2024-12-172024/25:FöU2 · p.7FöUDefence

Future defence decisions and the Defence Commission's role

Future defense decisions and the role of the Defence Commission – how is cross-party anchoring ensured as NATO membership changes the decision process?

What's at stake: The Defence Commission's working method has historically given total defense's direction broad political anchoring by involving all parties in the discussions. If NATO membership means decisions must in practice be synchronized with NATO's planning cycles, there is a risk that this broad anchoring will be weakened, which could affect how stable and long-term total defense decisions can be maintained over time.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the government's current approach — in which the next steps in total defense's development build on the Defence Commission's proposals as part of a long-term development — is sufficient, or whether the government should instead specifically report back to the Riksdag with a proposal on how the cross-party decision process for total defense's direction should be preserved now that NATO membership is changing the planning.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee notes that the government's proposal follows the Defence Commission's and involves continued reinforcements to both the military and civil defense. The committee observes that the emphasis in the Defence Commission's proposals is on measures that increase capability in the near term, and that these should be seen as steps in a long-term development rather than an end goal. On this point, the committee does not take a separate position on a call to preserve the cross-party decision process.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 9 (V)

The reservation (V) argues that NATO membership changes Sweden's decision process for total defense's direction, since NATO's planning is not synchronized with Sweden's own, long-running Defence Commission process in which all parties take part and which gives total defense democratic anchoring. The reservation holds that the government should report back to the Riksdag with a proposal on how this cross-party decision process can be preserved despite NATO membership.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 9 by V.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoYes 93/0/0/13departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
MPNoYes 16/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoYes 21/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: lownot addressed
KDNoYes 17/0/0/2departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MYesYes 60/0/0/8follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
SDNoYes 63/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: lowderived

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motion 2024/25:3247 by Hanna Gunnarsson et al. (V) request 4.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2024/25:3247 av Hanna Gunnarsson m.fl. (V) yrkande 4.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag approved the government's proposal on an overarching goal for total defence new goals for military and civil defence the direction of the Swedish Armed Forces' war organization. The government's proposal involves a substantial strengthening of total defence, which consists of both military and civil operations.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The party programme states that the Armed Forces need to be clearly embedded in democratic structures and that the people's political power is exercised by the Riksdag.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme states that the Armed Forces need to be clearly embedded in democratic structures and that the people's political power is exercised by the Riksdag. A cross-party preparation process is precisely what gives the total defence direction democratic grounding, and the plan is at the same time critical of NATO's planning steering Swedish decisions. The counter-proposal's demand to preserve the process therefore aligns with the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet slår fast att Försvarsmakten behöver vara tydligt inordnad i demokratiska strukturer och att folkets politiska makt utövas av riksdagen. En partiöverskridande beredningsprocess är just det som ger totalförsvarets inriktning demokratisk förankring, och planen är samtidigt kritisk mot att Natos planering styr svenska beslut. Motförslagets krav på att bevara processen ligger därför i linje med planen.

  • democratic control over defencedecisive»vara tydligt inordnade i demokratiska strukturer.« (party programme ↗)“be clearly embedded in democratic structures.”
  • the Riksdag's power»Folkets politiska makt över staten ska utövas av riksdagen« (party programme ↗)“The people's political power over the state should be exercised by the Riksdag”
  • criticism of NATO steering»Därför är Vänsterpartiet motståndare till Sveriges allt djupare militära samarbete med NATO och EU, och vi är det enda riksdagspartiet som konsekvent värnar och vill återupprätta svensk alliansfrihet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore the Left Party is opposed to Sweden's increasingly deeper military cooperation with NATO and EU, and we are the only parliament party that consistently upholds and wants to restore Swedish military non-alignment.”
  • popular grounding»Försvarsmakten spelar roller i samhället som innebär att de behöver« (party programme ↗)“The Armed Forces play roles in society which means they need”
SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan says nothing explicitly about the Defence Commission's role, but the party programme values representative democracy and democratic grounding of decisions highly, and the election manifesto builds defence as a strong people's defence.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan says nothing explicitly about the Defence Commission's role, but the party programme values representative democracy and democratic grounding of decisions highly, and the election manifesto builds defence as a strong people's defence. The manifesto also shows a clear will to seek broad agreements with other parties on strategic issues. From this follows support for the requirement to develop proposals on how the cross-party decision-making process can be preserved despite NATO membership.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger inget uttryckligen om Försvarsberedningens roll, men partiprogrammet håller den representativa demokratin och den demokratiska förankringen av beslut högt, och valmanifestet bygger försvaret som ett starkt folkförsvar. Manifestet visar också en uttalad vilja att söka breda överenskommelser med andra partier i strategiska frågor. Ur detta följer stöd för kravet att ta fram förslag på hur den partiöverskridande beslutsprocessen kan bevaras trots Natomedlemskapet.

  • democratic grounding of decisionsdecisive»Den representativa demokratin är det mest effektiva demokratiska beslutssystemet.« (party programme ↗)“Representative democracy is the most effective democratic decision-making system.”
  • defence rooted in the people»Sverige behöver bygga ett starkt folkförsvar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to build a strong people's defence.”
  • broad cross-party agreements»Efter valet vill vi se en ny energiöverenskommelse för Sveriges bästa, och vill därför föra energipolitiska samtal med andra partier om allt från vindkraft till kärnkraft.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“After the election we want to see a new energy agreement for Sweden's benefit, and therefore want to conduct energy policy discussions with other parties on everything from wind power to nuclear power.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The counter-proposal wants to protect a cross-party decision-making process that gives total defence democratic grounding.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal wants to protect a cross-party decision-making process that gives total defence democratic grounding. The plan's overarching principle is that common concerns shall be decided through openness, free debate and democratic decisions, and that international commitments must not move power away from elected representatives. The election manifesto's requirement for protection against rapid constitutional changes points in the same direction, even though the plan does not mention the defence commission.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget vill värna en partiöverskridande beslutsprocess som ger totalförsvaret demokratisk förankring. Planens genomgående princip är att gemensamma angelägenheter ska avgöras genom öppenhet, fri debatt och demokratiska beslut, och att internationella åtaganden inte får flytta makt bort från de folkvalda. Valmanifestets krav på skydd mot snabba förändringar av grundlagen pekar i samma riktning, även om planen inte nämner försvarsberedningen.

  • democratic considerationdecisive»Våra gemensamma angelägenheter ska hanteras med öppenhet, respekt, fri debatt och demokratiska beslut.« (party programme ↗)“Our common concerns shall be handled with openness, respect, free debate and democratic decisions.”
  • parliamentary control of supranationality»Vi vill att medlemsländernas egna parlament ska ges reell möjlighet att kontrollera att EU inte fattar beslut utanför sina befogenheter.« (party programme ↗)“We want member states' own parliaments to be given a real opportunity to control that the EU does not make decisions outside its powers.”
  • slow constitutional change»skydda Sveriges grundlag mot snabba förändringar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“protect Sweden's constitution against rapid changes.”
  • participatory democracy»Vi tror på en demokrati med aktiva och delaktiga medborgare.« (party programme ↗)“We believe in a democracy with active and engaged citizens.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The election manifesto makes broad, long-term agreements with parties from both left and right a key working method and explicitly wants to protect the position of the opposition in the Riksdag.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto makes broad, long-term agreements with parties from both left and right a key working method and explicitly wants to protect the position of the opposition in the Riksdag. The counter-proposal's requirement for a proposal on how the cross-party decision-making process for total defence can be preserved after Nato membership is in line with that approach. However, the plan says nothing about the form of the Defence Commission.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet gör breda, långsiktiga överenskommelser med partier från både vänster och höger till en bärande arbetsmetod och vill uttryckligen skydda oppositionens ställning i riksdagen. Motförslagets krav på ett förslag om hur den partiöverskridande beslutsprocessen för totalförsvaret kan bevaras efter Natomedlemskapet ligger i linje med den linjen. Planen säger dock inget om Försvarsberedningens form.

  • broad long-term agreementsdecisive»Vi värderar samarbete, ansvarstagande och resultat framför politiskt spel. Vi prioriterar långsiktiga, gemensamma lösningar med partier från både vänster och höger.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We value cooperation, responsibility-taking and results over political games. We prioritise long-term, joint solutions with parties from both left and right.”
  • protect the position of the opposition»Våra demokratiska institutioner behöver skydd. Vi vill göra det svårare att ändra grundlagen, skydda oppositionens ställning i riksdagen och stärka domstolarnas oberoende.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Our democratic institutions need protection. We want to make it harder to change the constitution, protect the position of the opposition in the Riksdag and strengthen the independence of the courts.”
  • cooperation across block borders»Det bästa för Sverige vore om fler partier hade mod att samarbeta över den traditionella blockgränsen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The best for Sweden would be if more parties had the courage to cooperate across the traditional block border.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan does not address the Defence Commission or how defence decisions shall be prepared.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan does not address the Defence Commission or how defence decisions shall be prepared. The nearest principle is that the responsibility for democracy's continuance ultimately lies with the citizens and that there is a need for more opportunities to follow the political process and influence decision-making. Based on that principle, preserving the cross-party decision-making process is close to the plan's view of democratic anchoring, but the evidence is weak.

Original (Swedish)

Planen behandlar inte Försvarsberedningen eller hur försvarsbeslut ska förberedas. Närmast liggande princip är att ansvaret för demokratins fortlevnad ytterst ligger hos medborgarna och att det behövs fler möjligheter att följa den politiska processen och påverka beslutsfattandet. Utifrån den principen ligger ett bevarande av den partiöverskridande beslutsprocessen nära planens syn på demokratisk förankring, men underlaget är svagt.

  • democratic anchoringdecisive»Ansvaret för demokratins fortlevnad ligger ytterst hos medborgarna själva.« (party programme ↗)“The responsibility for democracy's continuance ultimately lies with the citizens themselves.”
  • transparency in the political process»möjligheter att följa den politiska processen och påverka beslutsfattandet.« (party programme ↗)“opportunities to follow the political process and influence decision-making.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan is based on the idea of human imperfection: no party owns the whole truth and too much power must not be placed in a single group's or a single party's hands.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan is based on the idea of human imperfection: no party owns the whole truth and too much power must not be placed in a single group's or a single party's hands. Defence shall moreover be anchored to the people through a general total defence obligation, and Sweden shall independently take a stance on participation in joint territorial defence. That valuing a cross-party decision process despite NATO membership follows from these commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Planen bygger på ofullkomlighetstanken: inget parti äger hela sanningen och för mycket makt får inte läggas i en enskild grupps eller ett enskilt partis händer. Försvaret ska dessutom vara förankrat hos folket genom en allmän totalförsvarsplikt, och Sverige ska självständigt ta ställning till deltagande i gemensamt territorialförsvar. Att värna en partiöverskridande beslutsprocess trots Natomedlemskapet följer av dessa åtaganden.

  • no party owns the whole truthdecisive»inget politiskt parti ensamt står för den kompletta sanningen.« (party programme ↗)“no political party alone stands for the complete truth.”
  • division of power necessary»makt inte får läggas i en enskild människas, grupps eller partis händer.« (party programme ↗)“power must not be placed in a single person's, group's or party's hands.”
  • defence anchored to the people»Alla svenska medborgare ska omfattas av en total« (party programme ↗)“All Swedish citizens shall be covered by a total”
  • national self-determination»självständigt få ta ställning till deltagande i ett eventuellt gemensamt territorialförsvar.« (party programme ↗)“independently take a stance on participation in a possible joint territorial defence.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaYesYesfollows the plannot addressed

The documents say nothing about the Defence Commission or how the decision process for total defence should be organized.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The documents say nothing about the Defence Commission or how the decision process for total defence should be organized. The closest commitments point to faster and more unified management – a national security council at the Office of the Prime Minister and that defence is prepared for NATO membership – rather than preserving a long cross-party preparation process. The position is therefore derived and uncertain.

Original (Swedish)

Dokumenten säger ingenting om Försvarsberedningen eller om hur beslutsprocessen för totalförsvaret ska ordnas. Närmast liggande åtaganden pekar mot snabbare och mer samlad styrning – ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen och att försvaret förbereds för Natomedlemskapet – snarare än mot att bevara en lång partiöverskridande beredningsprocess. Ställningstagandet är därför härlett och osäkert.

  • unified security leadershipdecisive»Inrätta ett nationellt säkerhetsråd på Statsrådsberedningen« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Establish a national security council at the Office of the Prime Minister”
  • adaptation to NATO»Förbereda försvaret för svenskt Natomedlemskap« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Prepare defence for Swedish NATO membership”
  • action before lengthy processes»en offensiv reformpolitik som på allvar kan ta itu med samhällsproblemen och få något gjort« (2022 manifesto ↗)“an offensive reform policy that can seriously tackle society's problems and get things done”

flags: citat_migrerat

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan emphasizes that long-term determination is required to build a credible and sustainable defense and that financing should be guaranteed long-term, which requires a stable and broad decision-making process.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan emphasizes that long-term determination is required to build a credible and sustainable defense and that financing should be guaranteed long-term, which requires a stable and broad decision-making process. The plan also wants to increase democratic legitimacy by bringing decisions closer to citizens and strengthening national self-determination. Developing a proposal for how the cross-party process is preserved despite NATO membership is in that direction, but the plan does not mention the preparation form.

Original (Swedish)

Planen framhåller att långsiktig målmedvetenhet krävs för att bygga ett trovärdigt och uthålligt försvar och att finansieringen ska garanteras långsiktigt, vilket förutsätter en stabil och bred beslutsprocess. Planen vill dessutom öka den demokratiska legitimiteten genom att föra beslut närmare medborgarna och stärka det nationella självbestämmandet. Att ta fram ett förslag på hur den partiöverskridande processen bevaras trots Natomedlemskapet ligger i den riktningen, men planen nämner inte beredningsformen.

  • long-term determinationdecisive»Säkerhetsläget i omvärlden och närområdet har snabbt förvärrats under det gångna decenniet och långsiktig målmedvetenhet krävs för att säkerställa ett trovärdigt, modernt och uthålligt försvar som både är krigsavhållande och kan verka över tid.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The security situation in the world and region has rapidly deteriorated over the past decade and long-term determination is required to ensure a credible, modern and sustainable defense that both is a war deterrent and can act over time.”
  • democratic legitimacy»För att öka den demokratiska legitimiteten bör beslut så långt det går föras närmre medborgarna.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“To increase democratic legitimacy, decisions should as far as possible be brought closer to citizens.”
  • long-term financing»Garantera den långsiktiga finansieringen av ett starkt försvar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Guarantee the long-term financing of a strong defense”
  • national self-determination»Stärka det nationella självbestämmandet« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Strengthen national self-determination”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament