly negotiate what”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The party programme wants the labour market's rules to be set by the parties and that laws do not override the freedom of contract, and opposes increased regulation of the digital sphere.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The party programme wants the labour market's rules to be set by the parties and that laws do not override the freedom of contract, and opposes increased regulation of the digital sphere. The programme also wants only necessary matters to be decided at EU level. Reclassifying platform companies as employers by law and driving a more far-reaching EU directive therefore runs counter to the plan, which instead trusts collective agreements and flexibility.
Original (Swedish)
Partiprogrammet vill att arbetsmarknadens spelregler sätts av parterna och att lagar inte kör över den fria avtalsrätten, och motsätter sig ökad reglering av den digitala sfären. Programmet vill dessutom att endast nödvändiga frågor avgörs på EU-nivå. Att i lag omklassificera plattformsföretag till arbetsgivare och driva ett mer långtgående EU-direktiv går därför emot planen, som i stället litar till kollektivavtal och flexibilitet.
- contractual freedom before legislationdecisive»bör lagar och regler inte köra över den fria avtalsrätten« (party programme ↗)“should laws and regulations not override the freedom of contract”
- against increased digital regulation»Centerpartiet motsätter sig en ökad reglering av internet.« (party programme ↗)“The Centre Party opposes increased regulation of the internet.”
- flexibility and security»Svensk arbetsmarknad behöver både mer flexibilitet och mer trygghet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish labour market needs both more flexibility and more security.”
- national competence safeguarded»endast de beslut som måste fattas gemensamt beslutas på EU-nivå« (party programme ↗)“only those decisions that must be taken jointly are decided at EU level”
The plan wants to adapt regulations and the tax system to the growing sharing economy and requires labour law adapted to today's conditions with low barriers to the labour market, where conditions are principally determined by agreement and not in law.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan wants to adapt regulations and the tax system to the growing sharing economy and requires labour law adapted to today's conditions with low barriers to the labour market, where conditions are principally determined by agreement and not in law. The counter-proposal's demand for legislation that classifies platform companies as employers and platform workers as employees goes in the opposite direction. The plan therefore speaks against the demand.
Original (Swedish)
Planen vill anpassa regelverk och skattesystem till den växande delningsekonomin och kräver en arbetsrätt anpassad till dagens förhållanden med låga trösklar till arbetsmarknaden, där villkoren i huvudsak bestäms genom avtal och inte i lag. Motförslagets krav på lagstiftning som klassar plattformsföretag som arbetsgivare och plattformsarbetare som arbetstagare går i motsatt riktning. Planen talar därför emot kravet.
- adapt rules to the sharing economydecisive»En startup-kommission ska tillsättas och skattesystemet anpassas bättre till den växande delningsekonomin.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A startup commission shall be established and the tax system better adapted to the growing sharing economy.”
- labour law adapted to today's labour market»För att sänka trösklarna till arbetsmarknaden och göra den mer dynamisk måste arbetsrätten vara« (party programme ↗)“To lower barriers to the labour market and make it more dynamic labour law must be”
- conditions through agreement not law»Den svenska arbetsmarknadsmodellen, där villkoren i huvudsak bestäms genom« (party programme ↗)“The Swedish labour market model, where conditions are principally determined by”
- low barriers to work»Framväxten av jobb som inte kräver formella kunskaper eller erfarenheter ska underlättas, till« (party programme ↗)“The growth of jobs that do not require formal knowledge or experience shall be facilitated, inter”
The plan assigns the design of labour market conditions to the parties and requires that employment protection does not lead to unjustified barriers to the labour market, as well as that EU responsibilities are clearly defined.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan assigns the design of labour market conditions to the parties and requires that employment protection does not lead to unjustified barriers to the labour market, as well as that EU responsibilities are clearly defined. The counter-proposal instead wants to legislate that platform companies are classified as employers and push for more far-reaching EU directive, which goes against these commitments despite the plan's requirement for good employment security.
Original (Swedish)
Planen lägger utformningen av arbetsmarknadens villkor på parterna och kräver att anställningsskyddet inte leder till omotiverade trösklar in på arbetsmarknaden, samt att EU:s uppgifter avgränsas. Motförslaget vill i stället lagstifta om att plattformsföretag klassas som arbetsgivare och driva på för ett mer långtgående EU-direktiv, vilket går emot dessa åtaganden trots planens krav på god anställningstrygghet.
- the parties design the conditionsdecisive»Utformningen ska göras av arbetsmarknadens parter.« (party programme ↗)“The design shall be done by the labour market parties.”
- avoid barriers to the labour market»omotiverade trösklar in på arbetsmarknaden.« (party programme ↗)“unjustified barriers to the labour market.”
- limited EU competence»En avgränsning av EU:s uppgifter är nödvändig för att« (party programme ↗)“A clear definition of EU responsibilities is necessary in order to”
- security for all employees»God anställningstrygghet för alla arbetstagare ska« (party programme ↗)“Good employment security for all employees shall”
The plan requires that EU directives as a rule be implemented at minimum level and that over-implementation be counteracted, which directly contradicts the demand to implement the platform directive in a more far-reaching form.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that EU directives as a rule be implemented at minimum level and that over-implementation be counteracted, which directly contradicts the demand to implement the platform directive in a more far-reaching form. The plan also wants to eliminate a third of red tape and make it easier to start and run a business, whereas statutory reclassification of platform companies as employers adds new requirements. The plan does not treat platform work in particular.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att EU-direktiv som huvudregel genomförs på miniminivå och att överimplementering motverkas, vilket direkt motsäger kravet att genomföra plattformsdirektivet i en mer långtgående form. Planen vill dessutom ta bort en tredjedel av regelkrånglet och göra det lättare att starta och driva företag, medan en lagstadgad omklassificering av plattformsföretag till arbetsgivare lägger till nya krav. Planen behandlar inte plattformsarbete särskilt.
- EU-direktiv på miniminivådecisive»Minska regelkrånglet och onödig byråkrati, bland annat genom att motverka överimplementering i Sverige av EU-beslut – som huvudregel ska EU-direktiv genomföras på miniminivå« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce red tape and unnecessary bureaucracy, among other things by counteracting over-implementation in Sweden of EU decisions - as a rule EU directives shall be implemented at minimum level”
- minskat regelkrångel»Ta bort en tredjedel av företagens administrationskostnader och en tredjedel av regelkrånglet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Eliminate a third of businesses' administrative costs and a third of red tape”
- goda företagsvillkor»Villkoren för att starta, växa och expandera behöver vara goda för att fler ska våga lämna trygga och välbetalda jobb för att starta företag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Conditions for starting, growing and expanding need to be good so that more dare to leave secure and well-paid jobs to start a business.”
- nationell beslutsnivå»Beslut ska fattas på lägsta möjliga nivå, så nära medborgarna som möjligt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Decisions should be made at the lowest possible level, as close to citizens as possible.”
flags: citat_migrerat
The plan states that the Swedish model is threatened by EU proposals on common rules for wage formation and social safety nets and that Swedish control over the labour market model must be secured.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan states that the Swedish model is threatened by EU proposals on common rules for wage formation and social safety nets and that Swedish control over the labour market model must be secured. Conditions in the labour market shall be determined by the parties, and employees' position shall never be sacrificed as a concession to the EU. The counter-proposal's demands for legislated reclassification and stricter implementation of the EU directive thus go against the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att den svenska modellen hotas av EU-förslag om gemensamma regler för lönebildning och sociala skyddsnät och att svensk kontroll över arbetsmarknadsmodellen måste säkras. Villkoren på arbetsmarknaden ska avgöras av parterna, och löntagarnas ställning ska aldrig offras som eftergift till EU. Motförslagets krav på lagstiftad omklassificering och ett skärpt genomförande av EU-direktivet går därför emot planen.
- EU threatens Swedish modeldecisive»Men den svenska modellen hotas för närvarande av förslag från EU om gemensamma regler för lönebildning, arbetslöshetsersättning och det sociala skyddsnätet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“But the Swedish model is currently threatened by proposals from the EU on common rules for wage formation, unemployment insurance and the social safety net.”
- national control over the model»Svensk kontroll över vår arbetsmarknadsmodell och välfärdspolitik måste säkras för framtida generationer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish control over our labour market model and welfare policy must be secured for future generations.”
- parties determine conditions»Försvara den svenska modellen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Defend the Swedish model”
- no concessions to EU»Svenska löntagares ställning ska aldrig offras som eftergift till EU.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Swedish employees' position shall never be sacrificed as a concession to the EU.”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:AU5)
- Committee report full text (HB01AU5)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:1240 — Företag inom besöksnäringen av Martina Johansson (C)
- Motion 2023/24:1282 — Utvärdering av LAS och tillämpningen av hyvling av Ola Möller och Hanna Westerén (båda S)
- Motion 2023/24:1307 — Utökat skydd mot föreningsrättskränkning av Leif Nysmed m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:1320 — Plattformsekonomin av Jamal El-Haj (S)
- Motion 2023/24:1326 — En trygg och rättvis arbetsmarknad av Jamal El-Haj (S)
- Motion 2023/24:1466 — Rättvist förfarande vid arbetstvister av Markus Wiechel och Alexander Christiansson (båda SD)
- Motion 2023/24:1698 — Rätt till heltid av Gunilla Carlsson och Aylin Nouri (båda S)
- Motion 2023/24:1835 — Huvudentreprenörsansvar av Lars Mejern Larsson och Mattias Jonsson (båda S)
- Motion 2023/24:1988 — Utökat skydd vid uppsägning vid graviditetspenning av Zara Leghissa m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2128 — Heltidsarbete som norm inom offentlig sektor av Roger Hedlund och Mattias Eriksson Falk (båda SD)
- Motion 2023/24:2464 — Arbetsmarknad av Jonny Cato m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2620 — Utgiftsområde 14 Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2632 — Handel och exportfrämjande av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2657 — Den svenska modellen av Kadir Kasirga m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2664 — Jämställdhetspolitisk motion av Janine Alm Ericson m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2023/24:2705 — Ett rikare liv för äldre av Ulrika Westerlund m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2023/24:395 — En trygg familjepolitik med barnets bästa i fokus av Daniel Persson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:420 — Bättre villkor för småföretagare av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD)
- Motion 2023/24:439 — Ordning och reda på arbetsmarknaden av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:461 — Cybersäkerhet av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V)
Source: The Swedish Parliament