2025-05-212024/25:NU20 · p.4NUBusiness & energy

Alternatives to the government proposal

Alternatives to the government's model for state support of new nuclear power

What's at stake: The design affects how quickly and at what cost Sweden can expand fossil-free power generation, and which power sources — nuclear, wind, solar, hydro and combined heat-and-power — benefit from state support. It affects electricity customers, taxpayers and energy companies.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the state should target financing and risk-sharing specifically at new nuclear power, or whether support should instead be technology-neutral and driven by competition among power sources.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee considers that new nuclear power is needed as stable baseload capacity for the power system to support large-scale electrification, since hydropower and combined heat-and-power cannot be expanded enough to fill that role, and weather-dependent wind and solar power need a stable base to rely on. The committee therefore rejects the motions proposing alternative approaches.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 7 (S)

The reservation holds that a technology-specific push for new nuclear power is the wrong approach, and instead wants to expand the power system technology-neutrally through competitive procurement of capacity between suppliers, while extending the lifetime and uprating output of existing reactors.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 7 by S.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
Sown reservationNoNo 0/93/0/13follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
MPYesAbstain 0/0/15/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumexplicit
CNoAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: mediumexplicit
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
MYesYes 60/0/0/8follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
SDYesYes 63/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:3392 by Rickard Nordin et al. (C) item 3, 2024/25:3394 by Fredrik Olovsson et al. (S) item 2 and 2024/25:3395 by Linus Lakso et al. (MP) item 2.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:3392 av Rickard Nordin m.fl. (C) yrkande 3, 2024/25:3394 av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S) yrkande 2 och 2024/25:3395 av Linus Lakso m.fl. (MP) yrkande 2.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal on state support for investments in new nuclear power. The new law regulates the fundamental conditions and forms of state support for companies investing in new nuclear reactors in Sweden. The support shall be structured so that risks and profits are distributed in a well-balanced manner between the state and the company receiving support. The proposal means that state support may be provided in the form of state loans two-way difference contracts, a model for electricity price hedging that consists of an agreement between the operator of the reactor facility and the state that covers both minimum compensation protection and a limit on overcompensation. State loans may be granted for construction and testing of new nuclear reactors as well as for design and other preparatory measures before construction. Two-way difference contracts may be entered into for routine operation of new nuclear reactors. The law comes into force on 1 August 2025.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan rejects expanded nuclear power as a way out of fossil fuel dependency and wants to see an energy policy strategy built on renewable electricity.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan rejects expanded nuclear power as a way out of fossil fuel dependency and wants to see an energy policy strategy built on renewable electricity. The counter-proposal's rejection of a technology-specific nuclear power investment is therefore close to the plan. To instead extend the lifetime of existing reactors is not the plan's line, which wants to take the country out of nuclear dependency as well, which makes the support partly conditional.

Original (Swedish)

Planen avvisar utbyggd kärnkraft som väg ut ur fossilberoendet och vill se en energipolitisk strategi byggd på förnybar el. Motförslagets avvisande av en teknikspecifik kärnkraftssatsning ligger därför nära planen. Att i stället förlänga befintliga reaktorers livstid är inte planens linje, som vill ta landet också ur kärnkraftsberoendet, vilket gör stödet delvis villkorat.

  • rejects expanded nuclear powerdecisive»planerna på att bygga ut kärnkraften som en väg ut ur fossilberoendet.« (party programme ↗)“plans to expand nuclear power as a way out of fossil fuel dependency.”
  • renewable electricity production»En radikal utbyggnad av den förnybara elproduktionen är avgörande« (party programme ↗)“A radical expansion of renewable electricity production is decisive”
  • energy policy based on renewable»strategi som bygger på förnybar el och låga klimatutsläpp.« (party programme ↗)“strategy built on renewable electricity and low climate emissions.”
  • out of nuclear dependency»beroendet och kärnkraftsberoendet.« (party programme ↗)“dependency and nuclear dependency.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaNoNofollows the planderived

The election manifesto's energy line is to expand electricity production of all kinds and to deliver more cheap electricity quickly, with protected hydropower and testing of all energy sources.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto's energy line is to expand electricity production of all kinds and to deliver more cheap electricity quickly, with protected hydropower and testing of all energy sources. Neutral technology procurement of capabilities in competition, as well as efficiency improvement and lifespan extension of existing reactors, lies close to that formulation. A technology-specific initiative does not. The plan therefore supports the counter-proposal's demand.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestets energilinje är att bygga ut elproduktionen av alla slag och att få fram mer billig el snabbt, med värnad vattenkraft och prövning av samtliga energislag. En teknikneutral upphandling av förmågor i konkurrens, samt effekthöjning och livstidsförlängning av befintliga reaktorer, ligger nära den formuleringen. En teknikspecifik satsning gör det inte. Planen stöder därför motförslagets krav.

  • all power sources are expandeddecisive»Bygg ut elproduktionen av alla slag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Expand electricity production of all kinds.”
  • protect hydropower»Vi behöver också värna vattenkraften och se till att solpanelerna blir fler, bland annat på offentliga och kommersiella byggnader.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We also need to protect hydropower and ensure that solar panels become more numerous, among other things on public and commercial buildings.”
  • all energy sources are tested»Vi ser positivt på de initiativ som nu tas för att undersöka potentialen framåt i samtliga energislag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We view positively the initiatives now being taken to investigate the potential ahead in all energy sources.”
  • rapid electricity expansion»Vi behöver bygga ut elproduktionen för att få mer billig el, snabbt, inte minst i södra Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We need to expand electricity production to get more cheap electricity, quickly, not least in southern Sweden.”
MPMiljöpartietYesAbstaindeparts from the planexplicit

The counter-proposal requires lifetime extension and power increase of existing reactors.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal requires lifetime extension and power increase of existing reactors. The party programme explicitly opposes power increase in existing reactors and wants to begin the phase-out immediately. The plan does not advocate technology neutrality either but a targeted expansion of renewables to one hundred per cent. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's requirement in substance.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget kräver livstidsförlängning och effekthöjning av befintliga reaktorer. Partiprogrammet motsätter sig uttryckligen effekthöjning i befintliga reaktorer och vill påbörja avvecklingen omedelbart. Planen förordar inte heller teknikneutralitet utan en riktad utbyggnad av förnybart till hundra procent. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets krav i sak.

  • no to power increasesdecisive»Vi motsätter oss byggandet av nya reaktorer i Sverige, eller effekthöjning i befintliga, och vill i stället påbörja avvecklingen av kärnkraften omedelbart.« (party programme ↗)“We oppose building new reactors in Sweden, or power increases in existing ones, and instead want to begin the phase-out of nuclear power immediately.”
  • nuclear power unsustainable»Kärnkraften hör därför inte hemma i ett hållbart samhälle.« (party programme ↗)“Nuclear power therefore does not belong in a sustainable society.”
  • one hundred per cent renewable»produktionen av förnybar energi öka så att andelen blir hundra procent« (party programme ↗)“production of renewable energy increase so that the share becomes one hundred per cent”
  • targeted renewable expansion»bygga ut vindkraften till havs snabbt i hela landet, med hänsyn till livet i havet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“expand wind power at sea rapidly throughout the country, with regard to life in the sea.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The party programme establishes the vision of one hundred per cent renewable energy and a society without nuclear power, and that the market economy shall be free from planned economy steering with competition as the driving force.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme establishes the vision of one hundred per cent renewable energy and a society without nuclear power, and that the market economy shall be free from planned economy steering with competition as the driving force. A technology-neutral procurement of capabilities in competition thus lies closer to the plan than a technology-specific initiative on a single power source. The election manifesto's goal is to double emission-free electricity production, not to point out the winner.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast visionen om hundra procent förnybar energi och ett samhälle utan kärnkraft, och att marknadsekonomin ska vara fri från planekonomiska pekpinnar med konkurrens som drivkraft. En teknikneutral upphandling av förmågor i konkurrens ligger därför närmare planen än en teknikspecifik satsning på ett enda kraftslag. Valmanifestets mål är att fördubbla den utsläppsfria elproduktionen, inte att peka ut vinnaren.

  • one hundred per cent renewabledecisive»Sverige har både möjlighet och skyldighet att inom mindre än en generation bli ett samhälle med hundra procent förnybar energi, helt fritt från fossil energi, där Centerpartiets vision är ett samhälle utan kärnkraft.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden has both the opportunity and the duty to within less than a generation become a society with one hundred per cent renewable energy, completely free from fossil energy, where the Centre Party's vision is a society without nuclear power.”
  • competition as driving force»Konkurrens är en viktig drivkraft för utvecklingen av marknadsekonomin.« (party programme ↗)“Competition is an important driving force for the development of the market economy.”
  • doubled emission-free electricity»Vi vill fördubbla produktionen av utsläppsfri el, och rusta och bygga ut elnätet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We wish to double the production of emission-free electricity, and upgrade and expand the electricity grid.”

flags: citat_blockerat

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan explicitly wants to enable more new reactors and for state loan guarantees to cover nuclear power, because climate transition requires twice as much electricity.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan explicitly wants to enable more new reactors and for state loan guarantees to cover nuclear power, because climate transition requires twice as much electricity. A technology-neutral procurement instead of targeted support would remove precisely the support the plan requires. The counter-proposal's wish to boost existing reactors is also not enough, because the plan requires new nuclear power.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill uttryckligen möjliggöra fler nya reaktorer och att statliga lånegarantier omfattar kärnkraften, eftersom klimatomställningen kräver dubbelt så mycket el. En teknikneutral upphandling i stället för en riktad satsning skulle ta bort just det stöd planen kräver. Att motförslaget också vill effekthöja befintliga reaktorer räcker inte, eftersom planen kräver ny kärnkraft.

  • state loan guarantees for nuclear powerdecisive»I stället vill vi möjliggöra fler nya reaktorer på fler ställen, möjliggöra återstart av Ringhals 1 och 2, se till att statliga lånegarantier omfattar kärnkraften, modernisera regelverken och ge kärnkraften betalt för att den alltid finns tillgänglig.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Instead we want to enable more new reactors in more places, enable restart of Ringhals 1 and 2, ensure that state loan guarantees cover nuclear power, modernise the regulations and have nuclear power paid for always being available.”
  • nuclear power for electrification»Klimatomställningen kräver dubbelt så mycket el som i dag. Då kan vi inte avveckla kärnkraften.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Climate transition requires twice as much electricity as today. Then we cannot phase out nuclear power.”
  • nuclear power for climate»Kärnkraften behövs för klimatets skull och för att minska världens utsläpp. Staten bör underlätta« (party programme ↗)“Nuclear power is needed for the climate's sake and to reduce the world's emissions. The state should facilitate”
  • neutrality between energy sources»största möjliga mån vara neutral mellan energislag som uppfyller miljö- och säkerhetskraven.« (party programme ↗)“as far as possible be neutral between energy sources that meet environmental and safety requirements.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto requires both that existing reactors' operation is extended and that nuclear power is expanded with new reactors, and states that wind power can only be a complement.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto requires both that existing reactors' operation is extended and that nuclear power is expanded with new reactors, and states that wind power can only be a complement. The counter-proposal accepts lifetime extension but rejects the technology-specific investment in new nuclear power, that is exactly the half of the commitment that concerns new construction. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's demands.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver både att befintliga reaktorers drift förlängs och att kärnkraften byggs ut med nya reaktorer, och slår fast att vindkraft bara kan vara ett komplement. Motförslaget accepterar livstidsförlängning men avvisar den teknikspecifika satsningen på ny kärnkraft, alltså precis den halva av åtagandet som gäller nybyggnad. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets krav.

  • expanded nuclear powerdecisive»Satsa på kärnkraften med långsiktiga villkor att utvecklas. Förläng befintliga reaktorers drift och bygg ut med nya reaktorer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in nuclear power with long-term conditions to develop. Extend existing reactors' operation and expand with new reactors.”
  • wind power only a complement»Bygg ut vindkraften men med respekt för den lokala demokratin och anpassa storleken efter lokala villkor. Vindkraft kan dock bara vara ett komplement.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Expand wind power but with respect for local democracy and adapt the size to local conditions. Wind power can however only be a complement.”
  • protected hydropower»Värna vattenkraften, både den storskaliga och småskaliga.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Protect hydropower, both large-scale and small-scale.”
  • avoid power shortage»Målet är ett ekologiskt hållbart energisystem utan drastiska prisförändringar, elbrist eller andra betydande påfrestningar på välfärd och sysselsättning.« (party programme ↗)“The goal is an ecologically sustainable energy system without dramatic price changes, power shortages or other significant strains on welfare and employment.”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan is explicitly technology-specific: nuclear power expansion is described as absolutely central, the state should facilitate financing with green credit guarantees and many new small reactors should be built to provide electricity that works independently of weather and wind.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is explicitly technology-specific: nuclear power expansion is described as absolutely central, the state should facilitate financing with green credit guarantees and many new small reactors should be built to provide electricity that works independently of weather and wind. The counter-proposal instead wants technology-neutral expansion and is content with lifetime extension of existing reactors. This conflicts with the plan's nuclear power commitment, although the plan also wants to procure power production that strengthens stability.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är uttryckligt teknikspecifik: utbyggnad av kärnkraften beskrivs som helt central, staten ska underlätta finansieringen med gröna kreditgarantier och många nya mindre reaktorer ska byggas för el som fungerar oberoende av väder och vind. Motförslaget vill i stället ha en teknikneutral utbyggnad och nöja sig med livstidsförlängning av befintliga reaktorer. Det står i strid med planens kärnkraftsåtagande, även om planen också vill upphandla kraftproduktion som stärker stabiliteten.

  • nuclear power expansion absolutely centraldecisive»I det läge Sverige har hamnat i på grund av dåliga politiska beslut kommer en utbyggnad av kärnkraften att vara helt central.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Given the situation Sweden has found itself in due to poor political decisions, nuclear power expansion will be absolutely central.”
  • targeted support for new nuclear power»Införa gröna kreditgarantier för ny kärnkraft – staten ska underlätta finansieringen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce green credit guarantees for new nuclear power – the state should facilitate financing”
  • controllable electricity independent of weather(2022 manifesto)
  • procured stability»Upphandla kraftproduktion som stärker stabiliteten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Procure power production that strengthens stability”

flags: citat_ej_verifierat

SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto requires a long-term investment in next-generation nuclear power, a roadmap for SMR reactors and a Swedish research reactor, as dispatchable and fossil-free electricity is seen as crucial.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto requires a long-term investment in next-generation nuclear power, a roadmap for SMR reactors and a Swedish research reactor, as dispatchable and fossil-free electricity is seen as crucial. The counter-proposal rejects a technology-specific nuclear power investment in favour of technology-neutral procurement and output increases in existing production. This conflicts with the plan's explicit nuclear power commitment.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver en långsiktig satsning på nästa generations kärnkraft, en färdplan för SMR-reaktorer och en svensk forskningsreaktor, eftersom planerbar och fossilfri el ses som avgörande. Motförslaget avvisar en teknikspecifik kärnkraftssatsning till förmån för teknikneutral upphandling och effekthöjningar i befintlig produktion. Det strider mot planens uttryckliga kärnkraftsåtagande.

  • technology-specific nuclear power investmentdecisive»Skapa förutsättningar för ny kärnkraft i Sverige och en färdplan för byggandet av SMR-reaktorer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create conditions for new nuclear power in Sweden and a roadmap for building SMR reactors”
  • dispatchable electricity production»Sverige behöver satsa på planerbar och fossilfri elproduktion.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to invest in dispatchable and fossil-free electricity production.”
  • research reactor»Upprätta en svensk forskningsreaktor kring fjärde generationens kärnkraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Establish a Swedish research reactor around fourth-generation nuclear power”
  • long-term nuclear power investment»Sverigedemokraterna vill göra en långsiktig satsning på den nya generationens kärnkraft.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats want to make a long-term investment in next-generation nuclear power.”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament