2024-12-172024/25:FöU2 · p.2FöUDefence

Total Defence's direction and capacity

Total defense's direction and capability under NATO membership – how should military capability be sized and where in the country should it be prioritized?

What's at stake: How defense capability is sized and where it is positioned determines how quickly Sweden and its allies can receive support in an attack, and how well strategically important areas - such as major metropolitan regions, Gotland, the west coast and parts of northern Sweden - can be defended and used to receive allied forces.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether total defense's national capability, which the committee and government say should be designed and sized to defend both Sweden and its allies against armed attack, should instead be explicitly oriented toward increased availability, immediately deployable war units, and a clearer focus on military regions' role in providing host-nation support in strategically important parts of the country.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee agrees with the government that total defense's overall goal should be the ability to defend Sweden and its population against armed attack, uphold the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and contribute to the defense of allies. The committee shares the assessment that, based on NATO membership, national capability should be designed and sized to defend both Sweden and its allies against armed attacks, and that this orientation should apply over time, even when the security situation appears more favorable.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (C)

The reservation (C) argues that, as a consequence of NATO membership, military defense should now be designed and sized not only to meet an armed attack on Sweden but also for deterrence and defense in a collective NATO context, with particular focus on strategically important areas such as the Stockholm region, Gotland, the Öresund region, the west coast and parts of northern Sweden. The reservation proposes that defense capability be developed so the whole country can be defended through increased availability, improved operational capability and immediately deployable war units, and that military regions' role in providing host-nation support be strengthened.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by C.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

The decision would have held

Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SSocialdemokraterna

Ja 269–21Ja 176–114

Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
SNoYes 93/0/0/13departs from the planagainst own programmeconfidence: mediumexplicit
MPYesAbstain 0/0/16/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: highderived
KDNoYes 17/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: highderived
MNoYes 60/0/0/8departs from the planconfidence: highderived
SDNoYes 63/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:1405 by Lars Wistedt et al. (SD) requests 1-3, 2024/25:2383 by Jesper Skalberg Karlsson (M), 2024/25:3023 by Peter Hultqvist et al. (S) request 1, 2024/25:3038 by Daniel Helldén et al. (MP) request 95 and 2024/25:3160 by Mikael Larsson et al. (C) request 1.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:1405 av Lars Wistedt m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1-3, 2024/25:2383 av Jesper Skalberg Karlsson (M), 2024/25:3023 av Peter Hultqvist m.fl. (S) yrkande 1, 2024/25:3038 av Daniel Helldén m.fl. (MP) yrkande 95 och 2024/25:3160 av Mikael Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 1.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal on an overarching goal for total defence new goals for military and civil defence the direction of the Swedish Armed Forces' war organization. The government's proposal involves a substantial strengthening of total defence, which consists of both military and civil operations.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The counter-proposal wants the military defence to be dimensioned for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context and that support for being a host country be strengthened.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants the military defence to be dimensioned for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context and that support for being a host country be strengthened. The election manifesto instead requires that the host country agreement with NATO be torn up and that Swedish non-alignment be restored, and the party programme aims to leave NATO. The plan therefore does not support a NATO-adapted sizing of defence.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill att det militära försvaret dimensioneras för avskräckning och försvar i en kollektiv Natokontext och att värdlandsstödet stärks. Valmanifestet kräver tvärtom att värdlandsavtalet med NATO rivs upp och att alliansfriheten återupprättas, och partiprogrammet siktar på att lämna Nato. Planen ger därför inte stöd för en Natoanpassad dimensionering av försvaret.

  • tear up host country agreementdecisive»Vänsterpartiet vill att Sverige river upp värdlandsavtalet med NATO.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Left Party wants Sweden to tear up the host country agreement with NATO.”
  • aim to leave NATO»med sikte på att lämna Nato.« (party programme ↗)“with the aim of leaving NATO.”
  • non-alignment»vi är det enda riksdagspartiet som konsekvent värnar och vill återupprätta svensk alliansfrihet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“we are the only Riksdag party that consistently values and wants to restore Swedish non-alignment.”
  • opposition to militarization»Vi vänder oss emot militarisering och kapprustning.« (party programme ↗)“We oppose militarization and arms race.”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planexplicit

The election manifesto binds the party to NATO membership, to two percent of GDP in allocations and to the increase being implemented in strengthened military presence throughout the country.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto binds the party to NATO membership, to two percent of GDP in allocations and to the increase being implemented in strengthened military presence throughout the country. The counter-proposal's demand that defence be sized also for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context, with capacity to defend the entire country, is precisely that direction. The plan also emphasizes continued international cooperation.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet binder partiet till Natomedlemskap, till anslag på två procent av BNP och till att ökningen omsätts i förstärkt militär närvaro över hela landet. Motförslagets krav att försvaret dimensioneras även för avskräckning och försvar i en kollektiv Natokontext, med förmåga att försvara hela landet, är just den inriktningen. Planen understryker dessutom fortsatta internationella samarbeten.

  • military presence throughout the countrydecisive»Vi vill att ökningen ska omsättas i bland annat fler värnpliktiga, modern materiel samt förstärkt militär närvaro över hela landet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want the increase to be implemented in among other things more conscripts, modern equipment and strengthened military presence throughout the country.”
  • NATO membership»Sverige ska gå med i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall join NATO.”
  • increased defence allocations»Anslagen till det militära försvaret ska öka till motsvarande två procent av BNP.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Allocations to military defence shall increase to corresponding two percent of GDP.”
  • international defence cooperation»Vi vill fortsätta internationella samarbeten och utveckla cyberförsvaret och underrättelseförmågan.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to continue international cooperation and develop cyber defence and intelligence capacity.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

MPMiljöpartietYesAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The counter-proposal wants to size the military for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context and strengthen military regions' host nation support.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants to size the military for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context and strengthen military regions' host nation support. The plan holds fast to military non-alignment and wants the leasing of Swedish territory to NATO to cease, which is the opposite of an expanded host nation role. Setting human security before territorial security also speaks against such an armament direction.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill dimensionera det militära försvaret för avskräckning och försvar i en kollektiv Natokontext och stärka militärregionernas värdlandsstöd. Planen håller fast vid militär alliansfrihet och vill att uthyrningen av svensk mark till Nato upphör, vilket är motsatsen till en utbyggd värdlandsroll. Att sätta mänsklig säkerhet före territoriell talar också mot en sådan upprustningsinriktning.

  • non-alignmentdecisive»Miljöpartiet de gröna värnar om den militära alliansfriheten och är därför mot anslutning till NATO.« (party programme ↗)“The Green Party values military non-alignment and is therefore against NATO membership.”
  • no host nation support for NATO»Uthyrningen av svensk mark till NATO och andra utländska militärstyrkor för krigsövningar ska också upphöra.« (party programme ↗)“The leasing of Swedish territory to NATO and other foreign military forces for military exercises shall also cease.”
  • independent security policy»Samtidigt vill vi att Sverige behåller sin militära alliansfrihet för att kunna fortsätta arbeta mot kärnvapen, för nedrustning och kunna bedriva en självständig utrikespolitik där vi står upp för mänskliga rättigheter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At the same time we want Sweden to retain its military non-alignment so that we can continue work toward nuclear disarmament, for disarmament and pursue an independent foreign policy where we stand up for human rights.”
  • human security first»Vi vill se en politik som sätter mänsklig säkerhet före territoriell.« (party programme ↗)“We want to see a policy that puts human security before territorial.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The election manifesto commits to rapidly and strongly strengthen the military defense within NATO membership and that security shall apply from the country's borders to your neighborhood, while the party programme requires the ability to defend one's entire territory.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto commits to rapidly and strongly strengthen the military defense within NATO membership and that security shall apply from the country's borders to your neighborhood, while the party programme requires the ability to defend one's entire territory. The counter-proposal's requirements for sizing for collective deterrence and for tangible capability in strategically important parts of the country follow from this. However, the plan does not name any geographic areas.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet åtar sig att rusta det militära försvaret snabbt och kraftfullt inom ett Natomedlemskap och att tryggheten ska gälla från landets gränser till ditt kvarter, medan partiprogrammet kräver förmåga att försvara hela det egna territoriet. Motförslagets krav på dimensionering för kollektiv avskräckning och på gripbar förmåga i strategiskt viktiga delar av landet följer av detta. Planen namnger dock inga geografiska områden.

  • rearmament within NATOdecisive»Sverige ska försvaras. Vi vill rusta det militära försvaret snabbt, kraftfullt och långsiktigt. Sverige behöver satsa två procent av BNP på försvaret så snart det är praktiskt möjligt och gå med i Nato.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall be defended. We want to strengthen military defense quickly, powerfully and sustainably. Sweden needs to invest two percent of GDP in defense as soon as practical and join NATO.”
  • security throughout the country»Vi ska stärka samhällskontraktet för ett tryggare och starkare Sverige, från landets gränser till ditt kvarter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We shall strengthen the social contract for a safer and stronger Sweden, from the country's borders to your neighborhood.”
  • defense of entire territory»Sverige måste därför kunna försvara sitt eget territorium.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden must therefore be able to defend its own territory.”
  • NATO and increased defense capability»Kommande mandatperiod kommer på många sätt att präglas av att föra Sverige in i Nato och höja vår försvarsförmåga, säkra vår energiförsörjning, men också hanteringen av en hög inflation och stigande kostnader för hushållen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The coming term will in many ways be characterized by bringing Sweden into NATO and increasing our defense capability, securing our energy supply, but also managing high inflation and rising costs for households.”
LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The election manifesto establishes that Sweden within NATO particularly should contribute with the infrastructure needed for strategic depth in the defense of Finland and the Baltic, which in substance is to dimension the defense in a collective NATO context and to strengthen host nation support.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto establishes that Sweden within NATO particularly should contribute with the infrastructure needed for strategic depth in the defense of Finland and the Baltic, which in substance is to dimension the defense in a collective NATO context and to strengthen host nation support. The plan also demands a significantly stronger military defense and that Sweden together with allies defends both Sweden and our part of the world. The party programme's wording that territorial defense should be decisive for the design qualifies but does not nullify the conclusion.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet slår fast att Sverige inom Nato särskilt ska bidra med den infrastruktur som behövs för strategiskt djup i försvaret av Finland och Baltikum, vilket i sak är att dimensionera försvaret i en kollektiv Natokontext och att stärka värdlandsstödet. Planen kräver dessutom ett betydligt starkare militärt försvar och att Sverige tillsammans med allierade försvarar både Sverige och vår del av världen. Partiprogrammets skrivning att territoriellt försvar ska vara avgörande för utformningen kvalificerar men upphäver inte slutsatsen.

  • host nation support and strategic depthdecisive»Sverige ska inom Nato särskilt kunna bidra med den infrastruktur som behövs för att skapa ett nödvändigt och strategiskt djup för försvaret av Finland och Baltikum.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall within NATO particularly be able to contribute with the infrastructure needed to create a necessary and strategic depth for the defense of Finland and the Baltic.”
  • collective defense within NATO»Därför ska Sverige gå med i Nato och tillsammans med USA, Kanada och våra europeiska grannar försvara både Sverige och vår del av världen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore Sweden shall join NATO and together with the USA, Canada and our European neighbors defend both Sweden and our part of the world.”
  • significantly strengthened defense»Sverige behöver ett betydligt starkare militärt försvar än i dag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs a significantly stronger military defense than today.”
  • territorial defense is determinative»Sveriges territorium och dess befolkning, ska vara avgörande för hur försvaret utformas.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's territory and its population, shall be decisive for how the defense is designed.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan requires a defence force whose strength, composition, readiness and deployment make it able to act as a war deterrent during security policy crises in the near area, and that territorial integrity and border protection be valued.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires a defence force whose strength, composition, readiness and deployment make it able to act as a war deterrent during security policy crises in the near area, and that territorial integrity and border protection be valued. Sweden shall be engaged in resolving security problems in Europe and the near area, and close NATO cooperation is a natural part of security policy. The counter-proposal's requirement for dimensioning for collective deterrence and deployable forces throughout the country follows from this.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en försvarsmakt vars styrka, sammansättning, beredskap och gruppering gör att den kan verka krigsavhållande vid säkerhetspolitiska kriser i närområdet, och att territoriell integritet och gränsskydd värnas. Sverige ska vara delaktigt i att lösa säkerhetsproblem i Europa och närområdet, och nära Natosamarbete är en naturlig del av säkerhetspolitiken. Motförslagets krav på dimensionering för kollektiv avskräckning och gripbara förband i hela landet följer av detta.

  • war deterrent capability in the near areadecisive»kan verka krigsavhållande vid säkerhetspolitiska kriser« (party programme ↗)“can act as a war deterrent during security policy crises”
  • value territorial integrity»värna territoriell integritet och utöva gränsskydd samt« (party programme ↗)“value territorial integrity and exercise border protection and”
  • shared responsibility for near-area security»att lösa säkerhetsproblem i Europa och närområdet, och efter förmåga även i övriga delar av världen.« (party programme ↗)“to resolve security problems in Europe and the near area, and to the extent of our ability also in other parts of the world.”
  • close NATO cooperation»med NATO bör, givet nämnda kriterier, vara en naturlig del av svensk säkerhetspolitik.« (party programme ↗)“with NATO should, given the aforementioned criteria, be a natural part of Swedish security policy.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan wants Sweden as a NATO member to be a security producer in the region and contribute concretely to the defence of allies, while also strengthening defence to uphold territorial integrity throughout the country.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants Sweden as a NATO member to be a security producer in the region and contribute concretely to the defence of allies, while also strengthening defence to uphold territorial integrity throughout the country. The counter-proposal's requirement that military defence is sized for deterrence and defence in a collective NATO context, with tangible forces and strengthened host nation support, is a clarification of precisely that ambition. The plan does not specify geographic focal points, which is why the conclusion is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att Sverige som Natomedlem ska vara säkerhetsproducent i närområdet och bidra konkret till försvaret av allierade, samtidigt som försvaret stärks för att hävda territoriell integritet i hela landet. Motförslagets krav att det militära försvaret dimensioneras även för avskräckning och försvar i kollektiv Natokontext, med gripbara förband och stärkt värdlandsstöd, är en precisering av just den ambitionen. Planen anger inga geografiska tyngdpunkter, varför slutsatsen är härledd.

  • security producer in the regiondecisive»Sverige ska som medlem i Nato vara en säkerhetsproducent i vårt närområde och även få ut mesta möjliga effekt av medlemskapet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should as a NATO member be a security producer in our region and also get maximum effect from membership.”
  • whole country must be defended»Försvaret måste stärkas för att vi bättre ska kunna försvara vårt land, hävda vår territoriella integritet och värna svenska intressen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Defence must be strengthened so we can better defend our country, uphold our territorial integrity and protect Swedish interests.”
  • collective defence in practice»Sverige bör bidra konkret till skyddet av våra vänner i de baltiska länderna, exempelvis genom att överväga att skicka bidrag till Natos stridsgrupper eller att delta med vårt stridsflyg i Natos incidentberedskap.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden should contribute concretely to the protection of our friends in the Baltic countries, for example by considering sending contributions to NATO battle groups or participating with our fighter jets in NATO's incident readiness.”
  • strengthened operational capability(2022 manifesto)

flags: citat_ej_verifierat

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan's central defense commitment is to re-establish total defense so that Sweden has the capacity to meet potential attackers and a war-deterrent capacity in a rapidly deteriorating regional environment.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's central defense commitment is to re-establish total defense so that Sweden has the capacity to meet potential attackers and a war-deterrent capacity in a rapidly deteriorating regional environment. The demands for increased readiness, immediately deployable combat units and the ability to defend the entire country are precisely the capability development the plan demands. The plan also wants to deepen regional defense and security cooperation, which includes host nation support.

Original (Swedish)

Planens bärande försvarsåtagande är att återupprätta totalförsvaret så att Sverige har förmåga att möta potentiella angripare och en krigsavhållande förmåga i ett snabbt försämrat närområde. Kravet på ökad tillgänglighet, omedelbart gripbara krigsförband och att hela landet kan försvaras är just den förmågeuppbyggnad planen efterfrågar. Planen vill dessutom fördjupa det regionala försvars- och säkerhetssamarbetet, vilket rymmer värdlandsstöd.

  • capacity to meet attackersdecisive»Sverigedemokraterna vill återupprätta totalförsvaret och att Sverige ska ha förmåga att möta potentiella angripare.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats want to re-establish total defense and that Sweden shall have the capacity to meet potential attackers.”
  • war-deterrent capability»Målet är en krigsavhållande försvarsförmåga med kapacitet att möta främmande aggressioner, men som också kan bistå samhället i kris eller oro.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The goal is a war-deterrent defense capability with capacity to meet foreign aggression, but also to assist society in crisis or unrest.”
  • armament in the region»Rusta Sverige inför en ny säkerhetspolitisk situation i vårt närområde« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Arm Sweden for a new security policy situation in our region”
  • deepened regional cooperation»Fördjupa det nordiska försvars- och säkerhetssamarbetet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Deepen Nordic defense and security cooperation”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

Share and embed

Embed as a widget (iframe): previewSizeLanguage

Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament