2024-11-202024/25:CU3 · p.2CUCivil law & housing

The future formulation of penal provisions

The new offence of company hijacking - scope and possible future tightening

What's at stake: A broader offence would make it possible to intervene earlier against organised economic crime and protect more people harmed by identity misuse that is not profit-driven, while a narrower offence limits criminal liability to the clearest cases of profit-driven misuse.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the new criminal offence of company hijacking should also cover attempt, preparation and conspiracy, and drop the profit-motive requirement for unlawful use of identity information that causes harm, or whether the government's proposal with its current limits should stand.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee considers the new criminal offence of company hijacking - with its profit-motive requirement and without liability for attempt, preparation or conspiracy - to be well balanced, and therefore rejects the motion calling for a stricter design.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (SD)

The reservation (SD) wants to go further than the government by making attempt, preparation and conspiracy to commit company hijacking punishable, to allow earlier intervention against economic crime, and by making it punishable to unlawfully use a person's identity information when it causes harm or inconvenience, even without a profit motive, since the current profit-motive requirement risks leaving some cases of identity misuse unpunished.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by SD.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
VNoYes 19/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SNoYes 92/0/0/14departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPNoYes 13/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
CNoYes 19/0/0/5departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
LNoYes 12/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
KDNoYes 15/0/0/4departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
MNoYes 59/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
SDown reservationNoNo 0/61/0/11follows the planconfidence: highderived

Committee proposal

Parliament rejects the motion 2024/25:1240 by Mikael Eskilandersson et al. (SD) motions 1 and 2.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motion 2024/25:1240 av Mikael Eskilandersson m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 1 och 2.

Riksdag decision: Parliament voted yes to the government's bill aimed at preventing and combating crime committed in and through companies. The bills include, among other things, that the Swedish Companies Registration Office gets the opportunity to require personal appearance, that company fraud is criminalized, that penalties for delays are increased and that certain rules for foundations are adapted for crime prevention purposes. Parliament also voted no to proposals in motions, of which four are from the general motion period 2024. The legislative amendments come into force on 1 January 2025.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan views economic crime and exploitation as central threats and requires effective monitoring of organised economic crime, which speaks to the fact that attempts, preparation and incitement to fraud can be punished so that intervention can occur earlier.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan views economic crime and exploitation as central threats and requires effective monitoring of organised economic crime, which speaks to the fact that attempts, preparation and incitement to fraud can be punished so that intervention can occur earlier. That unlawful use of someone's identity information is criminalised even without profit motive follows from the plan's requirement for protection of personal integrity. The plan's reservation is that penalties should be carefully designed, but that does not change the direction.

Original (Swedish)

Planen ser ekonomisk brottslighet och utnyttjande som centrala hot och kräver effektiv uppföljning av den organiserade ekonomiska brottsligheten, vilket talar för att försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning kan straffas så att ingripanden kan ske tidigare. Att olovligt bruk av någons identitetsuppgifter kriminaliseras även utan vinningssyfte följer av planens krav på skydd för den personliga integriteten. Planens reservation är att påföljder ska vara noggrant utformade, men det ändrar inte riktningen.

  • economic crime a central threatdecisive»Lönedumpning, ekonomisk brottslighet och utnyttjande är centrala hot idag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Wage dumping, economic crime and exploitation are central threats today.”
  • effective monitoring of economic crime»Det behövs en effektiv uppföljning av den organiserade« (party programme ↗)“There is a need for effective monitoring of organised”
  • protection for personal integrity»har rätt till skydd av sin personliga integritet.« (party programme ↗)“has the right to protection of their personal integrity.”
  • carefully designed penalties»Straff och andra påföljder för brott behöver vara noggrant« (party programme ↗)“Punishments and other penalties for crime need to be carefully”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SSocialdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto promises tougher penalties, among others for those who support organised crime, and to crack down hard on the financing and organisation of criminality.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto promises tougher penalties, among others for those who support organised crime, and to crack down hard on the financing and organisation of criminality. Criminalising attempts, preparation and instigation of embezzlement and imposing penalties for unlawful use of identity information lies in line with this, as does the plan's requirement to protect personal integrity.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet lovar skärpta straff, bland annat för den som understödjer organiserad kriminalitet, och att slå hårt mot brottslighetens finansiering och organisation. Att kriminalisera försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning och att straffbelägga olovlig användning av identitetsuppgifter ligger i linje med det, liksom med planens krav på skydd för den personliga integriteten.

  • toughened penaltiesdecisive»Vi vill skärpa straffen bland annat för gängrelaterad brottslighet, för den som begår upprepade och allvarliga brott och för den som understödjer organiserad kriminalitet.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We want to toughen sentences among others for gang-related crime, for those who commit repeated and serious offences and for those who support organised crime.”
  • against crime's financing»Slå hårt mot den organiserade brottslighetens finansiering och organisation.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Crack down hard on the financing and organisation of organised crime.”
  • protect personal integrity»Det är samhällets absoluta skyldighet att skydda friheten och den personliga integriteten« (party programme ↗)“It is society's absolute duty to protect freedom and personal integrity”
  • clear response to crime»Samhället måste reagera tydligt mot brott och regelöverträdelser.« (party programme ↗)“Society must respond clearly to crime and violations of rules.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MPMiljöpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wants it to be expensive, difficult and hard to be criminal and that authorities can strike against organized crime's businesses from multiple directions.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants it to be expensive, difficult and hard to be criminal and that authorities can strike against organized crime's businesses from multiple directions. Criminal justice policy shall put the crime victim and their victimization at the centre, and the plan protects individual integrity. Criminal liability even for attempted and preparatory conduct and for identity misuse without profit motive follow from these commitments.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att det ska vara dyrt, jobbigt och svårt att vara kriminell och att myndigheterna kan slå till mot den organiserade brottslighetens företag från flera håll. Rättspolitiken ska sätta brottsoffret och dennes utsatthet i centrum, och planen värnar den enskildes integritet. Straffansvar även för försök och förberedelse och för identitetsmissbruk utan vinningssyfte följer av dessa åtaganden.

  • hard to be criminaldecisive»Det ska vara dyrt, jobbigt och svårt att vara kriminell.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It shall be expensive, difficult and hard to be criminal.”
  • strike against crime's businesses»slå till mot den organiserade brottslighetens företag från flera håll« (2022 manifesto ↗)“strike against organized crime's businesses from multiple directions”
  • crime victim at the centre»brottsoffret och dennes utsatthet i centrum.« (party programme ↗)“the crime victim and their victimization at the centre.”
  • protection of personal integrity»Vi vill värna människors rätt till integritet och« (party programme ↗)“We want to protect people's right to integrity and”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

CCenterpartietNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan requires strong measures against crimes affecting companies and stricter sentences as well as more resources for the entire justice chain.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires strong measures against crimes affecting companies and stricter sentences as well as more resources for the entire justice chain. To criminalize attempt, preparation and complicity to corporate takeover and to address unlawful use of someone's identity information even without profit motive is precisely such a tightening that enables earlier intervention. The plan's victims' perspective points in the same direction.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver krafttag mot brott som drabbar företag och strängare straff samt mer resurser till hela rättskedjan. Att kriminalisera försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning och att träffa olovlig användning av någons identitetsuppgifter även utan vinningssyfte är just en sådan skärpning som möjliggör tidigare ingripanden. Planens brottsofferperspektiv pekar i samma riktning.

  • tough measures against crimes against companiesdecisive»krafttag mot brott emot företag« (2022 manifesto ↗)“tough measures against crimes against companies”
  • stricter sentences and stronger justice chain»Samhället ska inte vika sig för gängen. För att besegra dem krävs bättre insatser som förebygger nyrekrytering, mer resurser till polis, åklagare, domstolar och kriminalvården och strängare straff.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Society should not cave in to gangs. To defeat them requires better initiatives that prevent recruitment, more resources to police, prosecutors, courts and prisons and stricter sentences.”
  • strengthened victims' perspective»Brottsofferperspektivet måste stärkas. Den som utsatts för brott ska få upprättelse och bättre stöd.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The victims' perspective must be strengthened. The one who has been the victim of crime shall receive redress and better support.”
  • prevent and deter crime»Kriminalpolitiken ska därför både förebygga och avskräcka från brott, stödja brottsdrabbade och stimulera dem som har begått olagliga handlingar till en ny livssituation utan brottslighet.« (party programme ↗)“Criminal policy should therefore both prevent and deter crime, support crime victims and stimulate those who have committed unlawful acts to a new life situation without crime.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan wishes for penalties to be increased for organized and repeat criminal offences and for the justice system's capacity to resolve crimes to be improved, which supports criminalizing attempt, preparation and incitement to trafficking so that earlier intervention becomes possible.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wishes for penalties to be increased for organized and repeat criminal offences and for the justice system's capacity to resolve crimes to be improved, which supports criminalizing attempt, preparation and incitement to trafficking so that earlier intervention becomes possible. That illegal use of someone's identity information shall be punishable even without intent to profit follows from the party programme's requirement that the individual's dignity and integrity shall not be violated. The crime type is not addressed in the plan, so the conclusion is derived.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill att påföljderna skärps vid organiserad och upprepad brottslighet och att rättsväsendets förmåga att klara upp brott förbättras, vilket talar för att försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning kriminaliseras så att tidigare ingripanden blir möjliga. Att olovlig användning av någons identitetsuppgifter ska vara straffbar även utan vinningssyfte följer av partiprogrammets krav att den enskildes värdighet och integritet inte får kränkas. Brottstypen behandlas inte i planen, varför slutsatsen är härledd.

  • increased penaltiesdecisive»Påföljdssystemet ska förändras så att återfall och upprepad brottslighet ger strängare straff« (party programme ↗)“The penalty system shall be changed so that repeat and repeated criminal offences result in harsher sentences”
  • harder line on crime»En grövre brottslighet kräver längre straff.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More serious criminal offences require longer sentences.”
  • more crimes should be solved»Rättsväsendets förmåga och effektivitet behöver förbättras så att« (party programme ↗)“The justice system's capacity and efficiency need to be improved so that”
  • protection against identity abuse»Den enskildes värdighet och integritet får inte kränkas.« (party programme ↗)“The individual's dignity and integrity shall not be violated.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The party programme requires that all crimes be effectively and without exception combated, that reaction to crime is quick and the risk of detection is high, and that violations of fellow humans' integrity and property are never tolerated.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme requires that all crimes be effectively and without exception combated, that reaction to crime is quick and the risk of detection is high, and that violations of fellow humans' integrity and property are never tolerated. The election manifesto wants to build out the entire justice system so that more crimes are solved. To criminalize attempts, preparation and incitement to company takeover and to punish unlawful use of another's identity information even without gain thus aligns with the plan's direction.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet kräver att alla brott effektivt och utan undantag beivras, att reaktionen på brott är snabb och upptäcktsrisken hög, och att kränkningar av medmänniskors integritet och egendom aldrig tolereras. Valmanifestet vill bygga ut hela rättsväsendet för att fler brott ska klaras upp. Att kriminalisera försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning och att straffa olovligt bruk av annans identitetsuppgifter även utan vinningssyfte ligger därmed i planens linje.

  • all crimes must be combateddecisive»Alla brott ska effektivt och utan undantag beivras« (party programme ↗)“All crimes must be effectively and without exception combated”
  • early interventions»snabb reaktion på begångna brott och en ökad upptäcktsrisk för förövarna är viktigt.« (party programme ↗)“quick reaction to committed crimes and increased risk of detection for offenders is important.”
  • protection of integrity and property»brottsoffrets sida. Övergrepp och kränkningar av medmänniskors integritet och egendom kan aldrig tole« (party programme ↗)“victim's side. Abuse and violations of fellow humans' integrity and property can never tole”
  • expanded justice system»Hela rättsväsendet behöver byggas ut. Fler poliser kräver fler åklagare, domstolar på fler platser i landet och en kraftigt utbyggd kriminalvård.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“The entire justice system needs to be expanded. More police require more prosecutors, courts in more places in the country and substantially expanded criminal care.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the planderived

The plan establishes that it is a fundamental political responsibility that the legal state exists with full force when business owners are subjected to crime, and wants to map crimes against businesses and invest more in investigating fraud crimes.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that it is a fundamental political responsibility that the legal state exists with full force when business owners are subjected to crime, and wants to map crimes against businesses and invest more in investigating fraud crimes. To criminalize attempts, preparation and incitement to corporate theft and to penalize unlawful use of someone's personal information even without profit motive is in that line and in the plan's shift of focus from perpetrator to victim. The criminal provision's formulation is not directly addressed.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att det är ett grundläggande politiskt ansvar att rättsstaten finns med sin fulla kraft när företagare utsätts för brott, och vill kartlägga brott mot företag samt satsa mer på att utreda bedrägeribrott. Att kriminalisera försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning och att straffbelägga olovlig användning av någons identitetsuppgifter även utan vinningssyfte ligger i den linjen och i planens skifte av fokus från gärningsman till brottsoffer. Straffbestämmelsens utformning berörs inte direkt.

  • the legal state protects business ownersdecisive»Det är ett grundläggande politiskt ansvar att rättsstaten finns där med sin fulla kraft när företagare blir utsatta för brott.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is a fundamental political responsibility that the legal state exists there with full force when business owners are subjected to crime.”
  • crimes against businesses are prioritized»Ge Brå i uppdrag att kartlägga brott mot företag« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Task Brå to map crimes against businesses”
  • combat fraud»Satsa mer pengar på att utreda bedrägeribrott och annan brottslighet mot äldre« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest more money in investigating fraud crimes and other crime against the elderly”
  • victim before perpetrator»Införa en ny brottsbalk för att skifta fokus från gärningsmannen till brottsoffer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce a new criminal code to shift focus from the perpetrator to the victim”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoNofollows the planderived

The plan requires that crime affecting entrepreneurs be combated and that zero tolerance applies so that even less serious crimes are investigated and prosecuted, with substantially increased sentences.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan requires that crime affecting entrepreneurs be combated and that zero tolerance applies so that even less serious crimes are investigated and prosecuted, with substantially increased sentences. Criminalizing attempts, preparation and incitement to company theft and making unauthorized use of identity information a criminal offence even without profit motive enables exactly earlier intervention against such crime. The plan thus supports the requirement.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver att brottslighet som drabbar företagare bekämpas och att nolltolerans råder så att även mindre allvarliga brott utreds och lagförs, med kraftigt skärpta straff. Att kriminalisera försök, förberedelse och stämpling till företagskapning och att straffbelägga olovlig användning av identitetsuppgifter även utan vinningssyfte möjliggör just tidigare ingripanden mot sådan brottslighet. Planen stöder därför kravet.

  • combat crime against entrepreneursdecisive»Bekämpa brottslighet som drabbar företagare« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Combat crime affecting entrepreneurs”
  • zero tolerance for crime»Införa nolltolerans mot brott så att även mindre allvarliga brott utreds och lagförs« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Introduce zero tolerance for crime so that even less serious crimes are investigated and prosecuted”
  • substantially increased sentences»Sverigedemokraterna vill kraftigt skärpa straffen och genomföra kraftiga satsningar på polis, åklagare och anstalter.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“the Sweden Democrats want to substantially increase sentences and implement forceful investments in police, prosecutors and prisons.”
  • early intervention»Ge socialtjänst, skola och rättsväsende möjlighet att ingripa med tuffare tag i ett tidigt skede« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Give social services, schools and the justice system the opportunity to intervene more firmly at an early stage”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament