2025-05-202024/25:SoU23 · p.5SoUHealth & social services

Work with voluntary return

Social services' role in work on voluntary return migration

What's at stake: The government wants to sharply raise financial support for voluntary return migration and have a national coordinator engage in dialogue with municipal social services about guiding and encouraging it. The issue affects people, often lacking livelihood or Swedish-language skills, who are in contact with social services, and how closely social services' role should be tied to the state's return-migration policy.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The reserving parties wanted the government to clarify its policy on voluntary return migration so that social services are not expected to encourage it, while the committee held that the government's work with a national coordinator for voluntary return migration requires no initiative from the Riksdag.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee endorses the government's assessment that a national coordinator should be able to engage in dialogue with municipal social services to strengthen work on guiding, informing about and encouraging voluntary return migration, and considers that the Riksdag need not take any initiative. The motions are therefore rejected.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 5 (V, C, MP)

The reserving parties (V, C, MP) strongly oppose social services' goals and preventive work including guiding, informing about and encouraging voluntary return migration among people who lack their own livelihood or knowledge of Swedish, since this runs counter to social services' goals of security, living conditions and active participation, damages trust in social services and forces staff into difficult ethical choices. The government should come back with a clarification.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 5 by V, C, MP.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/18/0/6follows the planconfidence: highderived
SNoYes 88/0/0/18departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPown reservationNoNo 0/16/0/2follows the planconfidence: highderived
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: highderived
LNoYes 11/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDYesYes 17/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
MYesYes 56/0/0/12follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDYesYes 60/0/0/12follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:3339 by Nils Seye Larsen et al. (MP) clause 11 and 2024/25:3341 by Martina Johansson et al. (C) clause 1.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:3339 av Nils Seye Larsen m.fl. (MP) yrkande 11 och 2024/25:3341 av Martina Johansson m.fl. (C) yrkande 1.

Riksdag decision: The current social services act shall be replaced by a new social services act. The Riksdag said yes to the government's proposal on this. The Riksdag also said yes to amendments in other laws as a result of the new social services act. The purpose of the new act is, among other things, for social services to become long-term sustainable and work more preventively and knowledge-based. The new social services act comes into effect on 1 July 2025.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The plan is explicitly anti-racist and holds fast to the idea that it is through a secure and permanent existence that people put down roots, not by conditioning their place in society.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is explicitly anti-racist and holds fast to the idea that it is through a secure and permanent existence that people put down roots, not by conditioning their place in society. That it become the social service's task to encourage return migration among people without their own livelihood or Swedish language skills runs counter to the plan's requirement that agencies meet all people with the same respect and that society does not set people against each other.

Original (Swedish)

Planen är uttryckligen antirasistisk och håller fast vid att det är genom en trygg och permanent tillvaro som människor rotar sig, inte genom att villkora deras plats i samhället. Att göra det till socialtjänstens uppgift att uppmuntra återvandring bland personer utan egen försörjning eller svenskkunskaper strider mot planens krav att myndigheter möter alla människor med samma respekt och att samhället inte ställer människor mot varandra.

  • secure and permanent existencedecisive»Tvärtom, det är genom en trygg och permanent tillvaro i samhället som vi människor rotar oss.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Rather, it is through a secure and permanent existence in society that we people put down roots.”
  • agencies' equal treatment»Myndigheter har ett särskilt ansvar att möta alla människor« (party programme ↗)“Agencies have a special responsibility to meet all people”
  • society does not divide»Ett tryggt samhälle ställer inte människor mot varandra.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“A secure society does not set people against each other.”

flags: citat_blockerat

SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan's integration line is that everyone who can work shall work and become part of society, regardless of where one was born, and that integration shall be improved.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's integration line is that everyone who can work shall work and become part of society, regardless of where one was born, and that integration shall be improved. The party programme promises a safe haven to those who have fled. Making return guidance to society a task for social services goes counter to both these commitments and to social services' role in catching up people. The plan therefore supports the counter-proposal's objection.

Original (Swedish)

Planens integrationslinje är att alla som kan jobba ska jobba och bli en del av samhället, oavsett var man är född, och att integrationen ska förbättras. Partiprogrammet lovar en trygg fristad åt den som flytt. Att göra vägledning till återvandring till en uppgift för socialtjänsten går på tvärs mot båda dessa åtaganden och mot socialtjänstens roll att fånga upp människor. Planen stöder därför motförslagets invändning.

  • integration through workdecisive»Alla som kan jobba ska jobba och bidra för att bli en del av samhället. Det gäller oavsett var man är född.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Everyone who can work shall work and contribute to become part of society. That applies regardless of where one was born.”
  • safe haven»Sverige ska erbjuda en trygg fristad åt människor som tvingas fly från förföljelse och våld.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall offer a safe haven to people forced to flee persecution and violence.”
  • improved integration»Integrationen måste förbättras och samhörigheten öka.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Integration must be improved and sense of community increased.”
  • social services' task»Att socialtjänsten stärks är centralt för att fånga upp unga i tid.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“That social services are strengthened is central to catching up young people in time.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The plan is based on those with asylum rights being welcomed and given the opportunity to establish themselves in Sweden, with an extended settlement programme and a generous and equitable refugee reception in all municipalities.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is based on those with asylum rights being welcomed and given the opportunity to establish themselves in Sweden, with an extended settlement programme and a generous and equitable refugee reception in all municipalities. That social services should instead guide and encourage return migration runs directly counter to this. The plan therefore supports the counter-proposal's objection.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger på att den som har rätt till asyl ska välkomnas och ges möjlighet att etablera sig i Sverige, med förlängt etableringsprogram och ett generöst och likvärdigt flyktingmottagande i alla kommuner. Att socialtjänsten i stället ska vägleda och uppmuntra till återvandring går rakt emot detta. Planen stöder därför motförslagets invändning.

  • settlement not return migrationdecisive»Den som har rätt till asyl ska välkomnas och ges möjlighet att etablera sig i Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Those with asylum rights should be welcomed and given the opportunity to establish themselves in Sweden.”
  • extended settlement»förlänga etableringsprogrammet för nyanlända till minst fyra år för att skapa bättre förutsättningar för etablering, så att fler kommer i arbete snabbare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“extend the settlement programme for newcomers to at least four years to create better conditions for settlement, so that more find work faster.”
  • generous reception»Alla kommuner ska ha ett generöst och likvärdigt flyktingmottagande.« (party programme ↗)“All municipalities should have a generous and equitable refugee reception.”
  • open migration policy»Vi är stolta över att vara det mest öppna partiet när det gäller migration.« (party programme ↗)“We are proud to be the most open party when it comes to migration.”
CCenterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The party programme states a generous and humane migration policy and that the solution to integration challenges is to put newly arrived people's competence to use, not to close doors.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme states a generous and humane migration policy and that the solution to integration challenges is to put newly arrived people's competence to use, not to close doors. The election manifesto's answer to lack of support and language skills is an intensive year with language, practical work and jobs. To instead make it social services' task to encourage these persons to return goes directly against the plan's line.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast en generös och human migrationspolitik och att lösningen på integrationsutmaningarna är att ta vara på nyanländas kompetens, inte att stänga dörrar. Valmanifestets svar på bristande försörjning och språkkunskaper är ett intensivår med språk, praktik och jobb. Att i stället göra det till socialtjänstens uppgift att uppmuntra just dessa personer till återvandring går rakt emot planens linje.

  • integration instead of returndecisive»Skapa ett intensivår för snabbare integration. Den som får uppehållstillstånd ska snabbt integreras och ges möjlighet att försörja sig själv.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create an intensive year for faster integration. Those who receive a residence permit should quickly integrate and be given the opportunity to support themselves.”
  • generous and humane migration policy»Centerpartiet strävar efter öppna gränser, fri rörlighet samt en generös och human flykting- och invandringspolitik.« (party programme ↗)“The Centre Party strives for open borders, free movement and a generous and humane refugee and immigration policy.”
  • make use of newcomers' competence»Vi måste bli bättre på att ta vara på den kompetens och företagsamhet som finns hos de människor som kommer till oss.« (party programme ↗)“We must become better at making use of the competence and enterprise that exists among the people who come to us.”
  • resistance to xenophobia»Främlingsfientlighet är ett av de mest allvarliga hot vårt samhälle och vår demokrati står inför.« (party programme ↗)“Xenophobia is one of the most serious threats our society and our democracy face.”
LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto demands a policy for integration instead of separation, and the party programme establishes that Sweden shall be an open country that welcomes new residents and that integration policy shall be general.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto demands a policy for integration instead of separation, and the party programme establishes that Sweden shall be an open country that welcomes new residents and that integration policy shall be general. The plan's answer to deficient livelihood and weak language skills is work, Swedish and demands for self-support, not return migration via social services. The plan thus argues for the counter-proposal's objection.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver en politik för integration i stället för separation, och partiprogrammet slår fast att Sverige ska vara ett öppet land som välkomnar nya invånare och att integrationspolitiken ska vara generell. Planens svar på bristande försörjning och svaga språkkunskaper är arbete, svenska och krav på egen försörjning, inte återvandring via socialtjänsten. Planen talar därför för motförslagets invändning.

  • integration not separationdecisive»Vi behöver en politik för integration i stället för separation.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We need a policy for integration instead of separation.”
  • open country that welcomes»Sverige ska vara ett öppet land som välkomnar nya invånare, ett land där vi oavsett ursprung« (party programme ↗)“Sweden shall be an open country that welcomes new residents, a country where regardless of origin”
  • general integration policy»Huvudprincipen för integrationspolitiken är att den ska vara generell.« (party programme ↗)“The main principle for integration policy is that it shall be general.”
  • valued asylum right»Asylrätten ska värnas där den med asylskäl ska stanna och den utan skäl lämnar landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The right of asylum shall be valued where those with asylum grounds shall stay and those without grounds leave the country.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The party programme establishes that serious and early information shall be given about opportunities for support at voluntary return, and the election manifesto requires a strict immigration policy.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme establishes that serious and early information shall be given about opportunities for support at voluntary return, and the election manifesto requires a strict immigration policy. The counter-proposal conversely wants to prevent the social services at all from informing about and encouraging voluntary return. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's demand.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast att seriös och tidig information ska ges om möjligheterna till stöd vid frivillig återvandring, och valmanifestet kräver en stram migrationspolitik. Motförslaget vill tvärtom hindra att socialtjänsten alls informerar om och uppmuntrar till frivillig återvandring. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets krav.

  • information about voluntary returndecisive»Det är viktigt att seriös och tidig information ges om möjligheterna till stöd vid frivillig återvandring.« (party programme ↗)“It is important that serious and early information is given about opportunities for support at voluntary return.”
  • strict immigration policy»Stram migrationspolitik krävs för att ta itu med integrationsproblem och utanförskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strict immigration policy is required to address integration problems and exclusion.”
  • self-sufficiency as aim»Människors vilja och förmåga till egenförsörjning ska tas tillvara.« (party programme ↗)“People's will and ability to be self-supporting shall be made use of.”
  • own responsibility in integration»Utgångspunkt för integrationspolitiken är att ge människor förutsättningar att kunna ta ansvar för sitt eget liv.« (party programme ↗)“The starting point for integration policy is to give people the conditions to be able to take responsibility for their own life.”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan states that it is of the utmost importance that those who received a no on their asylum application leave the country as soon as possible, and wants to both introduce a volume target for asylum reception and sharply increase the number of expulsions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan states that it is of the utmost importance that those who received a no on their asylum application leave the country as soon as possible, and wants to both introduce a volume target for asylum reception and sharply increase the number of expulsions. It also links welfare benefits to qualification through own work. The counter-proposal wants instead to prevent social services from working at all to inform about and encourage voluntary return, which goes against the plan's line.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att det är av största vikt att den som fått nej på sin asylansökan så fort som möjligt lämnar landet, och vill både införa ett volymmål för asylmottagandet och kraftigt öka antalet utvisningar. Den kopplar dessutom välfärdsförmåner till kvalificering genom eget arbete. Motförslaget vill i stället förhindra att socialtjänsten alls arbetar med att informera om och uppmuntra frivillig återvandring, vilket går emot planens linje.

  • rejection leads to departuredecisive»Av största vikt är att den som fått ett nej på asylansökan så fort som möjligt lämnar landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Of the utmost importance is that those who received a no on their asylum application leave the country as soon as possible.”
  • reduced immigration»Införa ett volymmål för asylmottagandet på nordiska nivåer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce a volume target for asylum reception at Nordic levels”
  • more departures»Kraftigt öka antalet utvisningar genom fler EU-gemensamma återtagandeavtal« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sharply increase the number of expulsions through more EU-wide readmission agreements”
  • qualification to welfare»Införa kvalificering till välfärden för nyanlända genom eget arbete eller genom permanent och laglig bosättning i landet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce qualification to welfare for newly arrived through own work or through permanent and legal residence in the country”
SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto requires an active return-migration policy and encourages voluntary return migration for immigrants in exclusion, explicitly for those who do not learn Swedish or support themselves.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto requires an active return-migration policy and encourages voluntary return migration for immigrants in exclusion, explicitly for those who do not learn Swedish or support themselves. The party programme wishes to give active and generous support to those who wish to return. The counter-proposal wishes to stop social services from guiding and encouraging return migration at all, and thereby goes directly against the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver en aktiv återvandringspolitik och att frivillig återvandring uppmuntras för invandrare i utanförskap, uttryckligen för den som inte lär sig svenska eller försörjer sig själv. Principprogrammet vill ge aktivt och generöst stöd till dem som önskar återvända. Motförslaget vill stoppa att socialtjänsten alls vägleder och uppmuntrar till återvandring och går därmed rakt emot planen.

  • encouraged voluntary return migrationdecisive»Uppmuntra frivillig återvandring för invandrare i utanförskap« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Encourage voluntary return migration for immigrants in exclusion”
  • active return-migration policy»Skapa en aktiv återvandringspolitik för personer som inte lyckas rota sig i Sverige« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create an active return-migration policy for persons who fail to establish themselves in Sweden”
  • outer limit in integration»Sverigedemokraterna strävar också efter en integrationspolitisk bortre gräns, som innebär att personer som inte lär sig svenska, inte vill arbeta och inte vill anpassa sig till våra normer och värderingar ska hjälpas att återvända hem.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats also strive for an integration-policy outer limit, meaning that persons who do not learn Swedish, do not wish to work and do not wish to adapt to our norms and values shall be helped to return home.”
  • support for return migration»stöd skall därför ges till de invandrare som önskar återvända till sina hemländer.« (party programme ↗)“support shall therefore be given to those immigrants who wish to return to their home countries.”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament