2023-11-292023/24:NU5 · p.1NUBusiness & energy

The government's bill

The government's bill on amendments to the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Activities Act for new nuclear power

What's at stake: The decision sets the legal basis for building new nuclear power in Sweden, affecting the country's future energy supply and the environmental reviews new nuclear facilities must undergo.

Case texts and AI reasoning are AI-translated from the Swedish originals; the Swedish text is authoritative.

What the vote decides

The question is whether the Riksdag should adopt the government's bill amending the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Activities Act to enable new nuclear power, or instead reject the proposal in favor of motions seeking to stop it.

Yes Yes — the committee proposal

The committee backs the government's bill amending the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Activities Act as part of enabling new nuclear power, and rejects the motions calling for the bill to be voted down.

No No — the reservations

Reservation 1 (S, V, C, MP)

The reservation holds that the bill's proposals should be rejected in full and instead backs four motions to that effect, with the detailed reasoning set out in separate dissenting opinions.

Summarised from the committee report. Party labels in the summary come from the report, not from the vote.

VSMPCLKDMSD
YesNoAbstainAbsent

What do the votes mean here?

Yes The committee proposal: adopting the government's legislative proposal and rejecting the motions (keeping things as they are).

No Backing the counter-proposal: reservation 1 by S, V, C, MP.

Abstain The party marks a position of its own that is not one of the two final alternatives.

The decision would have held

Explicit commitments that contradicted the vote: SSocialdemokraterna

Ja 152–149Ja 245–56

Counterfactual: the parties above are moved to the position their own documents explicitly point at, carrying their whole contingent present. Every other party keeps its real figures, including dissenters and absentees.

What each plan points to — and how the party voted

For each party: the vote its own election manifesto and party programme point to in this case, next to how the party actually voted. A plan can only point to Yes or No; a party can also abstain.

PlanVoteConfidenceEvidence
Vown reservationNoNo 0/20/0/4follows the planconfidence: mediumderived
Sown reservationYesNo 0/93/0/14departs from the planconfidence: highexplicit
MPown reservationNoNo 0/15/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
Cown reservationNoNo 0/21/0/3follows the planconfidence: mediumexplicit
LYesYes 13/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
KDYesYes 16/0/0/3follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
MYesYes 59/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit
SDYesYes 63/0/0/9follows the planconfidence: highexplicit

Committee proposal

The Parliament adopts the government's proposal for 1. law amending the Environmental Code, 2. law amending the act (1984:3) on nuclear technology activities. Thereby the Parliament approves proposition 2023/24:19 points 1 and 2 and rejects the motions 2023/24:2751 by Birger Lahti et al. (V), 2023/24:2752 by Rickard Nordin et al. (C) motion 1, 2023/24:2754 by Fredrik Olovsson et al. (S) motions 1 and 2 and 2023/24:2757 by Linus Lakso et al. (MP).

Original (Swedish)

Riksdagen antar regeringens förslag till 1. lag om ändring i miljöbalken, 2. lag om ändring i lagen (1984:3) om kärnteknisk verksamhet. Därmed bifaller riksdagen proposition 2023/24:19 punkterna 1 och 2 samt avslår motionerna 2023/24:2751 av Birger Lahti m.fl. (V), 2023/24:2752 av Rickard Nordin m.fl. (C) yrkande 1, 2023/24:2754 av Fredrik Olovsson m.fl. (S) yrkandena 1 och 2 samt 2023/24:2757 av Linus Lakso m.fl. (MP).

Riksdag decision: The Parliament approved the government's bill on new nuclear power in Sweden. The legislative changes mean that it becomes permissible to have new reactors at other locations than at the nuclear power plants in Forsmark, Ringhals and Oskarshamn. Furthermore, more than ten reactors are allowed to be in operation simultaneously. The Parliament shares the government's assessment that fossil-free nuclear power electricity shall play a central role in the Swedish energy mix going forward. The main reasons for this are an expected greater demand for electricity in combination with the fact that fossil fuels must be phased out, not least for climate reasons. Nuclear power also contributes to the Swedish electricity system being able to function in a stable and predictable manner. The legislative changes come into force on January 1, 2024.

Counter-proposals

Plan vs actual vote

Every party, in chamber order: what its own plan pointed to, how it voted, and the reasoning behind both. Highlighted rows are where the two differ — but a vote that follows the plan is a result too, so the reasoning is there for every party.

VVänsterpartietNoNofollows the planderived

The plan consistently states that increased electricity production shall occur through state investments in renewable energy and that industry shall shift from fossil to renewable; nuclear power is not mentioned as a path in the plan.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan consistently states that increased electricity production shall occur through state investments in renewable energy and that industry shall shift from fossil to renewable; nuclear power is not mentioned as a path in the plan. Legislative changes whose stated purpose is to enable new nuclear power thus lie outside the plan's energy line, which argues for a rejection. The plan addresses the committee's reasoning through its own answer to how electricity production shall increase.

Original (Swedish)

Planen anger konsekvent att den ökade elproduktionen ska ske genom statliga satsningar på förnybar energi och att industrin ska ställa om från fossilt till förnybart; kärnkraft nämns inte som en väg i planen. Lagändringar vars uttalade syfte är att möjliggöra ny kärnkraft ligger därför utanför planens energilinje, vilket talar för ett avslag. Planen berör utskottets skäl genom sitt eget svar på hur energiproduktionen ska öka.

  • state investments in renewablesdecisive»därför behöver staten gå in med satsningar på förnybar energi« (2022 manifesto ↗)“therefore the state needs to make investments in renewable energy”
  • shift to renewable energy»Industrier ska ställa om från fossilt till förnybart med hjälp av stora statliga investeringar« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Industries shall shift from fossil to renewable with the help of major state investments”
  • renewable energy»satsningar på förnyelsebar energi.« (party programme ↗)“investments in renewable energy.”

flags: karnkraft_namns_ej_i_planen

SSocialdemokraternaYesNodeparts from the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly states that nuclear power is an important part of Swedish electricity production for a long time to come, that there are no sacred cows in energy policy and that the party views positively initiatives that investigate the potential in all energy sources.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly states that nuclear power is an important part of Swedish electricity production for a long time to come, that there are no sacred cows in energy policy and that the party views positively initiatives that investigate the potential in all energy sources. Rejecting legislative changes that enable new nuclear power contradicts this and the requirement to tear down bureaucratic barriers for more electricity. The party programme's older position that renewables should replace nuclear power weighs less than the election manifesto.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet säger uttryckligen att kärnkraften är en viktig del av svensk elproduktion under lång tid framöver, att det inte finns några heliga kor i energifrågan och att partiet ser positivt på initiativ som undersöker potentialen i samtliga energislag. Att avslå lagändringar som möjliggör ny kärnkraft strider mot detta och mot kravet att riva byråkratiska hinder för mer el. Partiprogrammets äldre linje om att förnybart ska ersätta kärnkraften väger lättare än valmanifestet.

  • nuclear power as part of the electricity mixdecisive»Kärnkraften är en viktig del av svensk elproduktion och kommer att så vara under lång tid framöver.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Nuclear power is an important part of Swedish electricity production and will remain so for a long time to come.”
  • no sacred cows in energy policy»När det gäller att lösa Sveriges energibehov finns inga heliga kor.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“When it comes to solving Sweden's energy needs, there are no sacred cows.”
  • faster permit processes»Långsamma tillståndsprocesser ska snabbas på.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Slow permit processes must be speeded up.”
  • transformation of the energy system»Vårt energisystem måste ställas om.« (party programme ↗)“Our energy system must be transformed.”

The stance rests on the quoted commitment in the party's own documents; the actual vote deviated. Click the quote to verify it in the document.

MPMiljöpartietNoNofollows the planexplicit

The party programme explicitly opposes building new reactors in Sweden and wants to begin decommissioning nuclear power immediately, and the election manifesto states that nuclear power takes at least 15 years, requires hundreds of billions and entails enormous safety risks.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The party programme explicitly opposes building new reactors in Sweden and wants to begin decommissioning nuclear power immediately, and the election manifesto states that nuclear power takes at least 15 years, requires hundreds of billions and entails enormous safety risks. Legislative changes that shall enable new nuclear power therefore directly contradict the plan. Rejecting the proposal in its entirety is the plan's position.

Original (Swedish)

Partiprogrammet motsätter sig uttryckligen byggandet av nya reaktorer i Sverige och vill påbörja avvecklingen av kärnkraften omedelbart, och valmanifestet framhåller att kärnkraften tar minst 15 år, kräver hundratals miljarder och medför enorma säkerhetsrisker. Lagändringar som ska möjliggöra ny kärnkraft strider därmed rakt mot planen. Att avslå förslaget i sin helhet är planens ståndpunkt.

  • opposition to new reactorsdecisive»byggandet av nya reaktorer i Sverige, eller« (party programme ↗)“building of new reactors in Sweden, or”
  • immediate decommissioning of nuclear power»avvecklingen av kärnkraften omedelbart.« (party programme ↗)“decommissioning of nuclear power immediately.”
  • nuclear power is expensive and slow»Kärnkraften tar minst 15 år att bygga, kräver hundratals miljarder av staten i investeringar och har enorma säkerhetsrisker.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Nuclear power takes at least 15 years to build, requires hundreds of billions from the state in investments and has enormous safety risks.”
  • renewable is fastest»Solenergi och vindkraft är idag de överlägset billigaste, snabbaste och säkraste sätten att bygga ut vår energiproduktion.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Solar energy and wind power are today the overwhelmingly cheapest, fastest and safest ways to expand our energy production.”
CCenterpartietNoNofollows the planexplicit

The plan's explicit energy vision is a society with one hundred percent renewable energy and a society without nuclear power, which directly argues against legislative changes that enable new nuclear power.

Plan documents: party programme · 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan's explicit energy vision is a society with one hundred percent renewable energy and a society without nuclear power, which directly argues against legislative changes that enable new nuclear power. The transition is described as an entirely renewable project requiring society's full commitment. The manifesto's requirement for doubled emissions-free electricity points partly in another direction but does not mention nuclear power, so the party programme's position must carry the vote.

Original (Swedish)

Planens uttryckliga energivision är ett samhälle med hundra procent förnybar energi och ett samhälle utan kärnkraft, vilket direkt talar mot lagändringar som möjliggör ny kärnkraft. Omställningen beskrivs som ett helt förnybart projekt som kräver samhällets fulla engagemang. Valmanifestets krav på fördubblad utsläppsfri el pekar delvis i annan riktning men nämner inte kärnkraft, varför partiprogrammets besked får bära voteringen.

  • society without nuclear powerdecisive»Sverige har både möjlighet och skyldighet att inom mindre än en generation bli ett samhälle med hundra procent förnybar energi, helt fritt från fossil energi, där Centerpartiets vision är ett samhälle utan kärnkraft.« (party programme ↗)“Sweden has both the opportunity and responsibility to within less than a generation become a society with one hundred percent renewable energy, completely free from fossil energy, where the Centre Party's vision is a society without nuclear power.”
  • entirely renewable energy system»Omställningen till ett helt förnybart samhälle är ett projekt som kräver samhällets fulla engagemang.« (party programme ↗)“The transition to an entirely renewable society is a project that requires society's full commitment.”
  • rapid expansion of emissions-free electricity»Minst 50 TWh utsläppsfri el måste börja byggas nästa mandatperiod.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“At least 50 TWh emissions-free electricity must begin to be built in the next term.”
LLiberalernaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan stipulates that nuclear power cannot be phased out and that more new reactors in more places shall be enabled, among other things through modernized regulations.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The plan stipulates that nuclear power cannot be phased out and that more new reactors in more places shall be enabled, among other things through modernized regulations. Changes to the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Technology Act that enable new nuclear power are exactly this. A rejection of the proposal in its entirety therefore goes directly against the plan's commitment.

Original (Swedish)

Planen slår fast att kärnkraften inte kan avvecklas och att fler nya reaktorer på fler ställen ska möjliggöras, bland annat genom moderniserade regelverk. Ändringar i miljöbalken och kärntekniklagen som möjliggör ny kärnkraft är exakt detta. Ett avslag på förslaget i sin helhet går därför direkt emot planens åtagande.

  • modernized nuclear regulationsdecisive»I stället vill vi möjliggöra fler nya reaktorer på fler ställen, möjliggöra återstart av Ringhals 1 och 2, se till att statliga lånegarantier omfattar kärnkraften, modernisera regelverken och ge kärnkraften betalt för att den alltid finns tillgänglig.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Instead we want to enable more new reactors in more places, enable restart of Ringhals 1 and 2, ensure that state loan guarantees cover nuclear power, modernize regulations, and pay nuclear power for always being available.”
  • no phase-out of nuclear power»Då kan vi inte avveckla kärnkraften.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Then we cannot phase out nuclear power.”
  • build new nuclear power»Då behöver vi bygga ny kärnkraft i stället för att som de rödgröna partierna fortsätta lägga ned kärnkraften.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Then we need to build new nuclear power instead of, as the red-green parties, continue shutting down nuclear power.”
  • nuclear power for climate»Kärnkraften behövs för klimatets skull och för att minska världens utsläpp.« (party programme ↗)“Nuclear power is needed for climate's sake and to reduce the world's emissions.”
KDKristdemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The election manifesto explicitly requires that nuclear power is given long-term conditions to develop, that existing reactors' operation is extended and that new reactors are built.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The election manifesto explicitly requires that nuclear power is given long-term conditions to develop, that existing reactors' operation is extended and that new reactors are built. A rejection of the law amendments in the environmental code and nuclear technology act would block precisely this. The plan additionally requires a secured energy supply with fixed ground rules and a system that ensures access to cheap energy.

Original (Swedish)

Valmanifestet kräver uttryckligen att kärnkraften ska ges långsiktiga villkor att utvecklas, att befintliga reaktorers drift förlängs och att nya reaktorer byggs. Ett avslag på lagändringarna i miljöbalken och kärntekniklagen skulle blockera just detta. Planen kräver dessutom en tryggad energiförsörjning med fasta spelregler och ett system som säkerställer tillgången till billig energi.

  • expanded nuclear powerdecisive»Satsa på kärnkraften med långsiktiga villkor att utvecklas. Förläng befintliga reaktorers drift och bygg ut med nya reaktorer.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Invest in nuclear power with long-term conditions to develop. Extend existing reactors' operation and build out with new reactors.”
  • secured energy supply»Sveriges energiförsörjning ska tryggas genom en långsiktig energipolitik med fasta spelregler« (party programme ↗)“Sweden's energy supply shall be secured through a long-term energy policy with fixed ground rules”
  • cheap and clean energy»Strävan ska vara att åstadkomma ett system som minimerar miljöbelastningen och säkerställer tillgången« (party programme ↗)“The aim shall be to create a system that minimizes environmental burden and ensures access”
MModeraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The plan makes new nuclear power the core of energy policy and explicitly requires that bans on new reactor sites and on having more than ten reactors are abolished.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto

Reasoning and quotes

The plan makes new nuclear power the core of energy policy and explicitly requires that bans on new reactor sites and on having more than ten reactors are abolished. A rejection of the law changes in the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Technology Act would block precisely the regulatory changes the plan wants to implement. The counter-proposal's requirement thus directly contradicts the plan.

Original (Swedish)

Planen gör ny kärnkraft till kärnan i energipolitiken och kräver uttryckligen att förbuden mot nya reaktorplatser och mot fler än tio reaktorer avskaffas. Ett avslag på lagändringarna i miljöbalken och kärntekniklagen skulle blockera precis de regeländringar planen vill genomföra. Motförslagets krav strider därmed direkt mot planen.

  • new nuclear power as a solutiondecisive»Ny kärnkraft är lösningen för att reparera Sveriges energisystem på lång sikt.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“New nuclear power is the solution for repairing Sweden's energy system in the long term.”
  • remove the location restriction»Avskaffa förbudet mot att bygga reaktorer på andra platser än vid de befintliga kärnkraftverken« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Abolish the ban on building reactors in locations other than at existing nuclear power plants”
  • remove the reactor cap»Ta bort förbudet mot att ha fler än tio kärnkraftsreaktorer i drift« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Remove the ban on having more than ten nuclear reactors in operation”
  • fossil-free energy goal»Ändra det energipolitiska målet från 100 procent förnybart till 100 procent fossilfritt« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Change the energy policy goal from 100 per cent renewable to 100 per cent fossil-free”
SDSverigedemokraternaYesYesfollows the planexplicit

The counter-proposal requires that the legislative amendments to the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Power Act be rejected in their entirety.

Plan documents: 2022 manifesto · party programme

Reasoning and quotes

The counter-proposal requires that the legislative amendments to the Environmental Code and the Nuclear Power Act be rejected in their entirety. The plan establishes that precisely those regulations that prevent new construction and make modern smaller reactors impossible must be changed and that policy should actively create conditions for new nuclear power. A rejection would preserve the obstacles the plan wants to remove.

Original (Swedish)

Motförslaget kräver att lagändringarna i miljöbalken och kärntekniklagen avslås i sin helhet. Planen slår fast att just de regelverk som förhindrar nybyggnation och omöjliggör moderna mindre reaktorer måste förändras och att politiken aktivt ska skapa förutsättningar för ny kärnkraft. Ett avslag skulle bevara de hinder planen vill undanröja.

  • changed regulations for new nuclear powerdecisive»Det finns idag regelverk i behov av förändring som förhindrar nybyggnation och omöjliggör moderna mindre reaktorer i Sverige.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“There are today regulations in need of change that prevent new construction and make modern smaller reactors impossible in Sweden.”
  • new nuclear power and SMR»Skapa förutsättningar för ny kärnkraft i Sverige och en färdplan för byggandet av SMR-reaktorer« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Create conditions for new nuclear power in Sweden and a roadmap for building SMR reactors”
  • long-term nuclear power investment»Sverigedemokraterna vill göra en långsiktig satsning på den nya generationens kärnkraft.« (2022 manifesto ↗)“Sweden Democrats wants to make a long-term investment in the new generation of nuclear power.”
  • expanded nuclear power»Vi ser positivt på en utbyggnad av kärnkraften« (party programme ↗)“We see positively on an expansion of nuclear power”

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Sources and documents

Documents under consideration

Source: The Swedish Parliament