2025-05-142024/25:NU19 · p.6NUBusiness & energy

Hydroelectric power

Hydropower's regulating capacity and environmental permit reviews

What's at stake: The decision affects how quickly hydropower's environmental conditions are reviewed and how much regulable, fossil-free electricity is available as weather-dependent power sources like wind and solar are expanded. It affects both plant operators awaiting decisions on their permits and electricity consumers who depend on a reliable power supply.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether parliament should call on the government to promptly resume the paused environmental permit reviews of hydropower and take specific steps to increase its regulating capacity, or whether this should continue to be handled within the ongoing, more general work on the electricity system.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee stresses that hydropower has a special position in the power supply through its capacity for energy storage and regulable production, and that it will be crucial for the climate goals and electrification. It notes that the review of hydropower permits with environmental conditions older than 40 years has been paused to analyse the need for changes to the review system, and that during the pause the government has circulated proposals for amended rules. With reference to this ongoing work, the committee rejects the motions.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 13 (S, V)

The reservation (S, V) calls for the government to promptly return with proposals allowing the paused environmental reviews to resume, achieving the greatest possible environmental benefit alongside efficient access to hydropower. It also wants to increase hydropower's regulating capacity through expanded storage, pumped hydro and higher output at existing facilities, faster permitting processes, and a state inquiry mapping the potential of the larger power-producing waterways.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 13 by S, V.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

The decision would have held

Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: LLiberalerna

Ja 153–115Ja 139–129

Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: lownot addressed
Sown reservationNoNo 0/93/0/13follows the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MPNoAbstain 0/0/15/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumexplicit
CNoAbstain 0/0/21/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumderived
LNoYes 14/0/0/2departs from the planagainst own programmeconfidence: mediumexplicit
KDNoYes 16/0/0/3departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
MNoYes 60/0/0/8departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed
SDNoYes 63/0/0/9departs from the planconfidence: mediumnot addressed

Committee proposal

The Riksdag rejects the motions 2024/25:199 by Dan Hovskär (KD), 2024/25:1153 by Camilla Brodin et al. (KD) request 1, 2024/25:1465 by Tobias Andersson et al. (SD) requests 5 and 6, 2024/25:1526 by Lars Isacsson (S), 2024/25:3134 by Fredrik Olovsson et al. (S) request 11 and 2024/25:3169 by Rickard Nordin et al. (C) requests 100 and 101.

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen avslår motionerna 2024/25:199 av Dan Hovskär (KD), 2024/25:1153 av Camilla Brodin m.fl. (KD) yrkande 1, 2024/25:1465 av Tobias Andersson m.fl. (SD) yrkandena 5 och 6, 2024/25:1526 av Lars Isacsson (S), 2024/25:3134 av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S) yrkande 11 och 2024/25:3169 av Rickard Nordin m.fl. (C) yrkandena 100 och 101.

Riksdag decision: The Riksdag rejected approximately 170 proposals on energy policy in motions submitted during the ordinary motion period 2024. One reason is that work is already underway in several of the matters that the proposals address. The proposals concern, among other things, the direction of energy policy, fossil-free energy sources, biofuels and biofuel substitutes, energy efficiency, energy gases, as well as heating and combined heat and power.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The plan demands radical expansion of renewable electricity production and that new projects are tested against environmental consequences and safety over their entire lifecycle.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan demands radical expansion of renewable electricity production and that new projects are tested against environmental consequences and safety over their entire lifecycle. Resuming the paused environmental assessments with maximum environmental benefit therefore aligns with the plan, as does utilising regulating capacity in existing installations better. However, the demand's framing as a step while waiting for other power production has no support in the plan, which lowers confidence.

Original (Swedish)

Planen kräver en radikal utbyggnad av förnybar elproduktion och att nya projekt prövas mot miljökonsekvenser och säkerhet över hela livscykeln. Att återuppta de pausade miljöprövningarna med största möjliga miljönytta ligger därför i planens linje, liksom att reglerförmågan i befintliga anläggningar utnyttjas bättre. Kravets inramning som ett steg i väntan på annan kraftproduktion har dock inget stöd i planen, vilket sänker säkerheten.

  • environmental assessment of power projectsdecisive»behöver jämföras i miljökonsekvenser och säkerhet över hela sin« (party programme ↗)“should be compared in environmental consequences and safety over their entire”
  • radical expansion of renewables»En radikal utbyggnad av den förnybara elproduktionen är avgörande« (party programme ↗)“A radical expansion of renewable electricity production is crucial”
  • energy policy on renewable basis»strategi som bygger på förnybar el och låga klimatutsläpp. Nya projekt« (party programme ↗)“strategy based on renewable electricity and low greenhouse emissions. New projects”
  • electricity as socio-economic infrastructure»investeringar och priser behöver utgå från samhällsekonomiska mål.« (party programme ↗)“investments and prices need to be based on socio-economic goals.”
SSocialdemokraternaNoNofollows the plannot addressed

The election manifesto holds that hydropower should be protected and that electricity production should be expanded in all forms, which bears the requirement for increased regulatory capacity through storage, pump power and capacity increases.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto holds that hydropower should be protected and that electricity production should be expanded in all forms, which bears the requirement for increased regulatory capacity through storage, pump power and capacity increases. The manifesto also wants to tear down bureaucratic barriers and speed up slow permission processes, which speaks to the potential for the paused environmental assessments to be resumed in a way that provides both environmental benefit and electricity. The party programme simultaneously requires that biological diversity is protected.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet slår fast att vattenkraften ska värnas och att elproduktionen ska byggas ut av alla slag, vilket bär kravet på ökad reglerförmåga genom magasinering, pumpkraft och effekthöjning. Manifestet vill dessutom riva byråkratiska hinder och snabba på långsamma tillståndsprocesser, vilket talar för att de pausade miljöprövningarna kan återupptas i en ordning som ger både miljönytta och el. Partiprogrammet kräver samtidigt att den biologiska mångfalden skyddas.

  • protect hydropowerdecisive»Vi behöver också värna vattenkraften och se till att solpanelerna blir fler, bland annat på offentliga och kommersiella byggnader.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“We also need to protect hydropower and ensure that solar panels become more common, including on public and commercial buildings.”
  • faster permission processes»Riv de byråkratiska hindren för mer el. Långsamma tillståndsprocesser ska snabbas på.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Tear down the bureaucratic barriers for more electricity. Slow permission processes must be speeded up.”
  • expanded electricity production»Bygg ut elproduktionen av alla slag.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Expand electricity production of all kinds.”
  • protection of biological diversity»biologiska mångfalden måste skyddas.« (party programme ↗)“Biological diversity must be protected.”
MPMiljöpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planexplicit

The plan wants to promote renovation and efficiency improvement of existing hydroelectric power plants while increased environmental requirements ensure fish migration — that is, precisely conducting environmental assessments and increasing efficiency in existing facilities.

Plan documents: party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan wants to promote renovation and efficiency improvement of existing hydroelectric power plants while increased environmental requirements ensure fish migration — that is, precisely conducting environmental assessments and increasing efficiency in existing facilities. Resuming paused assessments with maximum environmental benefit follows directly from this. The plan, however, sees hydroelectric power as fully developed, which argues against mapping the potential of new watercourses.

Original (Swedish)

Planen vill främja ombyggnad och effektivisering av befintliga vattenkraftverk samtidigt som ökade miljökrav säkrar fiskens vandringsmöjligheter — alltså precis att miljöprövningarna genomförs och att effekten höjs i anläggningar som redan finns. Att pausade prövningar återupptas med största möjliga miljönytta följer direkt av detta. Planen ser däremot vattenkraften som färdigutbyggd, vilket talar emot att kartlägga nya vattendrags potential.

  • efficiency improvement of existing hydroelectric powerdecisive»främja ombyggnad och effektivisering av befintliga« (party programme ↗)“promote renovation and efficiency improvement of existing”
  • environmental requirements in re-assessment»säkrar fiskens möjlighet till vandring.« (party programme ↗)“ensures fish's ability to migrate.”
  • no new hydroelectric power expansion»Vattenkraften är enligt vårt sätt att se det färdigut« (party programme ↗)“Hydroelectric power is, in our view, fully developed”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

CCenterpartietNoAbstaindeparts from the planderived

The plan's crucial energy commitment is that at least 50 TWh of emissions-free electricity must begin to be built during the mandate period and that permit times for green investments must be halved.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's crucial energy commitment is that at least 50 TWh of emissions-free electricity must begin to be built during the mandate period and that permit times for green investments must be halved. Resuming the paused environmental assessments and increasing hydropower's regulation capacity through efficiency increases and storage serve exactly that goal. The plan also wants to protect lakes and watercourses, which aligns with the requirement for maximum environmental benefit in the assessments.

Original (Swedish)

Planens avgörande energiåtagande är att minst 50 TWh utsläppsfri el måste börja byggas under mandatperioden och att tillståndstiderna för gröna investeringar ska halveras. Att återuppta de pausade miljöprövningarna och höja vattenkraftens reglerförmåga genom effekthöjning och magasinering tjänar exakt det målet. Planen vill samtidigt värna sjöar och vattendrag, vilket ligger i linje med kravet på största möjliga miljönytta i prövningarna.

  • 50 TWh new emissions-free electricitydecisive»Minst 50 TWh utsläppsfri el måste börja byggas nästa mandatperiod.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At least 50 TWh of emissions-free electricity must begin to be built next mandate period.”
  • halved permit times»Det är dags att halvera tiden det tar att få tillstånd för gröna investeringar och reformera miljöbalken så att ett projekts klimatnytta ges större vikt i miljöprövningen.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“It is time to halve the time it takes to obtain permits for green investments and reform the Environmental Code so that a project's climate benefit is given greater weight in environmental assessment.”
  • local share of hydropower's value»Mer av värdet som skapas från naturresurser — exempelvis vindkraft, vattenkraft och gruvor — ska stanna kvar lokalt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“More of the value created from natural resources — for example wind power, hydropower and mines — must stay local.”
  • protect watercourses»Rädda Sveriges sjöar, vattendrag och hav.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Save Sweden's lakes, watercourses and seas.”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

LLiberalernaNoYesdeparts from the planexplicit

The plan explicitly says that modernization of hydropower shall include requirements that power plants meet today's environmental regulations, which speaks for resuming the paused environmental assessments as soon as possible.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan explicitly says that modernization of hydropower shall include requirements that power plants meet today's environmental regulations, which speaks for resuming the paused environmental assessments as soon as possible. The plan also wants to develop hydropower through increased efficiency and invest in energy storage and investments in the power system, which carries the requirement for increased control capacity through enhanced output in existing facilities. The requirement to map the potential of larger watercourses, however, stands in tension with development occurring through increased efficiency and that national rivers shall be protected.

Original (Swedish)

Planen säger uttryckligen att moderniseringen av vattenkraften ska innebära krav på att kraftverken lever upp till dagens miljöregler, vilket talar för att de pausade miljöprövningarna återupptas snarast. Planen vill också utveckla vattenkraften genom effektivisering och satsa på energilagring och investeringar i kraftsystemet, vilket bär kravet på ökad reglerförmåga genom effekthöjning i befintliga anläggningar. Kravet på kartläggning av de större vattendragens potential ligger däremot i spänning med att utveckling ska ske genom effektivisering och att nationalälvarna ska fredas.

  • modern environmental requirements on power plantsdecisive»modernisering ska också innebära krav på att kraftverken lever upp till dagens miljöregler.« (party programme ↗)“modernization shall also include requirements that power plants meet today's environmental regulations.”
  • increased efficiency not exploitation»Vattenkraften kan utvecklas genom effektivisering, inte genom ökad exploatering.« (party programme ↗)“Hydropower can be developed through increased efficiency, not through increased exploitation.”
  • investments in power system and storage»Ska vi få ner elpriserna krävs att vi bygger inte bara kärnkraft utan också mer sol- och vindkraft i hela landet, investerar i kraftsystemet och satsar på energilagring.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If we are to lower electricity prices, we need not only nuclear power but also more solar and wind power across the entire country, invest in the power system and prioritize energy storage.”
  • national rivers protected»nationalälvarna ska fredas från utbyggnad, liksom övriga i lag skyddade vattendrag samt bäckar,« (party programme ↗)“national rivers shall be protected from development, as shall other legally protected watercourses and streams,”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

KDKristdemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The election manifesto explicitly promises to protect hydroelectric power, both large-scale and small-scale, and the party programme makes supply security and competitiveness into cornerstones of energy policy alongside environmental sustainability.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly promises to protect hydroelectric power, both large-scale and small-scale, and the party programme makes supply security and competitiveness into cornerstones of energy policy alongside environmental sustainability. The counter-proposal's requirements for resumed examinations with efficient access to hydroelectric power, increased regulatory capacity and faster permit processes are in line with this. The plan also supports investments in electricity generated from water.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet lovar uttryckligen att värna vattenkraften, både den storskaliga och småskaliga, och partiprogrammet gör försörjningstrygghet och konkurrenskraft till grundpelare i energipolitiken vid sidan av miljömässig hållbarhet. Motförslagets krav på återupptagna prövningar med effektiv tillgång till vattenkraftsel, ökad reglerförmåga och snabbare tillståndsprocesser ligger i linje med detta. Planen stödjer också investeringar i elkraft från vatten.

  • protected hydroelectric powerdecisive»Värna vattenkraften, både den storskaliga och småskaliga.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Protect hydroelectric power, both large-scale and small-scale.”
  • cornerstones of energy policy»De tre grundpelarna för den svenska energipolitiken ska vara miljömässig hållbarhet, försörjningstrygghet och konkurrenskraft.« (party programme ↗)“The three cornerstones of Swedish energy policy shall be environmental sustainability, supply security and competitiveness.”
  • investments in hydroelectric power»Därför behöver investeringar, forskning och utveckling i elkraft från vind, sol och vatten stödjas« (party programme ↗)“Therefore, investments, research and development in electricity from wind, sun and water must be supported”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

MModeraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan's energy policy commitment is that all fossil-free energy sources should contribute, that plannable production should be strengthened and that permit processes should be shortened.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's energy policy commitment is that all fossil-free energy sources should contribute, that plannable production should be strengthened and that permit processes should be shortened. The counter-proposal's demands for increased control capacity through storage, pumped hydro and efficiency increase and faster review align directly with this, and the demand that reviews give effective access to hydropower electricity matches the plan's prioritisation of stable electricity production. Therefore, the plan supports the demand on the merits.

Original (Swedish)

Planens energipolitiska åtagande är att alla fossilfria energikällor ska bidra, att den planerbara produktionen ska stärkas och att tillståndsprocesserna ska kortas. Motförslagets krav på ökad reglerförmåga genom magasinering, pumpkraft och effekthöjning samt snabbare prövning ligger direkt i linje med detta, och kravet på att prövningarna ska ge effektiv tillgång till vattenkraftsel motsvarar planens prioritering av stabil elproduktion. Planen stöder därför kravet i sak.

  • all fossil-free sources contributedecisive»Ska vi klara det behövs en elproduktion där alla fossilfria energikällor är med och bidrar.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“If we are to manage it, we need electricity production where all fossil-free energy sources contribute.”
  • plannable and stable electricity production»Upphandla kraftproduktion som stärker stabiliteten« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Procure power production that strengthens stability”
  • shorter permit processes»Investera i det svenska elnätet och korta tillståndsprocesserna för elnätsutbyggnad« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in the Swedish electricity grid and shorten permit processes for grid expansion”
  • 100 percent fossil-free goal»Ändra det energipolitiska målet från 100 procent förnybart till 100 procent fossilfritt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Change the energy policy goal from 100 percent renewable to 100 percent fossil-free”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

SDSverigedemokraternaNoYesdeparts from the plannot addressed

The plan establishes that Sweden needs to invest in predictable and fossil-free electricity production with targets for supply security, and that licensing processes shall be streamlined and made more predictable.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan establishes that Sweden needs to invest in predictable and fossil-free electricity production with targets for supply security, and that licensing processes shall be streamlined and made more predictable. The counter-proposal's demands for increased regulatory capacity through output boosting and storage in existing facilities, and faster assessment, directly address this. However, the party programme's protection of pristine national rivers sets a limit on how far the survey of watercourses' potential may go.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att Sverige behöver satsa på planerbar och fossilfri elproduktion med mål för leveranssäkerhet, och att tillståndsprocesser ska effektiviseras och göras mer förutsägbara. Motförslagets krav på ökad reglerförmåga genom effekthöjning och magasinering i befintliga anläggningar samt snabbare prövning svarar direkt mot detta. Partiprogrammets skydd för orörda nationalälvar sätter dock en gräns för hur långt kartläggningen av vattendragens potential får gå.

  • predictable fossil-free powerdecisive»Sverige behöver satsa på planerbar och fossilfri elproduktion.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden needs to invest in predictable and fossil-free electricity production.”
  • hydropower as foundation»grundstommen i Sveriges elproduktion« (party programme ↗)“the foundation of Sweden's electricity production”
  • faster licensing processes»Effektivisera och öka förutsägbarheten i tillståndsprocesserna för gruvnäring, elnätsutbyggnad och industri« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Streamline and increase predictability in licensing processes for mining, electricity grid expansion and industry”
  • targets for supply security»Sätta upp mål för fossilfrihet och att ett mål för leveranssäkerhet införs« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Set targets for fossil-free electricity and introduce a target for supply security”

The plan takes no explicit position on what the committee actually decided — often because the committee's reason was procedural. The stance is derived and fully cited, but it does not show the party broke a commitment.

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament