2024-03-062023/24:SfU11 · p.4SfUMigration & social insurance
Prevent exploitation and abuse
Preventing exploitation and abuse in labour immigration
What's at stake: The issue concerns how well protected labour migrants are against exploitation, such as underpayment or extortionate rents, and how strictly employers who cheat on the rules for labour immigration can be sanctioned.
Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.
What the vote decides
The question is whether stronger protections for labour migrants should be introduced, such as tougher sanctions against cheating employers, a right to damages, and protection from losing a residence or work permit when the employer is at fault, or whether measures against abuse already taken or under way are considered sufficient.
Yes Yes — the committee proposal
The committee notes that abuse and exploitation have grown in the wake of the permissive rules on labour immigration, particularly in low-skilled occupations, and considers that crime and cheating linked to labour immigration should be combated through many different measures, including the raised income requirement and the forthcoming inquiry into demand-tested labour immigration, whose directives call for proposals to tighten the conditions for labour immigration. On this basis, the committee rejects the motions to prevent exploitation and abuse.
No No — the reservations
Reservation 10 (MP)
The reservation wants to tighten sanctions against employers who cheat on the rules for labour immigration, and to give workers who do not receive the promised conditions or who are forced to pay extortionate rents the right to damages, along with improving workers' rights so they are not punished with loss of residence and work permits when the employer is at fault, arguing that the demand-driven framework for labour immigration was introduced in 2008 and that more needs to be done to ensure no one can be exploited.
Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.
What do the votes mean here?
Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).
No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 10 by MP.
Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.
The decision would have held
Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: LLiberalerna
Ja 151–15Ja 138–28
Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.
How the AI parties would have voted
For each party: what its own plan – election manifesto and party programme – argues for in this case, next to how the party actually voted. The AI can only answer Yes or No; a party can also abstain.
| AI | Vote | Confidence | Evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | No | Abstain 0/0/20/4 | differs | confidence: high | explicit |
| S | No | Abstain 0/0/93/13 | differs | confidence: high | explicit |
| MP | No | No 0/15/0/3 | match | confidence: high | explicit |
| C | No | Abstain 0/0/19/5 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| L | No | Yes 13/0/0/3 | differsagainst own programme | confidence: high | explicit |
| KD | No | Yes 16/0/0/3 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| M | No | Yes 60/0/0/8 | differs | confidence: medium | derived |
| SD | Yes | Yes 61/0/0/11 | match | confidence: low | derived |
Committee proposal
The Riksdag rejects the motions 2023/24:389 by Ludvig Aspling and Nima Gholam Ali Pour (both SD) point 5, 2023/24:439 by Ciczie Weidby et al. (V) point 26 in this part, 2023/24:956 by Annika Hirvonen et al. (MP) points 1 in this part and 6-8, 2023/24:2491 by Jonny Cato et al. (C) point 16 and 2023/24:2622 by Anders Ygeman et al. (S) point 2 in this part.
Original (Swedish)
Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2023/24:389 av Ludvig Aspling och Nima Gholam Ali Pour (båda SD) yrkande 5, 2023/24:439 av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V) yrkande 26 i denna del, 2023/24:956 av Annika Hirvonen m.fl. (MP) yrkandena 1 i denna del och 6-8, 2023/24:2491 av Jonny Cato m.fl. (C) yrkande 16 och 2023/24:2622 av Anders Ygeman m.fl. (S) yrkande 2 i denna del.
Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected some thirty proposals in motions on labour migration from the general motion period of 2023. The Riksdag refers, among other things, to ongoing work. The motions concern labour market testing, conditions for work permits, attracting labour and preventing exploitation and abuse, residence permits for research and studies and the like.
Counter-proposals
- The counter-proposal wants to abolish arbitrary wage limits for labor immigration. (MP) — Reservation 10
Plan vs actual vote
Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.
The plan never accepts that labour migrants are exploited to worse conditions or stripped agreements and requires that migrants' residence permits are never tied to employers' whims.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan never accepts that labour migrants are exploited to worse conditions or stripped agreements and requires that migrants' residence permits are never tied to employers' whims. The counter-proposal's demands for tightened sanctions against employers, damages to the worker and that the employee does not lose the permit when the fault lies with the employer are precisely this commitment. The plan also points to companies, not individuals, as the winners of economic crime.
Original (Swedish)
Planen accepterar aldrig att arbetskraftsinvandrare utnyttjas till sämre villkor eller strippade avtal och kräver att migranters uppehållstillstånd aldrig kopplas till arbetsköparnas nycker. Motförslagets krav på skärpta sanktioner mot arbetsgivare, skadestånd till arbetstagaren och att den anställde inte ska förlora tillståndet när felet ligger hos arbetsgivaren är exakt detta åtagande. Planen pekar också ut företagen, inte de anställda, som ekobrottens vinnare.
- against exploitation of migrant workersdecisive»arbetskraftsinvandrare utnyttjas till sämre villkor eller strippade avtal.« (party programme ↗)“labour migrants are exploited to worse conditions or stripped agreements.”
- permit not tied to employer»Migranters uppehållstillstånd ska aldrig generellt kopplas till arbetsköparnas nycker.« (party programme ↗)“Migrants' residence permits must never generally be tied to employers' whims.”
- employers bear responsibility»Det är företagen som överlägset står för de flesta ekobrotten, inte enskilda som fuskar med våra trygghetssystem.« (party programme ↗)“It is companies that overwhelmingly stand for the majority of economic crimes, not individuals who cheat our security systems.”
- independent of employer»Ingen av oss ska behöva utstå rasism på arbetsplatsen eller vara beroende av arbetsgivaren för att få stanna i Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“None of us should have to endure racism in the workplace or be dependent on the employer to stay in Sweden.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The election manifesto explicitly notes that today's labour immigration often leads to people being exploited and requires decisive action against workplace crime.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The election manifesto explicitly notes that today's labour immigration often leads to people being exploited and requires decisive action against workplace crime. It also states that it must never pay to gain competitive advantages by neglecting employees' rights. The counter-proposal's requirement for tougher sanctions against fraudulent employers and stronger protection for employees is precisely this commitment.
Original (Swedish)
Valmanifestet konstaterar uttryckligen att dagens arbetskraftsinvandring ofta leder till att människor utnyttjas och kräver krafttag mot arbetslivskriminaliteten. Det slår också fast att det aldrig ska löna sig att skaffa konkurrensfördelar genom att försumma de anställdas rättigheter. Motförslagets krav på skärpta sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare och stärkt skydd för arbetstagaren är precis detta åtagande.
- counter exploitation of labourdecisive»Dessutom leder dagens arbetskraftsinvandring ofta till att människor utnyttjas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Moreover, today's labour immigration often leads to people being exploited.”
- decisive action against workplace crime»Krafttag mot arbetslivskriminaliteten. Arbetslivs kriminalitet ska inte finnas på svensk arbetsmarknad och offentliga arbetsgivare och upphandlare ska vara föredömen i att verka för en sund konkurrens.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Decisive action against workplace crime. Workplace crime shall not exist on the Swedish labour market and public employers and purchasers shall be models in working for fair competition.”
- crime must not pay»Det ska aldrig löna sig att begå brott eller skaffa sig konkurrensfördelar genom att försumma de anställdas rätt till en trygg arbetsmiljö.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It shall never pay to commit crime or gain competitive advantages by neglecting employees' right to a safe working environment.”
- labour law protection»En stark arbetsrättslig lagstiftning behövs som skydd för de anställda.« (party programme ↗)“Strong labour law legislation is needed as protection for employees.”
flags: citat_migrerat
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan establishes that an open rulebook requires regulations that counter poor working conditions and unscrupulous employers, and that the person who immigrates for work shall have equal good conditions in the labour market as others.
Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan establishes that an open rulebook requires regulations that counter poor working conditions and unscrupulous employers, and that the person who immigrates for work shall have equal good conditions in the labour market as others. The counter-proposal's requirements for tightened sanctions against fraudulent employers, damages and protection against the employee being punished for the employer's error are precisely that regulation. The plan therefore supports the requirement.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att ett öppet regelverk kräver regleringar som motverkar dåliga arbetsvillkor och oseriösa arbetsgivare, och att den som arbetskraftsinvandrar ska ha lika goda förutsättningar på arbetsmarknaden som andra. Motförslagets krav på skärpta sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare, skadestånd och skydd mot att arbetstagaren straffas för arbetsgivarens fel är precis den regleringen. Planen stöder därför kravet.
- regulation against unscrupulous employersdecisive»Ett öppet regelverk ställer samtidigt krav på nationella regleringar och internationella samarbeten för att motverka diskriminering, dåliga arbetsvillkor och oseriösa arbetsgivare.« (party programme ↗)“An open rulebook at the same time requires national regulations and international cooperation to counter discrimination, poor working conditions and unscrupulous employers.”
- equal conditions for work migrants»Människor som arbetskraftsinvandrar ska ha lika goda förutsättningar på arbetsmarknaden som andra personer i Sverige.« (party programme ↗)“People who immigrate for work shall have equally good conditions in the labour market as other people in Sweden.”
- better conditions for vulnerable»Deras arbetsvillkor måste förbättras.« (party programme ↗)“Their working conditions must be improved.”
- sanctions against fraud»Det ska vara dyrt, jobbigt och svårt att vara kriminell.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It shall be expensive, difficult and hard to be criminal.”
The plan's line is that labour immigration shall be valued while stricter requirements are set on working conditions, and the party programme combats structures that disadvantage people.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's line is that labour immigration shall be valued while stricter requirements are set on working conditions, and the party programme combats structures that disadvantage people. The plan moreover wants to strengthen the labour immigrant's own position, including by having study time count toward an application for permanent residence permit. Sanctions against fraudulent employers and protection for the employee when the fault lies with the employer follow from this.
Original (Swedish)
Planens linje är att arbetskraftsinvandringen ska värnas medan hårdare krav ställs på arbetsvillkor, och idéprogrammet bekämpar strukturer som sätter människor i underläge. Planen vill dessutom stärka arbetskraftsinvandrarens egen ställning, bland annat genom att studietiden ska räknas in vid ansökan om permanent uppehållstillstånd. Sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare och skydd för arbetstagaren när felet ligger hos arbetsgivaren följer av detta.
- value labour immigrationdecisive»Värna arbetskraftsinvandringen. För att svenska företag ska kunna konkurrera måste de ha möjlighet att snabbt hitta, rekrytera och anställa rätt kompetens.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Value labour immigration. For Swedish companies to be able to compete they must have the opportunity to quickly find, recruit and hire the right expertise.”
- stricter working conditions requirements»Ställ hårdare krav på arbetsvillkor, miljö och klimat i handelsavtal.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Set stricter requirements on working conditions, environment and climate in trade agreements.”
- counter exploitation of people»Vi bekämpar alla strukturer, formella och informella, som förtrycker eller diskriminerar människor.« (party programme ↗)“We combat all structures, formal and informal, that oppress or discriminate against people.”
- secure employee's position»Låt arbetskraftsinvandrare räkna in studietiden i Sverige vid ansökan om permanent uppehållstillstånd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Let labour immigrants count study time in Sweden when applying for permanent residence permit.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's decisive commitments are that deportations of highly qualified workers must end and that more needs to be done to prevent the system for work-based immigration from being abused.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's decisive commitments are that deportations of highly qualified workers must end and that more needs to be done to prevent the system for work-based immigration from being abused. The counter-proposal's demand for strengthened sanctions against employers who cheat and protection so that the employee does not lose the permit when the fault lies with the employer follows directly from this. The plan furthermore establishes that people staying here shall be protected against exploitation and that the permit rules shall be simplified.
Original (Swedish)
Planens avgörande åtaganden är att kompetensutvisningarna av högkvalificerad arbetskraft måste få ett slut och att mer behöver göras för att systemet för arbetskraftsinvandring inte missbrukas. Motförslagets krav på skärpta sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare och skydd så att arbetstagaren inte förlorar tillståndet när felet ligger hos arbetsgivaren följer direkt av detta. Planen slår dessutom fast att människor som vistas här ska skyddas mot exploatering och att tillståndsreglerna ska förenklas.
- stop deportations of skilled workersdecisive»Kompetensutvisningarna av högkvalificerad arbetskraft måste få ett slut.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Deportations of highly qualified workers must end.”
- prevent system abuse»systemet för arbetskraftsinvandring inte ska missbrukas för till exempel svartjobb« (party programme ↗)“the system for work-based immigration shall not be abused, for example for illegal work”
- protection against exploitation»Att vara papperslös är inte att vara rättslös.« (party programme ↗)“Being undocumented is not being without legal rights.”
- simpler permit rules»Fler ska på plats i Sverige kunna söka om uppehållstillstånd för att arbeta.« (party programme ↗)“More people in Sweden shall be able to apply for residence permits to work.”
The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.
The plan lays down that all crimes must be addressed effectively and without exception, and that no person may be used as a means by another.
Plan documents: party programme
Reasoning and quotes
The plan lays down that all crimes must be addressed effectively and without exception, and that no person may be used as a means by another. It also requires well-functioning laws against all discrimination in working life. Strengthened sanctions against fraudulent employers and protection for employees who are harmed by employers' faults follow from this.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att alla brott effektivt och utan undantag ska beivras och att ingen människa får användas som ett medel av någon annan. Den kräver också väl fungerande lagar mot all diskriminering i arbetslivet. Skärpta sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare och skydd för arbetstagare som drabbas av arbetsgivarens fel följer av det.
- all crimes must be addresseddecisive»Alla brott ska effektivt och utan undantag beivras« (party programme ↗)“All crimes must be addressed effectively and without exception”
- the human being may not be exploited»Människan är ett mål i sig. Ingen annan människa får äga henne eller på ett kränkande sätt använda« (party programme ↗)“The human being is an end in itself. No other person may own her or use her in an offensive manner”
- protection in working life»Väl fungerande lagar mot all diskriminering i arbetslivet ska finnas.« (party programme ↗)“Well-functioning laws against all discrimination in working life must exist.”
- good ethics in the market»lagstiftningen och en god etik upprätthålls på marknaden.« (party programme ↗)“the legislation and good ethics are upheld in the market.”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan states that the person who has recruited foreign expertise should not have to worry about unjust competence deportations and promises to stop them, which is precisely the demand that the employee should not be punished when the fault lies with the employer.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan states that the person who has recruited foreign expertise should not have to worry about unjust competence deportations and promises to stop them, which is precisely the demand that the employee should not be punished when the fault lies with the employer. At the same time, the plan wants to stop misuse of the permit system, among other things by abolishing the track change, which supports tougher sanctions against dishonest employers. The part on damages follows from the plan's line that strengthen compensation for the vulnerable.
Original (Swedish)
Planen slår fast att den som rekryterat utländsk kompetens inte ska behöva oroa sig för orättvisa kompetensutvisningar och lovar att stoppa dem, vilket är just kravet att arbetstagaren inte ska straffas när felet ligger hos arbetsgivaren. Samtidigt vill planen komma åt missbruk av tillståndssystemet, bland annat genom att avskaffa spårbytet, vilket stöder skärpta sanktioner mot fuskande arbetsgivare. Delen om skadestånd följer av planens linje att stärka de utsattas ersättning.
- no unjust deportationsdecisive»Sätta stopp för kompetensutvisningarna« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Put a stop to competence deportations”
- protection for the recruited»Där du som vill anställa har möjlighet att hitta rätt kompetens inom Sveriges gränser – men den som rekryterat utländsk spetskompetens inte behöver oroa sig för orättvisa kompetensutvisningar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Where you as someone who wants to employ have the opportunity to find the right expertise within Sweden's borders – but the person who has recruited top-level foreign expertise should not have to worry about unjust competence deportations.”
- stop misuse of permit system»Avskaffa möjligheten till spårbyte, det vill säga möjligheten för en person som fått avslag på sin asylansökan att i stället få ett arbetstillstånd« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Abolish the possibility of track change, that is the possibility for a person who received a rejection on their asylum application to instead get a work permit”
- stronger damages to vulnerable»Dubbla skadestånden till brottsoffer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Double damages to crime victims”
The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.
The plan's overarching commitment is the strictest possible immigration legislation and lowered thresholds for revoking permits and enforcing deportations.
Plan documents: 2022 manifesto
Reasoning and quotes
The plan's overarching commitment is the strictest possible immigration legislation and lowered thresholds for revoking permits and enforcing deportations. The counter-proposal's core is to strengthen workers' rights and permit protection within the demand-driven system, which goes against that line. That the plan wants to eliminate fraud and trafficking in residence permits supports, however, stricter sanctions against employers, but is not sufficient to support the proposal on the merits.
Original (Swedish)
Planens överordnade åtagande är den striktast möjliga utlänningslagstiftningen och sänkta trösklar för att återkalla tillstånd och verkställa utvisningar. Motförslagets kärna är att stärka arbetstagares rättigheter och tillståndsskydd inom det efterfrågestyrda systemet, vilket går emot den linjen. Att planen vill bort med fusk och handel med uppehållstillstånd stöder däremot skärpta sanktioner mot arbetsgivare, men räcker inte för att stödja förslaget i sak.
- strictest immigration legislationdecisive»Skärpa reglerna i utlänningslagen till striktas möjliga nivå enligt EU-rätten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Tighten the rules in the immigration law to the strictest possible level according to EU law”
- lower thresholds for deportation»Trösklarna för att ta i förvar och utvisa personer samt verkställa utvisningar behöver också sänkas.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The thresholds for detaining and deporting people and enforcing deportations also need to be lowered.”
- fraud with permits must be eliminated»Korruption, fusk och handel med både uppehållstillstånd och människor är vanligt förekommande.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Corruption, fraud and trafficking in both residence permits and people are common.”
- limited labor immigration»Stoppa arbetskraftsinvandring till yrken som kan tillgodoses av inhemsk arbetskraft« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Stop labor immigration to occupations that can be met by domestic labor”
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Sources and documents
- The committee report on riksdagen.se (2023/24:SfU11)
- Committee report full text (HB01SfU11)
- Per-MP voting data (API)
- Case status (API)
Documents under consideration
- Motion 2023/24:1703 — Begränsad arbetskraftsinvandring och införande av arbetsmarknadsprövning av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:1797 — Förbättrade förutsättningar för forskares familjer av Rickard Nordin (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2199 — Bekämpning av den olagliga arbetskraften av Sten Bergheden och Johanna Rantsi (båda M)
- Motion 2023/24:2281 — Reformer för ökad tillväxt i Stockholmsregionen av Josefin Malmqvist m.fl. (M)
- Motion 2023/24:2430 — Underlättande av strategisk arbetskrafts- och utbildningsinvandring av Magnus Jacobsson (KD)
- Motion 2023/24:2457 — Livskraft och framtidstro i Sveriges landsbygder av Muharrem Demirok m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2491 — Migration och integration av Jonny Cato m.fl. (C)
- Motion 2023/24:2620 — Utgiftsområde 14 Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv av Teresa Carvalho m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2622 — Migration av Anders Ygeman m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:2661 — Stockholm som en hållbar tillväxtmotor av Mattias Vepsä m.fl. (S)
- Motion 2023/24:389 — Arbetskraftsinvandring av Ludvig Aspling och Nima Gholam Ali Pour (båda SD)
- Motion 2023/24:439 — Ordning och reda på arbetsmarknaden av Ciczie Weidby m.fl. (V)
- Motion 2023/24:506 — Möjlighet för tredjelandsmedborgare med permanent uppehållstillstånd att delta på en nordisk arbetsmarknad av Camilla Mårtensen och Louise Eklund (båda L)
- Motion 2023/24:843 — Småskalig livsmedelsproduktion av Anders W Jonsson (C)
- Motion 2023/24:875 — Översyn av regelverket för arbetskraftsinvandring från tredjeland av Leif Nysmed (S)
- Motion 2023/24:878 — Behovsprövning för arbetskraftsinvandring från tredjeland av Leif Nysmed och Lars Mejern Larsson (båda S)
- Motion 2023/24:956 — Stärkta rättigheter för arbetskraftsinvandrare av Annika Hirvonen m.fl. (MP)
Source: The Swedish Parliament