2025-02-192024/25:MJU7 · p.12MJUEnvironment & agriculture

Cormorant Management

Cormorant management and its impact on fisheries

What's at stake: The growing cormorant population damages fish stocks and thereby commercial and recreational fishing, and negatively affects outdoor recreation and the coastal environment, making the question of how quickly and in what way the cormorant population should be limited important for both the fishing industry and nature conservation.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether parliament should now decide on concrete measures such as nationwide licensed cormorant hunting or oiling cormorant eggs, or whether it is sufficient to await the government's ongoing work on an updated management plan and a move toward general cormorant hunting.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee takes a serious view of the growth of the cormorant population and the damage it causes to the fishing industry, shares the government's view that cormorant management should be part of ecosystem-based marine management, and welcomes the government's intention to work toward general cormorant hunting. The committee notes that the national management plan has already been updated and that county administrative boards are to analyse and, if needed, propose further measures, and therefore opposes the motions.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 14 (S)

S holds that the cormorant population must be sharply limited to minimise the damage to the fishing industry, including by introducing licensed cormorant hunting nationwide and by considering the oiling of cormorant eggs.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 14 by S.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VYesYes 19/0/0/5follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
Sown reservationYesNo 0/90/0/16departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPYesYes 13/0/0/5follows the planconfidence: highderived
CNoAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
LYesYes 12/0/0/4follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
KDNoYes 14/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
MNoYes 57/0/0/11departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDNoAbstain 0/0/63/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:191 by Jonas Andersson (SD), 2024/25:499 by Martina Johansson (C) point 3, 2024/25:704 by Daniel Persson (SD), 2024/25:1305 by Runar Filper (SD), 2024/25:1369 by Martin Kinnunen et al. (SD) points 15, 16, 19 and 20, 2024/25:1396 by Mattias Eriksson Falk et al. (SD) point 16, 2024/25:2043 by Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage and Anna af Sillén (both M), 2024/25:2252 by Mattias Eriksson Falk and Roger Hedlund (both SD), 2024/25:2267 by Mattias Eriksson Falk and Roger Hedlund (both SD), 2024/25:2333 by Mattias Ottosson et al. (S) point 1, 2024/25:2398 by Viktor Wärnick (M), 2024/25:2469 by Anne-Li Sjölund et al. (C), 2024/25:2486 by Stina Larsson et al. (C) point 15 in this section, 2024/25:2912 by Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage and Anna af Sillén (both M), 2024/25:2978 by Markus Wiechel et al. (SD) point 1, 2024/25:3108 by Anna-Caren Sätherberg et al. (S) point 67 and 2024/25:3154 by Josefin Malmqvist et al. (M) points 1 and 2.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:191 av Jonas Andersson (SD), 2024/25:499 av Martina Johansson (C) yrkande 3, 2024/25:704 av Daniel Persson (SD), 2024/25:1305 av Runar Filper (SD), 2024/25:1369 av Martin Kinnunen m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 15, 16, 19 och 20, 2024/25:1396 av Mattias Eriksson Falk m.fl. (SD) yrkande 16, 2024/25:2043 av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage och Anna af Sillén (båda M), 2024/25:2252 av Mattias Eriksson Falk och Roger Hedlund (båda SD), 2024/25:2267 av Mattias Eriksson Falk och Roger Hedlund (båda SD), 2024/25:2333 av Mattias Ottosson m.fl. (S) yrkande 1, 2024/25:2398 av Viktor Wärnick (M), 2024/25:2469 av Anne-Li Sjölund m.fl. (C), 2024/25:2486 av Stina Larsson m.fl. (C) yrkande 15 i denna del, 2024/25:2912 av Ann-Sofie Lifvenhage och Anna af Sillén (båda M), 2024/25:2978 av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD) yrkande 1, 2024/25:3108 av Anna-Caren Sätherberg m.fl. (S) yrkande 67 och 2024/25:3154 av Josefin Malmqvist m.fl. (M) yrkandena 1 och 2.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 130 proposals concerning hunting and wildlife management in motions from the ordinary motion period 2024. The proposals concerned, for example, a review of hunting legislation and hunting seasons, a wildlife authority, moose management, wild boar management, cormorant management, lead ammunition, hunting and wildlife management duties, hunting for seals and hunting for large predators. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to the fact that work is already underway in the areas to which the proposals pertain.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The documents say nothing about cormorant.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The documents say nothing about cormorant. The nearest principle is the demand for deliberate and comprehensive work for rich ecosystems and warning against overexploitation of nature's resources. To drastically limit a bird population through licensed hunting throughout the country and oil the eggs goes further than what that ecosystem view bears, and the conclusion is therefore derived with low certainty.

Original (Swedish)

Dokumenten säger inget om skarv. Närmast liggande princip är kravet på ett medvetet och heltäckande arbete för rika ekosystem och varningen för överutnyttjande av naturens resurser. Att kraftigt begränsa en fågelpopulation genom licensjakt i hela landet och oljering av ägg går längre än vad den ekosystemsynen bär, och slutsatsen är därför härledd med låg säkerhet.

  • comprehensive ecosystem workdecisive»skapa goda villkor för rika ekosystem, bland annat genom att återställa« (party programme ↗)“create good conditions for rich ecosystems, among other things by restoring”
  • preserve biological diversity»Ett ständigt överutnyttjande av naturens resurser leder till kraftig utarmning av den biologiska mångfalden och växthusgasutsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Constant overexploitation of nature's resources leads to severe depletion of biological diversity and greenhouse gas emissions.”
  • holistic view over special interest»som utgår från en helhetssyn och inte« (party programme ↗)“that proceeds from a holistic view and not”
SSocialdemokraternaYesNodeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that species extinction is accelerating and that biological diversity must be protected, and that fisheries policy shall be based on environmental considerations and ethical animal husbandry.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that species extinction is accelerating and that biological diversity must be protected, and that fisheries policy shall be based on environmental considerations and ethical animal husbandry. To severely limit the cormorant population through licensed hunting throughout the country and oiling of eggs goes against that prioritisation. Cormorant management is not addressed in the plan, so the position is derived and uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att artdöden accelererar och att den biologiska mångfalden måste skyddas, och att fiskeripolitiken ska utgå från miljöhänsyn och etisk djurhållning. Att kraftigt begränsa skarvpopulationen genom licensjakt i hela landet och oljering av ägg går emot den prioriteringen. Skarvförvaltning behandlas inte i planen, så ställningstagandet är härlett och osäkert.

  • protect biological diversitydecisive»biologiska mångfalden måste skyddas.« (party programme ↗)“biological diversity must be protected.”
  • threatened biological diversity»Samtidigt accelererar artdöden och den biologiska mångfalden hotas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Meanwhile species extinction is accelerating and biological diversity is threatened.”
  • ethical animal husbandry»och etisk djurhållning är grundprinciper.« (party programme ↗)“and ethical animal husbandry are basic principles.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietYesYesfollows the planderived

The plan demands an ecosystem-based marine management where ecosystems set the limits, that conservation interests have priority in hunting and that all animals have an intrinsic value regardless of benefit to humans.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan demands an ecosystem-based marine management where ecosystems set the limits, that conservation interests have priority in hunting and that all animals have an intrinsic value regardless of benefit to humans. It furthermore wants to strengthen the protection of key biotopes in water. To significantly limit the cormorant population through licensed hunting across the country and oiling of eggs goes against this prioritization of ecosystems and animal protection.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en ekosystembaserad havsförvaltning där ekosystemen sätter gränserna, att naturvårdsintressen får företräde vid jakt och att alla djur har ett egenvärde oavsett nyttan för människan. Den vill dessutom stärka skyddet av nyckelbiotoper i vatten. Att kraftigt begränsa skarvpopulationen genom licensjakt i hela landet och oljering av ägg går emot denna prioritering av ekosystem och djurskydd.

  • ecosystem-based marine managementdecisive»låt ekosystemen i haven sätta gränserna för hur mycket fisk som får fångas, inför en ekosystembaserad havsförvaltning och gå över till skonsamma fiskemetoder.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“let ecosystems in the sea set the limits for how much fish may be caught, introduce ecosystem-based marine management and move to conservation-friendly fishing methods.”
  • conservation interests have priority»fokus vid jakt och att naturvårdsintressen får« (party programme ↗)“focus in hunting and that conservation interests get”
  • animals' intrinsic value»Alla djur har ett egenvärde oavsett deras nyttighet« (party programme ↗)“All animals have an intrinsic value regardless of their utility”
  • protection of marine key biotopes»skydd av nyckelbiotoper i vatten och av områden« (party programme ↗)“protection of key biotopes in water and of areas”
CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan values small-scale fishing and sport fishing against harm and requires active wildlife management where nature conservation harmonizes with the possibility of conducting activities without risking loss of property.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan values small-scale fishing and sport fishing against harm and requires active wildlife management where nature conservation harmonizes with the possibility of conducting activities without risking loss of property. Licensed hunting of cormorants throughout the country and measures against the population's growth are such management measures to protect fishing. However, the cormorant is not explicitly mentioned in the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen värnar den småskaliga fiskenäringen och sportfisket mot skador och kräver en aktiv viltförvaltning där naturvården harmonierar med möjligheten att bedriva verksamhet utan att riskera förlust av egendom. Licensjakt på skarv i hela landet och åtgärder mot beståndets tillväxt är sådana förvaltningsåtgärder till skydd för fisket. Skarv nämns dock inte uttryckligen i planen.

  • safeguard small-scale fishingdecisive»Skadlig bottentrålning ska inte få förstöra för varken havsmiljön, den småskaliga fiskenäringen eller sportfisket.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Destructive bottom trawling shall not be allowed to destroy the marine environment, small-scale fishing or sport fishing.”
  • active wildlife management»ska kombineras med en aktiv förvaltning av rovdjur och klövvilt« (party programme ↗)“shall be combined with active management of predators and hoofed game”
  • protection against wildlife damage»möjligheter att leva och bedriva verksamheter utan att riskera förlust av djur och annan egendom.« (party programme ↗)“opportunities to live and conduct activities without risking loss of animals and other property.”
  • fishing and hunting as livelihood»Svenskt jordbruk, fiske och jakt ska ta ledningen« (party programme ↗)“Swedish agriculture, fishing and hunting shall take the lead”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

Cormorants are not addressed in the documents.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

Cormorants are not addressed in the documents. The plan's closest commitments are that nature conservation shall have a renaissance, that threatened species are protected and that the most valuable marine areas are protected as marine reserves, which argues against strongly restricting a bird population through licensed hunting throughout the country and oiling eggs. That the regulations shall favour small-scale and coastal fishing points in the opposite direction, so the evidence is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Skarven behandlas inte i dokumenten. Planens närmast liggande åtaganden är att naturvården ska få en renässans, att hotade arter skyddas och att de mest värdefulla havsområdena skyddas som marina reservat, vilket talar mot att kraftigt begränsa en fågelpopulation genom licensjakt i hela landet och oljering av ägg. Att regelverket ska gynna småskaligt och kustnära fiske pekar åt motsatt håll, så underlaget är svagt.

  • strengthened nature conservationdecisive»Naturvården måste få en renässans.« (party programme ↗)“Nature conservation must have a renaissance.”
  • species protection»Hotade växter och djur ska skyddas genom fridlysning« (party programme ↗)“Threatened plants and animals shall be protected through protective designation”
  • protected marine areas»de mest värdefulla havsområdena skyddas som marina reservat« (2022 manifesto ↗)“the most valuable marine areas are protected as marine reserves”
  • favour coastal fishing»Regelverket ska gynna småskaligt och kustnära fiske« (party programme ↗)“The regulations shall favour small-scale and coastal fishing”
KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme requires that the Swedish fishing industry be given conditions to remain viable, emphasizes its regional political importance and establishes that wildlife shall be managed so that coexistence with other interests is possible, with the possibility of protective hunting to protect life and property.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme requires that the Swedish fishing industry be given conditions to remain viable, emphasizes its regional political importance and establishes that wildlife shall be managed so that coexistence with other interests is possible, with the possibility of protective hunting to protect life and property. Significantly limiting the cormorant population through licensed hunting throughout the country follows from these commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet kräver att den svenska fiskerinäringen ges förutsättningar att vara livskraftig, framhåller dess regionalpolitiska betydelse och slår fast att vilt ska förvaltas så att samexistens med andra intressen är möjlig, med möjlighet till skyddsjakt för att värna liv och egendom. Att kraftigt begränsa skarvpopulationen genom licensjakt i hela landet följer av dessa åtaganden.

  • viable fishing industrydecisive»Den svenska fiskerinäringen måste ges förutsättningar att även i framtiden vara livskraftig« (party programme ↗)“The Swedish fishing industry must be given conditions to also in future be viable”
  • coexistence with industries»att samexistens med andra intressen är möjlig« (party programme ↗)“that coexistence with other interests is possible”
  • protective hunting for life and property»möjlighet till skyddsjakt för att värna liv« (party programme ↗)“possibility for protective hunting to protect life”
  • the regional importance of fishing»Den regionalpolitiska betydelsen av svenskt fiske är stor.« (party programme ↗)“The regional political importance of Swedish fishing is great.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan uses hunting as a management tool when a stock damages other interests – the wolf population should be reduced through increased hunting – and it explicitly wants to save the fishing industry from declining stocks.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan uses hunting as a management tool when a stock damages other interests – the wolf population should be reduced through increased hunting – and it explicitly wants to save the fishing industry from declining stocks. Licensed hunting of cormorants throughout the country to limit fishing damage follows from this line. The plan does not mention the cormorant, hence inferred.

Original (Swedish)

Planen använder jakt som förvaltningsverktyg när ett bestånd skadar andra intressen – vargstammen ska minskas genom ökad jakt – och den vill uttryckligen rädda fiskerinäringen från minskade bestånd. Licensjakt på skarv i hela landet för att begränsa skadorna på fisket följer av den linjen. Planen nämner inte skarven, därav inferred.

  • save the fishing industrydecisive»Fiskerinäringen har drabbats hårt av minskade bestånd på senare år« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The fishing industry has been hard hit by declining stocks in recent years”
  • population management hunting»Verka för att minska vargstammen i Sverige till 170 vargar – genom ökad jakt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Work to reduce the wolf population in Sweden to 170 wolves – through increased hunting”
  • protect fish stocks»Stävja minskningen av sill-/strömmingsbestånden i Östersjön genom att flytta gränsen för trålfiske från fyra till tolv nautiska mil« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Curb the decline of herring/sprat stocks in the Baltic Sea by moving the trawling boundary from four to twelve nautical miles”
  • hunting as management»Jägarnas insatser är en starkt bidragande orsak till att vi har livskraftiga viltstammar i landet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Hunters' efforts are a strong contributing reason why we have viable wildlife populations in the country”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan requires long-term management of wildlife stocks for a good balance between humans and animals and between different animal species, and wants to facilitate hunting where wildlife is abundant.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires long-term management of wildlife stocks for a good balance between humans and animals and between different animal species, and wants to facilitate hunting where wildlife is abundant. It also establishes that marine and aquatic environments should be prioritised and that the marine environment in the Baltic Sea should be restored faster. The counter-proposal's requirement for significantly limited cormorant population through licensed hunting throughout the country follows from these commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver långsiktig förvaltning av viltbestånden för en god balans mellan människor och djur och mellan olika djurarter, och vill underlätta jakt där viltet är rikligt. Den slår också fast att havs- och vattenmiljön ska prioriteras och att havsmiljön i Östersjön ska återställas snabbare. Motförslagets krav på kraftigt begränsad skarvpopulation genom licensjakt i hela landet följer av dessa åtaganden.

  • balance between animal speciesdecisive»Det finns behov av att långsiktigt förvalta bestånden av vilt för att uppnå en god balans mellan människor och djur – liksom mellan olika djurarter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“There is a need to long-term manage wildlife stocks to achieve a good balance between humans and animals – as well as between different animal species.”
  • facilitate hunting with high stocks»Underlätta jakt i områden med mycket vilt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Facilitate hunting in areas with lots of wildlife”
  • prioritised marine environment»Vår havs- och vattenmiljö måste prioriteras tydligare framför ett allt för intensivt fiske och omfattande vindkraftsutbyggnad.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our marine and aquatic environment must be prioritised more clearly over excessively intensive fishing and extensive wind power expansion.”
  • restore the marine environment»Öka takten i arbetet med att återställa havsmiljön i Östersjön« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Increase the pace of work to restore the marine environment in the Baltic Sea”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament