2023-05-112022/23:MJU13 · p.15MJUEnvironment & agriculture

Peat questions

Permits and rules for peat extraction

What's at stake: The decision affects the peat industry's ability to obtain extraction permits, for example for growing substrate and energy peat, while the climate impact of peatlands forms part of the wider context. It concerns peat producers and the farming and animal husbandry sectors that use peat.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether permitting for peat extraction should be made easier through a dedicated inquiry and adapted terminology, or whether the issue should be handled within the broader, already ongoing work to modernise environmental permitting.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee points to the fact that the Environmental Permitting Inquiry has already reviewed the system for environmental permitting and proposed measures for a more modern, efficient review, that the proposals are being processed within the Government Offices, and that a further inquiry for a more flexible and predictable review has been announced. Citing this ongoing work, the calls for a dedicated peat inquiry are rejected.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 23 (SD)

The reservation argues that a change in the law has made it significantly harder to get permits for peat production, threatening the entire industry. Increased peat extraction should be encouraged since peat serves useful functions and extraction takes place on land that is already affected, previously drained. The reservation calls for a broad inquiry into how peat as growing substrate, bedding material and energy peat can be better utilised, a review of the permitting process to make it easier to obtain permits, and for authorities to adapt their terminology so peat cultivation and harvest – rather than extraction of a finite resource – is the frame used.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 23 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 21/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
SYesYes 90/0/0/17follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPYesYes 14/0/0/4follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
CYesYes 20/0/0/4follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
LYesYes 14/0/0/2follows the planconfidence: highnot addressed
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MNoYes 56/0/0/12departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDown reservationNoNo 0/62/0/10follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:968 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) demands 1-3, 5 and 7-11 and 2022/23:972 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) demand 25.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:968 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1-3, 5 och 7-11 samt 2022/23:972 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkande 25.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected 140 proposals in motions concerning overarching environmental issues that were submitted during the general motion period of 2022, and primarily refers to ongoing work. Some of the proposals concern the environmental objectives system and the establishment of an independent agency for evaluation of environmental objectives. While other proposals concern changes in the Environmental Code, more efficient permit processes, wind power, legal standing questions, strengthened property rights, noise reference values, public procurement and environmental crimes.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly requires that drained wetlands that leak emissions shall be restored and that the forest's role in storing emissions is strengthened, and states that the country is in a climate emergency.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly requires that drained wetlands that leak emissions shall be restored and that the forest's role in storing emissions is strengthened, and states that the country is in a climate emergency. The counter-proposal wants instead to encourage increased peat extraction and make it easier to get permits for peat extraction on drained land. The plan makes long-term environmental considerations paramount and wants biomass to be used only as a by-product.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver uttryckligen att torrlagda våtmarker som läcker utsläpp ska återställas och att skogens roll att lagra utsläpp stärks, och konstaterar att landet befinner sig i ett klimatnödläge. Motförslaget vill tvärtom uppmuntra ökat torvbruk och göra det lättare att få tillstånd till torvutvinning på dikade marker. Planen gör dessutom de långsiktiga miljöhänsynen överordnade och vill att biomassa bara används som restprodukt.

  • restore drained wetlandsdecisive»Skogens roll att naturligt minska och lagra utsläpp behöver stärkas och torrlagda våtmarker som läcker utsläpp ska återställas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The forest's role in naturally reducing and storing emissions needs to be strengthened and drained wetlands that leak emissions should be restored.”
  • climate emergency»Vi befinner oss i ett klimatnödläge.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We are in a climate emergency.”
  • environmental considerations paramount»de långsiktiga miljöhänsynen måste vara överordnade« (party programme ↗)“long-term environmental considerations must be paramount”
  • biofuel only from by-products»Den skog som avverkas måste användas klokt där endast restprodukter ska användas till biobränsle.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The forest that is felled must be used wisely where only by-products are used for biofuel.”
SSocialdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan's decisive commitment is that Sweden shall have no net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and thereafter negative emissions, as the world's first fossil-free welfare nation, and that the energy system shall be converted to renewable sources.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's decisive commitment is that Sweden shall have no net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and thereafter negative emissions, as the world's first fossil-free welfare nation, and that the energy system shall be converted to renewable sources. A requirement to encourage increased peat extraction and make permits easier to obtain pulls in the opposite direction, as does protection of biological diversity. The plan therefore provides no support for the counter-proposal.

Original (Swedish)

Planens avgörande åtagande är att Sverige inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp 2045 och därefter negativa utsläpp, som världens första fossilfria välfärdsnation, och att energisystemet ska ställas om till förnybart. Ett krav på att uppmuntra ökat torvbruk och göra tillstånd lättare att få drar i motsatt riktning, liksom mot skyddet av den biologiska mångfalden. Planen ger därför inget stöd för motförslaget.

  • net zero target 2045decisive»År 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“By 2045, Sweden shall have no net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, and thereafter achieve negative emissions.”
  • fossil-free welfare nation»Sverige ska bli världens första fossilfria välfärdsnation.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden shall become the world's first fossil-free welfare nation.”
  • converted energy system»Vårt energisystem måste ställas om.« (party programme ↗)“Our energy system must be converted.”
  • protect biological diversity»biologiska mångfalden måste skyddas.« (party programme ↗)“biological diversity must be protected.”
MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The party programme explicitly states that peat shall be considered a fossil fuel, and the election manifesto wants to restore drained wetlands at a faster pace.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly states that peat shall be considered a fossil fuel, and the election manifesto wants to restore drained wetlands at a faster pace. The counter-proposal's demand for encouraged peat extraction, easier permits and terminology that speaks of harvesting rather than extraction goes directly against these commitments. The plan also wants to phase out fossil subsidies and restore wetlands for biodiversity.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår uttryckligen fast att torv ska betraktas som ett fossilt bränsle, och valmanifestet vill återställa torrlagda våtmarker i snabbare takt. Motförslagets krav på uppmuntrat torvbruk, lättare tillstånd och en terminologi som talar om skörd snarare än utvinning går rakt emot dessa åtaganden. Planen vill dessutom fasa ut fossila subventioner och återskapa våtmarker för biologisk mångfald.

  • peat is a fossil fueldecisive»Torv ska betraktas som ett fossilt bränsle.« (party programme ↗)“Peat shall be considered a fossil fuel.”
  • restore drained wetlands»återställa våtmarker som torrlagts i snabbare takt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“restore drained wetlands at a faster pace.”
  • restore wetlands»Naturskogar, våtmarker och andra utsatta vegetationstyper ska återskapas« (party programme ↗)“Natural forests, wetlands and other vulnerable vegetation types shall be restored”
  • no fossil subsidies»fasa ut fossila subventioner.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“phase out fossil subsidies.”
CCenterpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan's crucial commitment is to phase out fossil fuels and that it should cost more to pollute; encouraging increased peat use, including energy peat, goes in the opposite direction.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's crucial commitment is to phase out fossil fuels and that it should cost more to pollute; encouraging increased peat use, including energy peat, goes in the opposite direction. The plan moreover wants to restore wetlands rather than open more drained areas for harvest. That permission processes should become faster speaks in favour of some of the demand, but the climate line weighs heavier.

Original (Swedish)

Planens avgörande åtagande är att fasa ut fossila bränslen och att det ska kosta mer att smutsa ner; att uppmuntra ökat torvbruk, inklusive energitorv, går i motsatt riktning. Planen vill dessutom restaurera våtmarker snarare än öppna fler dikade marker för skörd. Att tillståndsprocesser ska bli snabbare talar visserligen för delar av kravet, men klimatlinjen väger tyngre.

  • phase out fossil fuelsdecisive»Vi vill stoppa all energihandel med Ryssland och fasa ut fossila bränslen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to stop all energy trade with Russia and phase out fossil fuels.”
  • the polluter pays»Det ska kosta mer att smutsa ner.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It should cost more to pollute.”
  • restore wetlands»Mer måste göras för att restaurera våtmarker, bekämpa invasiva arter och underlätta för markägare att bidra, då frivillighet och äganderätt är grunden för en bättre naturvård.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More must be done to restore wetlands, combat invasive species and make it easier for landowners to contribute, since voluntary action and ownership are the foundation for better nature conservation.”
  • faster permission processes»Det är dags att halvera tiden det tar att få tillstånd för gröna investeringar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is time to halve the time it takes to get permission for green investments”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto requires that natural carbon dioxide sequestration be strengthened by restoring more previously drained wetlands – the opposite of encouraging increased peat extraction on the same land.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto requires that natural carbon dioxide sequestration be strengthened by restoring more previously drained wetlands – the opposite of encouraging increased peat extraction on the same land. The party programme also wants bioenergy to be primarily extracted from waste products and that dependence on fossil fuels be broken. The counter-proposal's requirement for easier permission for peat production thus conflicts with the plan's climate and nature conservation commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver att den naturliga koldioxidinlagringen stärks genom att fler tidigare dikade våtmarker återställs – motsatsen till att uppmuntra ökat torvbruk på samma marker. Partiprogrammet vill dessutom att bioenergi i första hand utvinns ur avfallsprodukter och att beroendet av fossila bränslen bryts. Motförslagets krav på lättare tillstånd för torvproduktion strider därför mot planens klimat- och naturvårdsåtaganden.

  • restore wetlandsdecisive»Den naturliga koldioxidinlagringen ska stärkas genom att fler tidigare våtmarker återställs.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Natural carbon dioxide sequestration shall be strengthened by restoring more previously wetlands.”
  • bioenergy from waste products»även skada biologisk mångfald och konkurrera med matproduktion. Bioenergi bör i första hand utvinnas ur« (party programme ↗)“also damage biological diversity and compete with food production. Bioenergy should primarily be extracted from”
  • break fossil dependence»Att bryta beroendet av fossila bränslen är nödvändigt för klimatet. När förnybar energi byggs ut måste hänsyn« (party programme ↗)“Breaking dependence on fossil fuels is necessary for the climate. When renewable energy is expanded, consideration”
  • nature conservation's renaissance»Naturvården måste få en renässans.« (party programme ↗)“Nature conservation must have a renaissance.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The plan requires that fossil fuels be phased out from the energy sector and that energy supply be secured with domestic renewable sources as an increasing base, which speaks against encouraging increased peat use and energy peat.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that fossil fuels be phased out from the energy sector and that energy supply be secured with domestic renewable sources as an increasing base, which speaks against encouraging increased peat use and energy peat. The plan also wishes that wetlands be preserved and if necessary restored, while the counter-proposal wishes to make permits easier to obtain. The election manifesto's requirements for cost relief for agriculture provide some support for peat as a growing medium but do not outweigh the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att fossilbränslena fasas ut ur energisektorn och att energiförsörjningen tryggas med inhemska förnybara källor som växande bas, vilket talar mot att uppmuntra ökat torvbruk och energitorv. Planen vill dessutom att våtmarker bevaras och vid behov återställs, medan motförslaget vill göra tillstånd lättare att få. Valmanifestets krav på kostnadslättnader för lantbruket ger visst stöd för torv som odlingssubstrat men väger inte över.

  • phase out fossil fuelsdecisive»Fossilbränslena måste fasas ut från såväl energi- som« (party programme ↗)“Fossil fuels must be phased out from both the energy and”
  • preserve and restore wetlands»Våtmarker behöver bevaras och vid behov återställas,« (party programme ↗)“Wetlands need to be preserved and if necessary restored,”
  • renewable base in energy policy»Sveriges energiförsörjning ska tryggas genom en långsiktig energipolitik med fasta spelregler« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's energy supply shall be secured through a long-term energy policy with fixed ground rules”
  • relief for agriculture»Regeländringar och kostnadslättnader för svenskt lantbruk för att öka Sveriges självförsörjning och stärka lantbrukets konkurrenskraft.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Regulatory changes and cost relief for Swedish agriculture to increase Sweden's self-sufficiency and strengthen agriculture's competitiveness.”
MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants to reduce the number of rules for agriculture and shorten processing times for environmental permits, and states that Sweden's natural resources should be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to reduce the number of rules for agriculture and shorten processing times for environmental permits, and states that Sweden's natural resources should be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term. Making it easier to get permission for peat extraction and investigating how peat can be recovered is in line with that line and with industries being supported rather than controlled. Peat is not mentioned specifically, so the assessment is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill minska antalet regler för jordbruket och korta handläggningstiderna för miljötillstånd, och slår fast att Sveriges naturtillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och långsiktigt hållbart. Att göra det lättare att få tillstånd till torvbruk och utreda hur torv kan tas tillvara ligger i linje med den linjen och med att näringarna ska stöttas snarare än styras. Torv nämns inte särskilt, varför bedömningen är härledd.

  • simpler permits for industrydecisive»Minska antalet regler för jordbruket och korta handläggningstider för miljötillstånd« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce the number of rules for agriculture and shorten processing times for environmental permits”
  • natural resources should be utilized»Våra rika mineraltillgångar ska kunna utvinnas ansvarsfullt och långsiktigt hållbart.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our rich mineral resources should be able to be extracted responsibly and sustainably in the long term.”
  • support, not control»Vi ska stötta, inte styra, jord- och skogsbruket« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We should support, not control, agriculture and forestry”
  • strengthened use rights»Stärka ägande- och brukanderätten för jordbrukare« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen ownership and use rights for farmers”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan wants rural values to be utilised and that it becomes easier, with well-balanced environmental consideration, to create more activities and jobs, as well as that licensing processes are made more efficient and more predictable.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants rural values to be utilised and that it becomes easier, with well-balanced environmental consideration, to create more activities and jobs, as well as that licensing processes are made more efficient and more predictable. A broad investigation into peat production and easier licensing scrutiny lie within this, and peat as growing medium and litter material supports agricultural self-sufficiency. Peat is not mentioned in the documents, so coverage is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att landsbygdens värden tas till vara och att det med väl avvägd miljöhänsyn blir enklare att skapa fler verksamheter och jobb, samt att tillståndsprocesser effektiviseras och blir mer förutsägbara. En bred utredning om torvbruk och en lättare tillståndsprövning ligger inom det, och torv som odlingssubstrat och strömaterial stödjer jordbrukets självförsörjning. Torv nämns inte i dokumenten, varför täckningen är härledd.

  • utilise rural valuesdecisive»Sverige behöver en politik som tar till vara värdet ute i landsbygden och som gör det enklare att i kombination med en väl avvägd miljöhänsyn att skapa fler verksamheter, jobb och ökad tillväxt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs a policy that utilises the value in rural areas and that makes it easier in combination with well-balanced environmental consideration to create more activities, jobs and increased growth.”
  • easier licensing scrutiny»Effektivisera och öka förutsägbarheten i tillståndsprocesserna för gruvnäring, elnätsutbyggnad och industri« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Make licensing processes more efficient and increase predictability for mining, electricity network expansion and industry”
  • agriculture's competitiveness»Öka det svenska jordbrukets konkurrenskraft och Sveriges självförsörjning av livsmedel« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase Swedish agriculture's competitiveness and Sweden's self-sufficiency of food”
  • simplified regulations»Förenkla regelverken och förbättra rättssäkerheten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Simplify regulations and improve legal certainty”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament