2023-06-072022/23:MJU16 · p.17MJUEnvironment & agriculture
Nature-Based Climate Solutions
Nature-based climate solutions
What's at stake: The decision affects the pace and clarity with which nature-based methods — such as restored wetlands and increased carbon storage in soil and forests — are used in climate work, and thereby also the potential to simultaneously strengthen biodiversity.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether Sweden should actively develop a comprehensive national strategy for nature-based climate solutions and negative emissions, including wetland rewetting and carbon capture and storage, or whether it is sufficient to rely on ongoing agency work and EU agricultural policy without a new parliamentary initiative.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee sees nature-based solutions as an important tool for slowing climate change and managing its effects, and welcomes the fact that EU agricultural policy and several agencies are already working on this, including on organic soils. With reference to measures already taken and work already under way, including within a climate policy inquiry, the committee rejects the motions.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 30 (MP)
The reservation (MP) wants the government to develop a national strategy for negative emissions covering the whole chain — capture, transport and final storage — including nature-based climate solutions, since the climate crisis and the biodiversity crisis are closely linked. Relevant agencies should be tasked with analysing the overall technical and sustainable potential for increased carbon storage, including through wetland rewetting, and negative emissions must never be used as an excuse for continued use of fossil fuels.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 30 by MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: LLiberalerna, VVänsterpartiet
Ja 290–15Ja 255–50
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
| S | No | Yes 94/0/0/13 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| MP | No | No 0/15/0/3 | match | confidence: high | not addressed |
| C | No | Yes 21/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| L | No | Yes 14/0/0/2 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | differs | confidence: medium | not addressed |
| SD | Yes | Yes 63/0/0/9 | match | confidence: medium | not addressed |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2022/23:2110 by Per Bolund et al. (MP) points 1 and 11 and 2022/23:2175 by Per Bolund et al. (MP) points 4, 63 and 64.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2022/23:2110 av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 1 och 11 samt 2022/23:2175 av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 4, 63 och 64.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag said no to approximately 120 motions concerning climate issues that arrived during the general petition period 2022. The proposals concern, among other things, international climate work, climate work within the EU, overarching Swedish climate policy, negative emissions and supplementary measures, national climate investments, transport sector climate transition, climate adaptation. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to ongoing work in the areas covered by the motions.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to expand measures to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (MP) — Reservation 30
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan explicitly states that the forest's role in naturally reducing and storing emissions shall be strengthened, that drained wetlands that leak emissions shall be restored and that the forest's function as a carbon sink must be preserved.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly states that the forest's role in naturally reducing and storing emissions shall be strengthened, that drained wetlands that leak emissions shall be restored and that the forest's function as a carbon sink must be preserved. It moreover links the climate crisis to the depletion of biological diversity. A national strategy for negative emissions that includes nature-based solutions and rewetting is therefore directly in line with the plan.
Original (Swedish)
Planen säger uttryckligen att skogens roll att naturligt lagra utsläpp ska stärkas, att torrlagda våtmarker som läcker utsläpp ska återställas och att skogens funktion som kolsänka måste bevaras. Den kopplar också klimatkrisen till utarmningen av den biologiska mångfalden. En nationell strategi för negativa utsläpp som omfattar naturbaserade lösningar och återvätning ligger därmed direkt i linje med planen.
- restore wetlandsdecisive»Skogens roll att naturligt minska och lagra utsläpp behöver stärkas och torrlagda våtmarker som läcker utsläpp ska återställas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The forest's role in naturally reducing and storing emissions needs to be strengthened and drained wetlands that leak emissions shall be restored.”
- preserve the carbon sink»För att uppnå klimatmålen behöver skogens funktion som kolsänka bevaras de kommande decennierna, därför behöver kalhyggesbruket fasas ut.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“To achieve climate targets, the forest's function as a carbon sink must be preserved in the coming decades, therefore clear-cutting use needs to be phased out.”
- climate and diversity linked»Ett ständigt överutnyttjande av naturens resurser leder till kraftig utarmning av den biologiska mångfalden och växthusgasutsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Constant over-exploitation of nature's resources leads to serious depletion of biological diversity and greenhouse gas emissions.”
- no delay»Omställningen behöver ske omgående och alla politiska beslut behöver ta hänsyn till den akuta kris som vi befinner oss i.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The transition needs to happen immediately and all political decisions need to take account of the acute crisis we are in.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan sets up negative emissions after 2045 as a goal and highlights species extinction and threatened biological diversity as part of the same crisis, which is exactly the connection the counter-proposal builds on.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan sets up negative emissions after 2045 as a goal and highlights species extinction and threatened biological diversity as part of the same crisis, which is exactly the connection the counter-proposal builds on. The party programme makes protection of biological diversity an explicit requirement, and the plan wants to continue large investments in local climate adaptation, which includes rewetting of wetlands. A strategy for negative emissions with nature-based solutions is therefore supported in substance.
Original (Swedish)
Planen sätter upp negativa utsläpp efter 2045 som mål och lyfter artdöden och den hotade biologiska mångfalden som en del av samma kris, vilket är precis den koppling motförslaget bygger på. Partiprogrammet gör skyddet av den biologiska mångfalden till ett uttalat krav, och planen vill fortsätta stora investeringar i lokal klimatanpassning, dit återvätning av våtmarker hör. En strategi för negativa utsläpp med naturbaserade lösningar stöds därför i sak.
- negative emissions after 2045decisive»År 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären, för att därefter uppnå negativa utsläpp.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“By 2045 Sweden should not have any net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, and thereafter achieve negative emissions.”
- climate and diversity are connected»Samtidigt accelererar artdöden och den biologiska mångfalden hotas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At the same time, species extinction accelerates and biological diversity is threatened.”
- protect biological diversity»biologiska mångfalden måste skyddas.« (party programme ↗)“biological diversity must be protected.”
- investments in climate adaptation»Vi vill fortsätta de stora investeringarna så att kommunerna kan klimatanpassa lokalt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to continue the large investments so that municipalities can adapt locally to climate.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan requires that wetlands be re-wetted at a faster pace and that natural forests and wetlands be recreated to increase biological diversity, which is the core of the counter-proposal's requirement for analysis of carbon storage potential.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan requires that wetlands be re-wetted at a faster pace and that natural forests and wetlands be recreated to increase biological diversity, which is the core of the counter-proposal's requirement for analysis of carbon storage potential. The party programme also states that carbon dioxide storage and other methods for binding greenhouse gases may be needed but must not become an excuse for continued emissions — the same conditions that the counter-proposal sets.
Original (Swedish)
Planen kräver att våtmarker återvätas i snabbare takt och att naturskogar och våtmarker återskapas för att öka den biologiska mångfalden, vilket är kärnan i motförslagets krav på analys av kolinlagringspotentialen. Partiprogrammet slår också fast att koldioxidlagring och andra metoder för att binda växthusgaser kan behövas men inte får bli en ursäkt för fortsatta utsläpp — samma villkor som motförslaget ställer.
- faster re-wettingdecisive»återställa våtmarker som torrlagts i snabbare takt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“restore wetlands that have been dried more quickly.”
- carbon storage no excuse»binda växthusgaser behövas. Dessa får dock inte bli« (party programme ↗)“bind greenhouse gases are needed. These must however not become”
- recreate natural environments»Naturskogar, våtmarker och andra utsatta vegetationstyper ska återskapas« (party programme ↗)“Natural forests, wetlands and other vulnerable vegetation types shall be recreated”
- clearfelling-free forestry»att mer skogsbruk bedrivs med hyggesfria metoder.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“that more forestry is carried out using clearfelling-free methods.”
The plan explicitly commits to doing more to restore wetlands and that forest carbon storage is key to the transition, while fossil fuels shall be phased out.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly commits to doing more to restore wetlands and that forest carbon storage is key to the transition, while fossil fuels shall be phased out. An assignment to analyse the potential for increased carbon storage and a strategy that includes nature-based solutions is therefore in the plan's direction. The plan does not mention capture and storage as a chain, so coverage is derived.
Original (Swedish)
Planen åtar sig uttryckligen att mer ska göras för att restaurera våtmarker och att skogens kolinlagring är en nyckel i omställningen, samtidigt som fossila bränslen ska fasas ut. Ett uppdrag att analysera potentialen för ökad kolinlagring och en strategi som inkluderar naturbaserade lösningar ligger därmed i planens riktning. Planen nämner inte infångning och lagring som kedja, varför coverage är härledd.
- restore wetlandsdecisive»Mer måste göras för att restaurera våtmarker, bekämpa invasiva arter och underlätta för markägare att bidra, då frivillighet och äganderätt är grunden för en bättre naturvård.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More must be done to restore wetlands, combat invasive species and facilitate for landowners to contribute, since voluntariness and property rights are the foundation of better nature management.”
- carbon storage in forests»Den lagrar koldioxid, skapar jobb och är källan till framtidens biobränslen och byggmaterial.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It stores carbon dioxide, creates jobs and is the source of future biofuels and building materials.”
- biological diversity develops»Sveriges natur ska vårdas och den biologiska mångfalden utvecklas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden's nature shall be tended and biological diversity developed.”
- phase out fossil fuels»Stryp Putins krigskassa nu. Vi vill stoppa all energihandel med Ryssland och fasa ut fossila bränslen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Cut off Putin's war chest now. We want to stop all energy trade with Russia and phase out fossil fuels.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The election manifesto explicitly commits to scaling up capture, separation and storage of carbon dioxide and to strengthening natural carbon sequestration through restored wetlands.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto explicitly commits to scaling up capture, separation and storage of carbon dioxide and to strengthening natural carbon sequestration through restored wetlands. The party programme establishes that negative emissions need to begin long before the last fossil emissions occur. The counter-proposal's demand for a national strategy for negative emissions that encompasses the entire chain and nature-based solutions thus corresponds to the plan's own commitments, as does the connection to biological diversity.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet åtar sig uttryckligen att skala upp infångning, avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid och att stärka den naturliga koldioxidinlagringen genom återställda våtmarker. Partiprogrammet slår fast att negativa utsläpp behöver börja göras långt innan de sista fossila utsläppen sker. Motförslagets krav på en nationell strategi för negativa utsläpp som omfattar hela kedjan och naturbaserade lösningar motsvarar därmed planens egna åtaganden, liksom kopplingen till biologisk mångfald.
- scale up CCSdecisive»Därför ska vi skala upp arbetet med infångning, avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Therefore we shall scale up work with capture, separation and storage of carbon dioxide.”
- rewetting of wetlands»Den naturliga koldioxidinlagringen ska stärkas genom att fler tidigare våtmarker återställs.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Natural carbon sequestration shall be strengthened by restoring more formerly wet areas.”
- negative emissions in time»Negativa utsläpp behöver börja göras långt innan de sista fossila utsläppen sker.« (party programme ↗)“Negative emissions need to begin long before the last fossil emissions occur.”
- climate and diversity together»Med en klimatomställning som går hand i hand med naturvård och biologisk mångfald.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“With a climate transition that goes hand in hand with nature conservation and biological diversity.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan establishes that wetlands shall be preserved and if necessary restored and that fossil fuels must be phased out of both energy and transport sectors.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that wetlands shall be preserved and if necessary restored and that fossil fuels must be phased out of both energy and transport sectors. A strategy for negative emissions including nature-based solutions and rewetting, and which does not become an excuse for continued fossil use, follows from these commitments. Stewardship and the precautionary principle point in the same direction.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att våtmarker ska bevaras och vid behov återställas och att fossila bränslen måste fasas ut ur både energi- och transportsektorn. En strategi för negativa utsläpp som inkluderar naturbaserade lösningar och återvätning, och som inte får bli ursäkt för fortsatt fossilanvändning, följer av dessa åtaganden. Förvaltarskapet och försiktighetsprincipen pekar i samma riktning.
- restored wetlandsdecisive»Våtmarker behöver bevaras och vid behov återställas,« (party programme ↗)“Wetlands need to be preserved and if necessary restored,”
- phased-out fossil use»Fossilbränslena måste fasas ut från såväl energi- som« (party programme ↗)“Fossil fuels must be phased out from both energy and”
- biological diversity»Bevarande av den biologiska mångfalden kräver« (party programme ↗)“Preservation of biological diversity requires”
- the precautionary principle in environmental risk»också att agerandet grundas på försiktighetsprincipen.« (party programme ↗)“also that the action is based on the precautionary principle.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan explicitly promises a large-scale investment in technologies to capture and store carbon dioxide, which is the core of the counter-proposal's requirement for a strategy for negative emissions covering capture, transport, and storage.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan explicitly promises a large-scale investment in technologies to capture and store carbon dioxide, which is the core of the counter-proposal's requirement for a strategy for negative emissions covering capture, transport, and storage. The forest's carbon sequestration is also highlighted as a climate asset. However, the fact that the plan simultaneously wants to reduce the forest area exempted from forestry creates tension with the requirement for rewetting and increased area removed from production, which is why support applies to the strategy's main substantive content.
Original (Swedish)
Planen lovar uttryckligen en storskalig satsning på tekniker för att fånga in och lagra koldioxid, vilket är kärnan i motförslagets krav på en strategi för negativa utsläpp som täcker infångning, transport och lagring. Skogens kolbindning framhålls också som en klimattillgång. Att planen samtidigt vill minska den skogsareal som undantas från bruk gör dock kravet på återvätning och ökad areal ur produktion till en spänning, varför stödet gäller strategins huvudsakliga sakinnehåll.
- large-scale carbon dioxide capturedecisive»Få på plats storskalig infångning av koldioxid« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Get large-scale carbon dioxide capture in place”
- capture and storage»Utöver det vill vi förkorta och förenkla tillståndsprocesser för industrier som satsar på omställning och få på plats en storskalig satsning på tekniker för att fånga in och lagra koldioxid.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Beyond that, we want to shorten and simplify the permit processes for industries investing in conversion and get large-scale investments in technologies to capture and store carbon dioxide in place.”
- forest carbon sequestration»Den svenska skogen och produkter från skogen binder årligen nästan lika mycket koldioxid som Sverige släpper ut under ett helt år.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The Swedish forest and forest products bind almost as much carbon dioxide annually as Sweden emits over an entire year.”
- land should be used»Minska ytan av skog som är undantagen från skogsbruk« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Reduce the area of forest exempted from forestry”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's environmental and climate line is that agricultural land should be cultivated, that adapted forestry should take precedence over land being taken out of production, and that climate funds should be invested where they give the most emissions reduction per euro.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's environmental and climate line is that agricultural land should be cultivated, that adapted forestry should take precedence over land being taken out of production, and that climate funds should be invested where they give the most emissions reduction per euro. A national strategy for negative emissions with re-wetted wetlands goes in the opposite direction to these commitments, since land is taken out of production. The plan therefore speaks against the counter-proposal's demands.
Original (Swedish)
Planens miljö- och klimatlinje är att jordbruksmarken ska brukas, att anpassad skogsskötsel ska gå före att mark tas ur produktion och att klimatpengarna ska satsas där de ger mest utsläppsminskning per krona. En nationell strategi för negativa utsläpp med återvätning av våtmarker drar i motsatt riktning mot dessa åtaganden, eftersom mark tas ur produktion. Planen talar därför emot motförslagets krav.
- cultivated agricultural landdecisive»Att jordbruksmarken brukas och att igenväxning motverkas« (2022 manifesto ↗)“That agricultural land is cultivated and reforestation is prevented”
- management before allocation»Att anpassad skogsskötsel prioriteras före reservatsavsättning« (2022 manifesto ↗)“That adapted forestry is prioritized before reserve allocation”
- cost-effective climate measures»Satsa på åtgärder som minskar utsläppen mest per satsad krona som t ex internationella klimatinvesteringar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Focus on measures that reduce emissions most per euro spent, such as international climate investments”
- environmental interests weighed against others»Vi inser också att de miljöpolitiska intressena ständigt måste vägas mot andra viktiga samhällsvärden,« (party programme ↗)“We also understand that environmental interests must constantly be weighed against other important social values,”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2022/23:MJU16)
- Committee report full text (HA01MJU16)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2022/23:1246 — Hållbart skogsbruk för biologisk mångfald och klimatet av Kajsa Fredholm m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2022/23:1318 — Sveriges klimatpolitik av Aylin Fazelian (S)
- Motion 2022/23:148 — Acceleration av klimatomställningen av Lawen Redar (S)
- Motion 2022/23:151 — Hållbart grönt guld av Hanna Westerén (S)
- Motion 2022/23:155 — Jämlik klimatpolitik av Hanna Westerén (S)
- Motion 2022/23:1673 — Jämställdhet för hållbar utveckling av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:1879 — En fokuserad utvecklingsagenda bortom 2030 av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2029 — Klimatomställning av Anna Vikström m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2062 — En politik för ekonomisk resiliens och stärkt konkurrenskraft av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2073 — Utgiftsområde 20 Allmän miljö- och naturvård av Anna-Caren Sätherberg m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2110 — En kraftfull naturpolitik för starka ekosystem, biologisk mångfald och ökad klimatnytta av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:2140 — Utgiftsområde 22 Kommunikationer av Gunilla Svantorp m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2022/23:2170 — För en stark grön näringslivsutveckling av Elin Söderberg m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:2175 — En klimatpolitik som står upp för Parisavtalet av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:2190 — Ledarskap för klimat och grön omställning av Annie Lööf m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:2262 — Stärk det civila försvaret och krisberedskapen av Emma Berginger m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:36 — Åtgärder för att ge Sverige EU:s billigaste och miljövänligaste energi av Per Bolund m.fl. (MP)
- Motion 2022/23:834 — Hållbara transporter med hög tillgänglighet i hela landet av Ulrika Heie m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:849 — Internationellt samarbete i en ny tid av Kerstin Lundgren m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2022/23:853 — Grön omställning av transportsektorn av Ulrika Heie m.fl. (C)
Source: The Swedish Parliament